2023届北京市高考英语复习真题阅读长难句分析技巧讲义素材.docx

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1、长难句的特征,易被忽略的连词比如最不起眼缺撑起整个句子的and,形式多样的定语比如用现在分词do i ng或过去分词done作定语/层层嵌套的从句即1句话中出现2个以上的从句L形式多样的定语P1:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour; shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies 主干： A new study shows

2、that the vulturine guineafowl have multilevel societies.P2:Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size: zzThey dont only have small brains relative to mammals (哺 乳动 物 ),they also have quite small brains relative to other birds/ he said.主干：Dr. Farine emphasizes tiny brain size.P3:Ther

3、e may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as ourown.P4:For several decades, there has been( an extensive and organized) campaign|intended*。 generate distrust in science, funded by those (whose interests and ideologies are threatened

4、by the findings of modem science).分析：There has been a campaign , 多个定语： an extensive and organized; intended to ;funded by thoseP5:Ifs common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vincis most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them 力/z her eyes no matter where they stand in

5、the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrons.The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing peop

6、les choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.1 .Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry（模仿）allows us to empathize with and even experience other peoples feelings.3,Ybu reflect 反映 on your emotional feelings and then you generate（产生，形成）some sort of recognitio

7、n judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate actionyou approach the person or you avoid the person,“Niedenthal says. “Y）ur own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more informa

8、tion about what it means.” proper二appropriate 合理的 惬 当 的Recognize 认知 judge 判断.Theres strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual （双语的）are more likely to recall an experience if rem

9、inded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling.4 .By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered

10、 over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.5 .An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned

11、 in more academic settings.6 .As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.7 . When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of

12、 operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive （认矢口 的）system to prepare for difficult activity.8.But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacri

13、ficial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.8 . The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas （困 境），they do indeed respond differently when considerin

14、g them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.9 . Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass （指南针）also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?P6:But what is typically thought to be the scientific methoddevelo

15、p a hypothesis （彳阳 设）, then design an experiment to test itisntwhat scientists actually doP7:lts this tough, sustained process that works to make sure（ faulty claims are rejected）.P8:While examples （of truly settled science being overturned） are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist.P9:

16、Scientists have managed to turn an unassuming drone （无人机） into a remote-controlled pollinator （授粉媒介） by attaching horsehairs coated with a special, sticky gel to its underbelly.P10:The results showed that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to

17、be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance.2 .副词或短语开头Pl:lncidentally, “respondent and informant are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee.P2Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the Mona Lisa portrait

18、 was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.P3:Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not

19、 develop the same responses that whites do.3 .数据的理解P1:A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle thats 15.4 degrees off to the observer s right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them.P2:Researc

20、hers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plasticsP3:The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.4 .连词：Pl:Our findings suggested that the brain measures the differenc

21、e in what we see before and after a blink, and commands the eye muscles to make the needed corrections/P2：“ju reflect 反映 on your emotional feelings mid then you generate （产生，形成） some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate actionyou

22、 approach the person or you avoid the person JNiedenthal says. Ybur own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means proper二appropriate 合理的 惬当的 Recognize 认知 judge 判断 5.人物Pl:Jennifer DeBruyn, a

23、 microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.P2:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, lik

24、e humans, have multilevel societies.P3:A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.P4:According to Mike Shatz

25、kin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual.P5:Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars（虚拟头像）when Horstmann took a long look at th

26、e “Mona Lisa“ and realized she wasnt looking at him.6 .词汇的处理P1:A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.P2:But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical （矛盾的）：that science produces both novelty and stability.P3:The mi

27、nute Apple crystallizes a product, everyone knows how to compete.P4:It took me more than 10 years to realize that the world has no shortage of fashion （时尚）designers who have the ability to make trendy and elegant garments, but that it is badly in need of, simply, clothes designersP5: I believe that

28、the most meaningful creative motives should arise through caring for other people, the great care of humanity-a concern for human feeling and spiritualityP6:The controversy is often referred to as nature and nurture”.P7:Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to

29、 such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts （本能）.精炼:1. Eventually, they start to lose track of ( who they really are ) , seeing themselves the way (their fans imagine them ), not as( the people they were ) before everyone knew their names ) .lose track of 失去联系;E艮不 上发展When

30、Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨)about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way (that modern tabloids and websites do ) . Tabloids 甘艮2. Th

31、ey focus not on ( how famous they are ) but ( on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place ).3. People ( who multitask all the time ) ma, be the worst rt doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, ( based on performances and self-evaluation by about 2

32、75 college students ), indicate that ( many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心)and cant focus on one activity.)panbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report ( how often they multitasked,

33、 how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺 激)or imperative。中动)they were.)4. Not surprisingly, me scientists said, ( most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and |hose ( who thought they were better at it ) were more likely to report using a cellp

34、hone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once ).5. Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, SanFrancisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused toward mul

35、titasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.2013北京高考6. Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.7. Surveys （调查）o

36、n this topic suggests that parents today continue to be very or somewhatoverly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.8. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.9. The f

37、act that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.-2015北京高考So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood ov

38、er several days.10. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性）and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.11. Th

39、e college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性）and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.12. This process involves “t

40、rying on new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually（在思维方面）and personally.13. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders.14. If acceptable social beh

41、avior is too strictly defined(规定)and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior (that administrators are seeking to minimize ) may actually be encouraged.15. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.16. Every col

42、lege discussion ( about community values, social climate and behavior ) should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of thr necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.-2016 W匕京高考When vaccination(疫苗接种)rates are very high, as they still a

43、re in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called herd immunity人群I生免疫,which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.17. Thats exactly what is ha

44、ppening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.18. Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(牙B恶)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just si

45、lly.19. If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预)/ we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire/A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually

46、 associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.20. If we are not careful, then, we could free a kind of global chess match against (very determined, super intelligent) machines (whose objectives conflict with our own), with the real world as the chessboard.21. Anyone (who expect

47、s a source of power in the transformation of these atoms) is talking moonshine 空谈北京高考To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films.22. But however Ion, it takes, the technolog

48、y has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.23. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect 副作用 （researchers have already found in ride-hailing（叫车）serv

49、ices）.24. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure（基 础设施）and operations 40% by 2050Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles d