高中英语语法专题之定语从句.ppt

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1、定语从句定语从句(二二)一、关系副词引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句三个基本的关系副词关系副词关系副词先行词所指先行词所指在句中所作成分在句中所作成分When When 时间时间时间状语时间状语wherewhere地点地点地点状语地点状语whywhy原因原因原因状语原因状语【特别提醒】when,where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why通常引导限定性定语从句。That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.That is

2、 the factory where I used to work.That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago.That is the reason why he was fired.【用适当的关系副词填空用适当的关系副词填空】Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.【2008山东高考】A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when【典题例证典题例证】Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmosteven

3、ings.（08北京卷）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where【典题例证典题例证】Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(07全国I)A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where【典题例证典题例证】1.关系副词使用的几种变化关系副词使用的几种变化（1 1）关系副词通常也可以用）关系副词通常也可以用“that+that+介词后置介词后置”代替或省略；代替或省略；（2 2）在正式文体中，也可以使用）在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词介词+which”+which”的结构。的结

4、构。u That is the river where I used to swim.(关系副词关系副词)u That is the river that I used to swim in.(that+介词后置介词后置)u That is the river I used to swim in.(省略省略)u That is the river in which I used to swim.(介词介词+which)【名师指津名师指津】2.2.【介词介词+which+which结构中的介词选择问题结构中的介词选择问题】I still remember the time when(at whi

5、ch)I first became a high school student.There are several areas in the city where(in which)you can buy clothes in fashion.介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；1（1）I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud.（2）Here is some money with which you can buy some books.介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。2（3）Ther

6、e was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help.(固定短语turn to sb.向某人求助)（4）The play in which I played an important role was a great success.【典题例证典题例证】Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.【2009陕西高考】A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which【解析解析】选选C。先行词是a sub

7、ject，指物且关系词在从句中做介词的宾语；介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。【思路点拨思路点拨】能够帮助我们排除其他选项的是哪个介词与argue搭配的问题。因此，此类高考题属于定语从句考点的边缘考点，并不是定语从句的核心。1.Its helpful to put children in a situation_ they can see themselves differently.【2009福建高考】A.that B.when C.which D.where【典题例证】抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题 3Ihaverea

8、chedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.【2009浙江高考】A.whichB.whereC.howD.whyLifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.【2009重庆高考】A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereShellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.【2009四川高考】A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when二、限定性定语从句

9、和非限定性定语从句二、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句【非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题】一般来说，除了关系代词that和关系副词why，其他定语从句的引导词均可以引导非限定性定语从句。例如：His speech,which inspired everyone,was well received.A student,who was admitted to an ordinary university,was greatly disappointed.The cinema,whose roof was damaged in the storm,will be brou

10、ght down.They will fly to New York next Friday,where they have planned to stay for a few weeks.You can come next weekend,when the books will be ready for you.as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的相同点和区别：(1)相同点：as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly what we wanted.这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。as、which

11、引导的非限定性定语从句(2)不同点：as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如”；而which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点”，相当于and this或and that。Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As everyone knows，all that glitters is not gold.=All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold.=

12、All that glitters is not gold，as everyone knows.众所周知，并不是所有发光的东西都是金子。三、定语从句使用的注意事项三、定语从句使用的注意事项【1.分析成分的能力和意识分析成分的能力和意识】Mr.GoodmanhastobeawayonbusinessonFeb.8th,_happenstobehiswifesbirthday.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.onwhichLastSunday,wevisitedtheLincolnMemorial,_,ofcourse,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovert

13、heworld.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.it(1)如果空白后面紧跟着动词的，明显缺少的是主语。(2)及物动词后必然有宾语，即如果及物动词后面没有宾语，先行词就是作动词的宾语。TheScienceMuseum,_wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondonstouristattractions.【2008江苏高考】A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where(3)不及物动词后没有宾语，在不缺少主语的情况下，先行词则通常作状语等成分。-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,

14、justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what(4)介词后面通常要跟宾语，如果介词后面没有宾语，则先行词通常作这个介词的宾语。-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?-Yes，theresonepoint_wemustinsistonAwhyBwhereChowD/【并列连词的陷阱并列连词的陷阱】Tom has two brothers,both of whom love sports.Tom has two brothers and both of them love spor

15、ts.简单的并列连词：and,but,so,or,yet【wayway意为意为“方式，方法方式，方法”，作先行词时的关系词的选择问，作先行词时的关系词的选择问题题】（1）用）用“介词介词+which”引导定语从句；例如：引导定语从句；例如：I dont like the way in which you speak to your mother.（2）用）用that引导定语从句；例如：引导定语从句；例如：I dont like the way that you speak to your mother.（3）省略关系词；例如：）省略关系词；例如：I dont like the way you speak to your mother.