高考英语 语法特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)课件 外研版.ppt

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1、特殊句式特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他倒装及其他)1强强调调句的基本句型是句的基本句型是“It is/was被被强强调调的部分的部分that/who其其他部分他部分”。被。被强强调调的部分可以是主的部分可以是主语语、宾语宾语和状和状语语等。等。It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯只有孩子才会犯这样这样愚蠢的愚蠢的错误错误。(2009浙江卷浙江卷)Ive read another book this week.这这星期我又看了一本星期我又看了一本书书。Well，maybe it is

2、not how much you read but what you read that counts.嗯嗯，也，也许许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday.是因是因为为她她妈妈妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。病了，她昨天才没来上学的。2强强调调句句型型的的一一般般疑疑问问句句只只需需将将is/was提提前前，特特殊殊疑疑问问句句的的结结构构是是“疑疑问词问词is/wasitthat从句从句”。Was it yest

3、erday that you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你老你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师师的的吗吗？Who was it that told you such a thing?究竟是究竟是谁谁告告诉诉你你这这件事的？件事的？Why was is that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是究竟是为为什么你昨天没有来开会？什么你昨天没有来开会？3“It was not until.that.”这这个句型个句型强强调时间调时间状状语语。It was not until he took off

4、his dark glasses that I recoganized him.直到他摘掉墨直到他摘掉墨镜镜我才我才认认出他来。出他来。1.(2011沈阳沈阳检测检测)_ that made Mrs White so upset?Her sons making trouble in the school.AWhere was it BWhy was itCHow was it DWhat was it解解析析：考考查查强强调调句句型型。句句意意为为：是是什什么么让让怀怀特特夫夫人人这这么么难难过过？她她儿儿子子在在学学校校惹惹事事了了。判判断断强强调调句句型型的的要要点点是是：当当去去掉掉“I

5、t is.that/who”时时，剩剩下下的的句句子子结结构构仍仍然然完完整整。这这里里是是强强调调句句的的疑疑问问形形式式，由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用What，而不是，而不是Where，Why或或How。答案：答案：D2(2011青青岛岛一模一模)Where did you meet the famous actress?It was in the supermarket _ we went shopping last Sunday.Awhich BthatCwhere Dthere解解析析：该该题题考考查查句句式式。该该题题实实际际考考查查的的是是定定

6、语语从从句句，修修饰饰先先行行词词supermarket。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。答案：答案：C3(2010南南昌昌二二模模)The police were seeking more information to find out _ the rich merchant.Awho it was that killed Bwho was it that killedCit was who killed Dwho was it killed解解析析：考考查查强强调调句句型型。强强调调句句型型的的疑疑问问句句结结构构为为：疑疑问问词词is itthat.而而这这里

7、里是是强强调调句句的的疑疑问问句句结结构构作作宾宾语语，故故用用正正常常的的陈陈述述语语序序，所所以答案为以答案为A。答案：答案：A1在在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等等引引导导的的状状语语从从句句中中，若若谓谓语语有有be动动词词，而而主主语语又又与与主主句句主主语语相同或主相同或主语语是是it时时，从句的主，从句的主语语和和be常被省略。常被省略。Unless(I am)invited，I wont go to the party.除非被邀除非被邀请请，否，否则则我是不会去参加那个派我是不会去参加

8、那个派对对的。的。When(you are)working，you must pay attention.上班上班时时，你必，你必须须全神全神贯贯注。注。Get up early tomorrow，if not(you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的明天早点起床，如果不的话话，你会，你会错过错过早班早班车车。2不定式省略，不定式省略，单单独使用不定式符号独使用不定式符号to(1)用用来来代代替替动动词词不不定定式式后后被被省省略略的的动动词词，常常在在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope

9、，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后等的后边边。(2009江江苏苏卷卷)Whats the matter with Della?Della出什么事了？出什么事了？Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to.父母不允父母不允许许Della参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游你愿意加入做游戏吗戏吗？Id be glad to.

10、我很高我很高兴兴。(2)如如果果不不定定式式中中含含有有be，have，have been，通通常常保保留留be，have和和have been。Are you a sailor？你是海你是海员吗员吗？No，but I used to be.不，但我不，但我过过去是。去是。1.(2010全全国国卷卷)Though_to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.Asurprising Bwas surprisedCsurprised Dbeing surprised解解析析：考考查查省省略略。句句意意为为：教教授授看看到到我我们们，虽虽然然很很惊惊

11、讶讶，但但还还是是热热情情地地欢欢迎迎了了我我们们。本本题题考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词作作状状语语。B项项为为谓谓语语动动词词形形式式，故故排排除除；分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知though 后后面面省省略略了了主主语语和和谓谓语语the professor was，而而surprising表表示示事事物物的的性性质质和和特特征征，不不符符合合语语境境；D项项在在结结构构上上不正确。不正确。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案为表示人的心理感受，故答案为C项。项。答案：答案：C2(2011潍潍坊坊质质量量监监测测)When people cut down big trees，ne

12、w trees should be planted._they will have no trees to cut down in the future.AIf not BIf soCIf no so DIf dont解解析析：考考查查省省略略。句句意意为为：当当人人们们砍砍倒倒大大树树时时，应应该该种种植植新新树树，不不然然的的话话，他他们们以以后后就就没没有有树树木木可可砍砍了了。if not如如果果不不，不不然然；if so如如果果这样的话。这样的话。答案：答案：A3(2011烟烟台台检检测测)He is rather difficult to make friends with，but

13、 his friendship，_，is more true than any other.Aonce gained Bwhen to gainCafter gaining Dwhile gaining解解析析：这这里里“once gained”是是once the friendship is gained的的省省略略，由此可知，由此可知，the friendship与与gain之间存在之间存在“被动关系被动关系”，所以这里选，所以这里选A。答案：答案：A1就近一致原就近一致原则则(1)由由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等等连连接接的

14、并列主的并列主语语，谓语动词谓语动词常与最近的主常与最近的主语语在在单单复数上保持一致。复数上保持一致。(2009湖湖南南卷卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生要么是你或者你的一名学生应该应该出席明天的会出席明天的会议议。Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.护护士和医生都士和医生都对对病人非常和病人非常和蔼蔼。注注意意：如如果果主主语语后后面

15、面带带有有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等等引引导导的的短短语语时时，句句中中谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复数取决于主语的单复数。复数取决于主语的单复数。(2009陕陕西西卷卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.Dr Smith 将在今年夏天和妻子女

16、儿们一起游览北京。将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame.依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。(2)由由there，here引引起起的的主主语语不不止止一一个个时时，谓谓语语通通常常和和最最邻邻近近的的主主语语保持一致。保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支文具盒内有一支铅铅笔和两支笔和两支钢钢笔。笔。2意意义义一致原一致原则则(1)谓语动词为单谓语动词为单数的情况数的情况由由连连词词and连连接接

17、的的并并列列成成分分指指的的是是同同一一概概念念，兼兼具具身身份份或或匹匹配配出出现现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武那个工人兼作家来自武汉汉。作作并并列列主主语语的的单单数数名名词词前前分分别别有有each，every，no修修饰饰时时，谓谓语语动词动词仍用仍用单单数形式。数形式。Each boy and each girl wants to work hard.每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。No teacher and no student likes the film.老老师师和学生都不喜和学生都不喜

18、欢电欢电影。影。非非谓语动词谓语动词、名、名词词性从句作主性从句作主语语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝劝他加入我他加入我们们看起来确看起来确实难实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好的早睡早起是一个好的习惯习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无无论论剩下了什么都被拿走了。剩下了什么都被拿走了。注注意意：what 引引导导的的主主语语从从句句，谓谓语语动动词词一一般般用用单单数数形形式式，若若从从句句谓语谓语或

19、从句后的表或从句后的表语语是复数形式，是复数形式，则谓语动词则谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。What they need are books.他他们们需要的是需要的是书书。(2)谓语动词谓语动词用复数的情况用复数的情况由由and 连连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都面包和黄油都卖卖完了。完了。people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名等有生命的集体名词词作主作主语语。People read for pleasure during their spare ti

20、me.人人们闲们闲暇之余的暇之余的阅读阅读是是为为了消遣。了消遣。1.(2011厦厦门门市市质质量量检检测测)Either the ways or the time_yet，but you may ask the headmaster for some information.Aisnt decided Bhasnt decidedCarent decided Dhavent decided解解析析：考考查查语语态态与与主主谓谓一一致致。本本句句的的主主语语由由either.or.连连接接，谓谓语语动动词词应应该该与与or后后面面的的名名词词保保持持一一致致，使使用用单单数数；根根据据语语意意

21、可可知知，应应该该使用被动语态。使用被动语态。答案：答案：A2(2010海海淀淀第第二二学学期期期期末末)Have you heard that Jones，along with her parents，_to Hainan for the winter vacation?Really？No wonder I havent seen her these days.Ahas been Bhave beenChas gone Dhave gone解解析析：考考查查主主谓谓一一致致和和词词义义辨辨析析。主主语语中中心心词词是是Jones，是是单单数数，所所以以所所填填词词用用单单数数形形式式；根根据

22、据应应答答句句中中No wonder 后后的的从从句句意意思思可可知知所所填词意思是去了，动词用填词意思是去了，动词用go，选，选C。答案：答案：C1表表示示方方式式或或方方位位的的副副词词或或介介词词短短语语，如如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等等，置置于句首于句首时时，完全倒装。，完全倒装。Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽快点，公共汽车车来了。来了。(2009福福建建卷卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came

23、voices all shouting together.那会儿，什么都没那会儿，什么都没发发生。之后大家一起生。之后大家一起欢欢呼起来。呼起来。Out rushed the children.孩子孩子们们冲出了教室。冲出了教室。注意：注意：上述情况中，若主上述情况中，若主语语是人称代是人称代词词，则则不用倒装。不用倒装。Away they went.他他们们走了。走了。Over it turns！它翻！它翻过过来了。来了。2表表语语连连系系动动词词主主语语(表表语语可可以以是是：形形容容词词、介介词词短短语语、现现在在分分词词、过过去分去分词词)Present at the meeting

24、were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会出席会议议的有的有怀怀特教授，史密斯教授特教授，史密斯教授还还有有许许多其他客人。多其他客人。3suchbe主主语语Such are the facts；no one can deny them.这这些就是事些就是事实实，没有人可以否，没有人可以否认认。1.(2010陕陕西西卷卷)John opened the door.There _he had never seen before.Aa girl did stand Ba girl stoodCdid a girl s

25、tand Dstood a girl解解析析：句句意意为为：约约翰翰打打开开门门，那那里里站站着着一一个个他他从从未未见见过过的的姑姑娘娘。本本题题考考查查倒倒装装句句型型。当当there，here，away，down等等副副词词置置于于句句首首且且主主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。答案：答案：D2(2009上海卷上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_.Afleeing the thiefBwas fleeing the thiefCthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief解解析析：句

26、句意意为为：听听到到狗狗的的狂狂叫叫声声，小小偷偷逃逃掉掉了了。本本题题考考查查了了全全部部倒倒装装句句。表表地地点点方方位位的的副副词词away放放句句首首时时，句句子子要要全全部部倒倒装装。正正常常的的语语序是：序是：The thief fled away.答案：答案：D1So/Neither/Nor助助动动词词/情情态态动动词词主主语语(表表示示前前一一句句中中的的内内容容也适合另一人或另一事物也适合另一人或另一事物)Lily cant play tabletennis.Neither can I.Lily 不会打不会打乒乓乒乓球，我也不会。球，我也不会。2否否定定副副词词never，n

27、or，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及及表表否否定定意意义义的的介介词词短短语语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首等置于句首时时。(2009陕陕西西卷卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.虽虽然身然身处险处险境，境，Rose却却丝丝毫不在意她个人的安危。毫不在意她个人的安危。(2010淄淄 博博

28、 检检 测测)John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much.John昨昨天天和和我我谈谈了了约约一一个个小小时时，在在那那之之前前，我我从从未未听听过过他他说说那那么么多多话话。By no means should you lose heart.你决不你决不应该应该失去信心。失去信心。3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等等引引导导两个分句两个分句时时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个

29、分句不变变。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到他一听到这这个消息就哭了。个消息就哭了。(2009全全国国卷卷)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.电电脑脑被被应应用用于于教教学学中中，结结果果，不不仅仅节节省省了了老老师师的的精精力力，学学生生也也对对课课堂感堂感兴兴趣了。趣了。

30、4在在so/such.that.句型中，若句型中，若so/such.提到句首提到句首时时。So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.我我觉觉得得这这个个问题问题太太难难解决了以至于决定向解决了以至于决定向汤汤姆征求建姆征求建议议。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的他取得了如此大的进进步以至于受到了表步以至于受到了表扬扬。5当当“only状状语语(副副词词、介、介词词短短语语或从

31、句或从句)”置于句首置于句首时时Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后，只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑电脑才修好。才修好。6用于用于as引引导导的的让让步状步状语语从句中从句中(表表语语/状状语语/动词动词原形原形as主主语语)Child as he was，he made a living by himself.尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋谋生。生。Try as he would，he might fail again.尽管他尽管他还还会会试试，但可能，但可能还还会失会失败败。1.(2

32、010海海淀淀第第二二学学期期期期末末)Not until they left school _ how much their teachers loved them and helped them.Athey realized Bdid they realizeCthey would realize Dhad they realized解解析析：考考查查倒倒装装。Not until引引导导的的时时间间状状语语位位于于句句首首时时，主主句句用用部分倒装；由从句的动词部分倒装；由从句的动词left可知所填部分的时态用一般过去时，选可知所填部分的时态用一般过去时，选B。答案：答案：B2(2010南

33、南通通一一模模)Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa?Yes，not only _ his money，but he was nearly killed.Ahe lost Bdid he loseChe had lost Dwas he lost解解析析：本本题题考考查查倒倒装装句句。由由not only.but also.引引导导的的句句型型中中，前前半半句句中中应应用用部部分分倒倒装装结结构构，故故先先排排除除A、C两两项项；再再根根据据句句意意，不不但但丢丢了钱，还差点丢了性命

34、，可知选了钱，还差点丢了性命，可知选B。答案：答案：B1(2010湖湖南南卷卷)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work_has made him what he is today.AWhyBwhenCWhichDthat解解析析：句句意意为为：约约翰翰的的成成功功与与运运气气好好没没有有关关系系，他他能能有有今今天天(这这样样的的成成功功)，是是多多年年努努力力的的结结果果。本本题题考考查查强强调调句句。强强调调句句的的基基本本句句式式为为“It is/was被被强强调调部部分分that/w

35、ho其其他他成成分分”。由由此此可可知知答答案案为为D项。项。答案：答案：D2(2010安安徽徽卷卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.AWhereBthatCWhenDwhich解解析析：句句意意为为：仅仅从从村村里里买买了了很很少少的的东东西西，女女主主人人就就做做了了那那么么丰丰盛盛的的一一顿顿大大餐餐。本本句句考考查查强强调调句句型型。被被强强调调部部分分为为from only a few supplies th

36、at she had bought in the village，其其中中的的that she had bought in the village 为为定定语语从从句句，先先行行词词为为only a few supplies。判判断断强强调调句句的的方方法法：去去掉掉句句中中的的It was 及及that 后后，剩剩余余部部分分是是个个完完整整的的句句子子。本本题题易易误误选选A项，用项，用where 引导从句作引导从句作the village 的定语，但句意不通。的定语，但句意不通。答案：答案：B3(2010四四川川卷卷)If you have a job，_yourself to it a

37、nd finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdont devoteCdevoting Dnot devoting解解析析：句句意意为为：如如果果你你有有工工作作并并全全身身心心地地投投入入，那那么么最最终终你你会会成成功功的的。本本题题考考查查祈祈使使句句式式及及动动词词的的强强调调。由由句句意意可可排排除除表表示示否否定定意意义义的的B、D两两项项；再再分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知逗逗号号后后和和and 之之前前的的部部分分须须是是完完整整的的句句子子，C项项为为现现在在分分词词，被被排排除除；A项项填填入入后后构构成成了了祈祈使使句句，do是是对对动动词词

38、原原形进行强调，故形进行强调，故A正确。正确。答案：答案：A4(2010四四川川卷卷)Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand.Aare；are Bis；isCare；is Dis；are解解析析：句句意意为为：像像莎莎士士比比亚亚这这样样的的诗诗人人们们的的作作品品被被人人们们广广泛泛阅阅读读，虽虽然然他他们们的的作作品品中中有有些些很很难难读读懂懂。本本题题考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。such poets as Shakespeare 中中poets 是是

