专题20定语从句精讲.docx
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1、专题20定语从句精讲2022中考英语【考点】【考点】理解定语从句的结构。定语从句是指在句中作定语,用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名 词性词组或代词叫做先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代 词有 who,whose,that,which,关系副词有 when,where,why 等。【精讲0。定语从句的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关 系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词可作状语。 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句
2、的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。如:I don,t like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。The cars which arc produced in Hubei Province sell very well.湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。 作宾语:如:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escap
3、e.奶奶给我的那本书叫大逃亡。AA作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。如:Whafs the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。A A作状语:Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我将从不会忘记我第”次来北京的那天。This is the house where I wa
4、s born.这是我出生的那个房子。责安【精讲02】各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。A A whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗?Mr. Lee (whom) yo
5、u want to see has come.你要见的李先生已经来 了。 whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。AAwhich指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。如I:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。Here is the book (wh
6、ich) the teacher mentioned yesterday.这是老师昨天提到的那本书。AAthat多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:Ive read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.我已经读 了 那份承载重要新闻的报纸。Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那儿读报纸的人是谁? when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。如:ril never forget the time when we worked on t
7、he farm.我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.就在我离开那天他到得北京。 where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。如:This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。The factory where his father works is in the cast of the city. 父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。【定语从句总结】分类引导词例子whowhomThe man who is working there is my br
8、other.关系代词whichThis is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday.thatThe room whose window is open is mine.whose关系副词whenwhere why1 still remember the day when you left for Beijing.This is the school where my mother works. A只能用that,不用which的情况:(1)先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代
9、词时。如:All that he said is true.所有他说的都是真的。(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰,关系代词常用 that,不用 which o 如:This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如:It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最
10、高级修饰的词。如:如:This is the best book (that) I have read this year.这是我今年读过的最好的书。(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。如:He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他谈论他记起得的人和事。A A只使用which,不能用that的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如:I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.我想买这个,它确实是我想要的。(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。
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