专题18宾语从句精讲.docx

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1、专题18宾语从句精讲一2022中考英语【考点】|主要考查宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的时态对应、直接引语和间接引语。宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是 由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等，宾 语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。【精讲01】宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有三种:1) that； 2) whether/ if； 3)特殊疑问词what/when/where/who等。如:He said that he c

2、ould help me.他说他能够帮助我。Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin ?你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？A A以that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以 省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。如：Do you think (that) it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗？He

3、said (that) he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。 A以whether或if引导的宾语从句：从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的 倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否，如：Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。以下情况一般只用

4、whether不用if。1)接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。2)与or not连用时。rm not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。（3）特殊疑问词what/when/where/ who等引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导

5、词有各自的意思，在从句中 要作相应的成分，不能省略。如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。【精讲02】宾语从句的时态 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。如：My teacher says he will be back in a week.（一般将来时）我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV.（现在进行时）我的老师说

6、他正在看电视。My teacher says he has seen the movie.（现在完成时）我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。A A如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。如：My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie.（过去完成时）我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。【注日如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。如：Our teacher told us the sun is

7、 much bigger than the earth. （般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。【精讲03】宾语从句的否定转移主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute, will they ?我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？I dont believe he did this, did he?我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？【精讲04】直接引语和间接引语直接引语指

8、的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；如：He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。，如：He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。具体见下表。直接引语变间接引语】直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day befor

9、etomorrownext weekthis weekthat weeknext weekthe next week地点状语two weeks agotwo weeks before谓语动词last monththe month agoherethere直题范例】1. （ 2021 青海）一Hi, Mary! I want to go to Qinghai Museum, but I am not sure get there.Dont worry. Let me tell you.A. how could I B. how I canC. how can ID. how I did【答案】B

10、【详解】句意：嗨，玛丽！我想去青海博物馆，但我不知道怎么才能到那里。别担心。我来告诉 你。考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，空处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，故排除A、C项；在宾语从句中，原 形动词get之前应是情态动词can,而不是did,故排除D。故选2. （ 2021 江苏中考真题）一Any news about Chinas space station? Do you know?At the end of 2022,1 think.A. when it will be in serviceB. where it will be sent upC. when will it be in servi

11、ceD. where will it be sent up【答案】A【详解】句意：有关于中国空间站的消息吗？你知道它什么时候可以使用吗？ 我想2022年底。考 查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除C/D选项；根据回答“At the end of 2022,1 think.” 可知，此处问的是时间，应用when引导，故选A。3. （ 2021-山西中考真题）一 Chinas womens soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th. I wonder一 They never gave up and fought to the

12、last minute in the game.A. how they won the game B . why they played the game C. where they played the game【答案】A【详解】句意：一4月13 II,中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。她们永不放弃， 奋战到最后一分钟。考查宾语从句。根据答语“They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game”可 知，从句是询问女足是如何获胜的，用how引导宾语从句，故选A。4. （2021 江苏中考真题）一A celebr

13、ation for the 100lh anniversary of the founding of the CPC（中国共产党）will be held, and Im wondering.一Lefs have a discussion about it this afternoon.A. how will we get thereB. which clubs will take partC. what we could do for itD. whether can we do something for it【答案】C【详解】句意： 庆祝中国共产党成立100周年，我想知道我们能做些什么。

14、今天下午我们来讨论 一下。考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除A/D选项；根据回答“Let，shave a discussion about it this afternoon.”可知，此处是说能做些什么，应用what引导，故选C。5. （ 2021 湖J匕中考真题）Could you tell me for the coming holidays?一Sorry, I have no idea.A. where are you goingB. where you goC. where you are goingD. where you went【答案】C【详解】句意:你能告

15、诉我你假期要去哪里吗？ 对不起，我不知道。考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除A选项；主句时态是现在时，从句时态不受限制，结合“for the coming holidays”可知，从句应用一般将来时，排除B/D选项，故选C。6. （ 2021 广西中考真题）The doctor wanted to know this morning.A. what did you haveB . what you hadC. what you have【答案】B【详解】句意：医生想知道你今早吃了什么。考查宾语从句。know后缺少宾语，此处用宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A；再由“wa

16、nted”可知主 过从必过，排除C。故选B。7. （ 2021 北京中考真题）一Could you please tell me?一Next Thursday morning.A. when we visited the Capital MuseumB. when did we visit the Capital MuseumC. when we will visit the Capital MuseumD. when will we visit the Capital Museum【答案】c【详解】句意：一你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗？一下个星期四早上。考查宾语从句。此 处是宾语

17、从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据答语“Next Thursday morning.可知，对将来时间提问，故选C。8. （ 2021 辽宁真题）一Excuse me, do you know?一Well, go along this street and turn right. It9s on the left.A. how can I get to the bankB. where I can find a restaurantC. when I can find a restaurantD. what can I do next【答案】B【详解】句意： 打扰一下，你知道我在哪里可以找到餐馆吗

18、？ 噢，沿着这条街走，然后右转。它 在左边。考查宾语从句。know后缺少宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AD；再由“Well, go along this street and turn right. Its on the left”可知询问地点，用 where 引导宾语从句。故选 B。9. （黑龙江省哈尔滨市2021年中考英语试题）一Could you tell me ?一You should be friendly, polite and helpful.A , how can I become a popular studentB , why I could become a

19、popular studentC , how I can become a popular student【答案】C【详解】句意:【详解】句意:你能告诉我怎样才能成为一个受欢迎的学生吗？ 你应该友好、礼貌、乐于助人。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，此处用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A；再由“You should befriendly, polite and helpftil.”可知问如何成为受欢迎的人，用how引导宾语从句，排除B。故选C。10. （ 2021 辽宁中考真题）一Darning, do you know?The strange shapes of its tall rocks.A. how large Zhangjiajie isB. what is Zhangjiajie famous forC. how large is ZhangjiajieD. what Zhangjiajie is famous for【答案】D【详解】句意：大明，你知道张家界以什么闻名吗？ 以它高大岩石的奇怪形状而闻名。考查宾语 从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除B/C选项；结合回答“The strange shapes of its tall rocks/9 可知，此处问的是以什么闻名，应用what引导，故选D。