试验机术语.pdf
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1、GLOSSARY OF MATERIALS TESTING *1/32*A AdherenceThe extent to which a coating bonds to a substrate.粘附力涂层与底层的粘结的程度。Adherence Index-Measure of the Adherence of porcelain enamel and ceramic coatings to sheet metal.粘附力指数度量搪瓷和陶瓷制品与金属薄片之间的粘附力 Alpha Rockwell HardnessIndex of the resistance of a plastic to s
2、urface penetration by a specified indenter under specified load applied with a Rockwell Hardness tester.Higher values indicate higher indentation Hardness.洛氏硬度塑料表面抗特定压头穿透的指数,这种特定的压头所受的特定的力是由洛氏硬度试验机所施加的。数值越大表明压痕硬度越高。Axial StrainThe Strain in the direction that the load is applied,or on the same axis
3、as the applied load.轴向应变受力方向或是与受力方向同轴的应变。Analogue boardA machine circuit board,which converts analogue signals into digital signal.模拟电路板把模拟信号转化为数字信号的电路板。Anchor PinA steel pin that connects a grip or jig to an eye end 插销连接夹具与接头的钢销。Auto ReturnAuto Return,when set to on,causes the crosshead to return a
4、utomatically to its Zero point at the end of the test.自动返车当设定了返车时,在试验结束后,横梁会自动返回到零点。B Bend TestMethod for measuring Ductility of certain materials.There are no standardized terms for reporting bend test results for broad classes of materials;rather,terms associated with bend tests apply to specific
5、forms or types of materials.For example,materials specifications sometimes require that a specimen be bent to a specified inside diameter(ASTM A-360,steel products).A bend test for Ductility of welds is given in ASTM E-190.Results of tests of fiberboard are reported by a description of the failure o
6、r photographs.弯曲试验测试某些材料展延性的方法。没有标准的术语阐述种类繁多的材料的弯曲试验结果,然而却有关于特种形态或种类的材料弯曲试验术语。例如,材料规格有时候要求试样被弯曲到规定的内径(ASTM A-360,金属制品)。ASTM E-190 给出了焊接件的展延性弯曲试验。纤维板的试验结果是用图形或断裂来描述。Bending StrengthAlternate term for Flexural Strength.It is most commonly used to describe flexure properties of cast iron and wood produ
7、cts.GLOSSARY OF MATERIALS TESTING *2/32*弯曲强度挠曲强度的替换术语,常被用来描述铸铁和木制品的弯曲特性。Bond StrengthStress(tensile load divided by area of bond)required to rupture a bond formed by an adhesive between two metal blocks.粘结强度分开两块用粘胶剂粘接的金属块所需要的应力(拉力除以粘接面积)。Break ElongationThe Elongation of the specimen to the break po
8、int.断裂伸长试样断裂时的伸长。Breaking LoadLoad which causes fracture in a tensile,compression,flexure or Torsion Test.In tensile tests of textiles and yarns,breaking load also is called breaking strength.In tensile tests of thin sheet materials or materials in form of small diameter wire it is difficult to dist
9、inguish between breaking load and the maximum load developed,so the latter is considered the breaking load.断裂负荷在拉伸、压缩、弯曲或扭转试验中引起断裂的力。在纺织品和纱线的拉伸试验中,断裂负荷也叫断裂强度。在薄条材料或小直径金属丝型的材料的拉伸试验中,很难区分断裂负荷与最大负荷,因此最大负荷就被认为是断裂负荷。Breaking StrengthStress required to rupture the specimen.断裂强度使试样断裂的应力。Bulk Modulus of Ela
10、sticityRatio of Stress to change in volume of a material subjected to axial loading.Related to Modulus of Elasticity(E)and Poissons Ratio(r)by the following equation:Bulk Modulus K=E/3(1-2r).体积弹性模量材料受轴向负荷影响,从而引起体积改变的应力比。弹性模量(E)与泊松比(r)的关系如下列公式:体积模量 K=E/3(1-2r)C Cleavage StrengthTensile load required
11、to cause separation of a 1-in.long metal-to-metal adhesive bond under the conditions set in ASTM D-1062.劈裂强度在 ASTM D 1062 要求的环境条件下,分离 1 英寸长的由粘合剂粘接的两块金属所需要的拉伸负荷.Climbing Drum Peel TestMethod for determining Peel Resistance of adhesive bond between a relatively flexible and a rigid material.(ASTM D-17
12、81).滚筒剥离试验测量相关柔韧性材料和刚性材料之间的胶粘剂抗剥离力的方法(ASTM D 1781)Coefficient of ElasticityAn alternate term for Modulus of Elasticity.弹性系数弹性模量的另一个术语 Cohesive StrengthTheoretical Stress that causes fracture in tensile test if material exhibits no plastic deformation.粘接强度如果材料没有塑性变形,在拉伸试验中引起粘接试样断裂的理论应力.GLOSSARY OF MA
13、TERIALS TESTING *3/32*Complex ModulusMeasure of dynamic mechanical properties of a material,taking into account energy dissipated as heat during deformation and Recovery.It is equal to the sum of static modulus of a material and its loss modulus.In the case of shear loading,it is called dynamic modu
