过去分词作定语、表语.ppt

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1、Past participleI.I.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.1.单个过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语,通常前置通常前置a.及物动词的过去分词，具有及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成被动和完成的意义。的意义。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd A cup which is broken A soldier who was woundedA guest who is unexpectedThe crowd who were excitedc)有有时：形容：形容词/数数词+名名词ed=复合形容复

2、合形容词 *a three-legged table *a one-eyed general *an honest-faced man a grown womana retired officerA woman who has grownA officer who has retiredb.不及物动词的过去分词，具有不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成主动和完成意义。意义。2.过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe book borrowed by Jackthe mac

3、hines produced last yearThis object,discovered almost by accident,has changed machine.=a letter which was written in pencil=the book which was borrowed by Jack=the machines which were produced last year=This object,which was discovered almost by accident,has changed machine.过去分词与现在分词的区别：过去分词与现在分词的区别

4、：1 语态不同语态不同：现在分词表示：现在分词表示主动主动，及物动词的过去分词表示及物动词的过去分词表示被动被动*不及物动词的过去分词只有不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成完成”含义，含义，而不表示被动而不表示被动an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众The falling leaves the fallen leaves正往下落的叶子正往下落的叶子落叶（已经落到地面的）落叶（已经落到地面的）2 时间关系不同时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，现在分词作定语，-动作正在进行动作正在进行”或或“与谓语同时进

5、与谓语同时进行行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语，过去分词作定语，-动作动作“先于谓语表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作”或或“没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性”1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.“Cant you read?”Mary said angrily _(point)to the notice.3 The woman _(sell)vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(bring)from a pond.5.He is a leader_(respe

6、ct)by the people.3 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(done)：被动被动,完成了的动作完成了的动作现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式(being done):被动正在进行的动作被动正在进行的动作the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed 4.过去分词（过去分词（done）:“完成完成”和和“被动被动”，现在分词的现在分词的完成被动式（完成被动式（having been done）:强调强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。分词动作明显先于谓语动作。1.He is a teacher _(respect)by

7、 all.2._(tell)to stay in Beijing,the boy decided not to return to his village.II.过去分词做表语过去分词做表语1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared more satisfied with my work.2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词做表语与现

8、在分词做表语的区别（1）现在分词作表语：表主语的性质或特征）现在分词作表语：表主语的性质或特征,“另人另人-”，有主动的意思。如：，有主动的意思。如：exciting,moving,amusing,astonishing,frightening,interesting,relaxing,shocking,surprising,terrifying,tiring etc.(2)过去分词作定语：表示主语的状态过去分词作定语：表示主语的状态,“感到感到-”，有被动的意思，有被动的意思.如：如：excited,moved,amused,astonished,frightened,interested,

9、relaxed,satisfied,surprised,terrified,tired etc.eg,They got very excited.(3).过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,说明说明主语的特点及所处的状态，主语的特点及所处的状态，动词的被动语态动词的被动语态,强调的是动作强调的是动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.过去分去分词常用于某些固定的常用于某些固定的词组中中be interested in sth./doing sth.be engaged in sth./doing sth.be p

10、repared to do sth.be/get used to sth./doing sth.Exercises:1.We lived in the house _(我舅舅们修建的我舅舅们修建的).2.Any medicine _(服用服用)without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.3.We spent two hours discussing the plan _(她制定的她制定的).4._(开水开水)5._(一个破碎的茶杯一个破碎的茶杯)6.three _(受伤的士兵受伤的士兵)built by my unclestakenmade

11、 by herboiled watera broken cupwounded soldiersExercises:1.Most of the people _(被邀请参加宴会的被邀请参加宴会的)were famous scientists.2.Lessons _(易学的易学的)are soon forgotten.*_(易学的易学的)lessons are soon forgotten.3.The computer center _(开办开办)last week is popular with the students.invited to the partylearned easilyope

12、ned/startedEasily-learnedExercises1.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.2.A.being known B.having been known3.C.to be known D.known2.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends3.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed4.3.Cleaning women in big cities usua

13、lly get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay4.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playingDACC5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.be B.having begun C

14、.beginning D.begun6.The television is a _ machine.A.newly-invented B.new-invented C.newly-invent D.newly-invention7._ English is different from _ English in many ways.A.Spoken,written B.Speaking,written C.Spoken,writing D.Speak,writeDAA8.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _

15、.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars9.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying10.Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boringDBA