14、lus.合成模量材料动态机械性能的测量,需考虑变形和恢复过程中热的能量的消散,等于材料静态模量与损耗模量的总和,在剪切试验中,也叫动态模量。CompressibilityExtent to which a material is compressed in test for compressibility and Recovery of gasket materials.It is usually reported with Recovery.可压缩性密封材料在试验中压缩和回弹的程度(ASTM F-36),通常用回弹性来描述。Compressibility and Recovery TestM
15、ethod for measuring behavior of gasket materials under short time compressive loading at room temperature.ASTM F-36 outlines a standard procedure.This test is not designed to indicate long term(creep)behavior and should not be confused with the plastometer test.压缩性和回弹性试验测量密封材料在室温下,短时间内受到压力负荷所表现出来的特性
16、的方法。ASTM F-36 概述了一个标准的程序。这个试验不能用来测试长期(蠕变)特性,而且不能与塑度计试验相混淆。CompressionTypically a direction of force applied to a sample to decrease its height 压缩施加于试样使其高度降低方向的力。Compression FatigueAbility of rubber to sustain repeated fluctuating compressive loads.(ASTM D-623)压缩疲劳橡胶承受反复压缩负荷的能力(ASTM D 623).Compressio
17、n setThe extent to which rubber is permanently deformed by a prolonged compressive load(ASTM D-395).Should not be confused with low temperature compression set.压缩形变橡胶持续受压后永久变形的程度(ASTM D 395),不应与低温压缩形变相混淆。Compression testMethod for determining behavior of materials under crushing loads.Specimen is co
18、mpressed,and deformation at various loads is recorded.Compressive stress and strain are calculated and plotted as a stress-strain diagram which is used to determine elastic limit,proportional limit,yield point,Yield Strength and(for some materials)compressive strength.Standard compression tests are
19、given in ASTM C-773(high strength ceramics),ASTM E-9(metals),ASTM E-209(metals at elevated temperatures)and ASTM D-695(plastics).压缩试验测定材料在压缩负荷下特性的方法,试样压缩时,不同负荷下的变形,都将被记录下来。压缩应力和应变都将被计算出来,并绘制应力-应变曲线图,用来计算弹性极限、比例极限、屈服点、屈服强度和压缩强度(某些材料)。ASTM C 773GLOSSARY OF MATERIALS TESTING *4/32*(高强度陶瓷)、ASTM E 9(金属)、
20、ASTM E 209(高温下的金属)和 ASTM D 695(塑料)给出了标准的压缩试验。Compression-Deflection TestNondestructive method for determining relationship between compressive load and deflection under load for specimen.压缩变形试验测试试样在压缩负荷下压缩负荷与变形的关系的非破坏性试验方法。Compressive DeformationExtent to which a material deforms under a Crushing Lo
21、ad.压缩变形材料在压缩负荷下变形的程度 Compressive StrengthMaximum stress a material can sustain under crush loading.Compressive strength is calculated by dividing the maximum load by the original cross-sectional area of a specimen in a compression test.压缩强度材料在压缩负荷下所能承受的最大应力。压缩强度的计算方法是:最大力除以试样的原始横截面积。Compressive Yiel
22、d StrengthStress which causes a material to exhibit a specified deformation.Usually it is determined from the stress-strain diagram obtained in a compression test.压缩屈服强度使材料达到规定变形的应力,通常由压缩试验中的应力-应变图表来计算.CreepDeformation that occurs over a period of time when a material is subjected to constant stress
23、 at constant temperature.In metals,creep usually occurs only at elevated temperatures.Creep at room temperature is more common in plastic materials and is called cold flow or deformation under load.Data obtained in a creep test usually is presented as a plot of creep vs.time with stress and temperat
24、ure constant.Slope of the curve is creep rate and end point of the curve is Time for Rupture.As indicated in the accompanying diagram,the creep of a material can be divided into three stages.First stage,or primary creep,starts at a rapid rate and slows with time.Second stage(secondary)creep has a re
25、latively uniform rate.Third stage(tertiary)creep has an accelerating creep rate and terminates by failure of material at Time for Rupture.GLOSSARY OF MATERIALS TESTING *5/32*蠕变材料在恒温、恒应力下,经过一段时间所发生的变形。对于金属材料,蠕变只发生在高温环境下。室温下的蠕变更多的是对塑料而言的,也叫冷变形或负荷下变形。从蠕变试验中得到的数据,通常是恒温恒应力下的蠕变-时间图。曲线斜率是蠕变率,曲线的终点是蠕变时间。如下图
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