39、中中心心词词，所所以以动动词词用用are；第第二二空空动动词词的的主主语语是是some(of their works)，是可数名词的复数形式，也用，是可数名词的复数形式，也用are。答案：答案：A5(2010重重庆庆卷卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_，one of the ten largest cities in China.Alies Chongqing BChongqing liesCdoes lie ChongqingDdoes Chongqing lie解解析析：句句意意为为：中中国国

40、十十大大城城市市之之一一的的重重庆庆位位于于扬扬子子江江和和嘉嘉陵陵江江两两江江交交汇汇的的地地方方。考考查查倒倒装装句句。分分析析句句子子结结构构得得知知，这这里里是是将将地地点点状状语语提提前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。答案：答案：A6(2010湖湖南南卷卷)Listening to loud music at rock concertscaused hearing loss in some teenagers.Ais BareChas Dhave解解析析：句句意意为为：在在摇摇滚滚音音乐乐会会中中听听震震耳耳欲欲聋聋的的音音乐乐已已经经导

41、导致致某某些些青青少少年年丧丧失失了了听听力力。本本题题考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。动动名名词词短短语语在在句句中中作作主主语语时时谓谓语语动动词词须须采采用用单单数数形形式式，故故排排除除B、D项项，根根据据句句意意可可知知此此处处为为主主动动语语态态，时态为现在完成时，故答案为时态为现在完成时，故答案为C项。项。答案：答案：C7(2010浙浙江江卷卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if_regularly，can improve our health.Abeing carried out Bcarrying outC

42、carried out Dto carry out解解析析：考考查查归归纳纳。句句意意为为：试试验验表表明明，如如果果有有规规律律地地进进行行适适量量的的锻锻炼炼，就就能能够够提提高高身身体体健健康康状状况况。首首先先，if carried outif it is carried out，依依句句意意可可知知itproper amounts of exercise，与与carry out 构构成成动动宾宾关关系系，所所以以用用过过去去分分词词表表被被动动含含义义。而而being carried out 意意为为：正正在在被被开开展；展；carrying out与与to carry out表主动

43、含义，所以表主动含义，所以C项正确。项正确。答案：答案：C8(2009湖湖南南卷卷)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.AAreBisChave Dbe解解析析：句句意意为为：要要么么是是你你或或者者你你的的一一名名学学生生应应该该出出席席明明天天的的会会议议。该该题题考考查查的的是是主主谓谓一一致致，按按照照就就近近一一致致原原则则，one of your students的的中中心词为心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示

44、应该表示应该(should)。答案：答案：B9(2009江江西西卷卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport_that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.AIsBareCwill be Dwas解解析析：句句意意为为：目目前前，人人们们赞赞成成建建一一座座新新机机场场的的理理由由之之一一是是它它将将给给这这个个地地区区带带来来很很多多的的就就业业机机会会。本本题题考考查查动动词词时时态态，At presentNow是解题的关键。是解题的关键。答案：答案：A10(2009

45、江江苏苏卷卷)Whats the matter with Della?Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still_.Ahopes to Bhopes soChopes not Dhopes for解解析析：句句意意为为：Della怎怎么么了了？哦哦，她她父父母母不不让让她她去去参参加加晚晚会会，但但她她仍仍然然希希望望去去参参加加。本本句句属属省省略略句句，完完整整形形式式应应为为：.，but she still hopes to go to the party.答案：答案：A11(2010江江西西卷卷

46、)Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.Adid he begin Bhad he begunChe began Dhe had begun解解析析：句句意意为为：直直到到离离开开家家他他才才开开始始了了解解家家对对他他来来说说多多么么重重要要。本本题题考考查查倒倒装装句句。not until置置于于句句首首，主主句句要要部部分分倒倒装装，排排除除C、D两两项项；又根据句意得知又根据句意得知begin需用过去时，但发生在需用过去时，但发生在leave之后，故排除之后，故排除B项。项。答案：答案：A12(2010四四川川卷卷)We laugh at jokes，but seldom_ about how they work.Awe think Bthink weCwe do think Ddo we think解解析析：句句意意为为：我我们们因因为为笑笑话话而而笑笑，但但很很少少去去想想笑笑话话使使人人发发笑笑的的原原因因。本本题题考考查查倒倒装装。seldom是是具具有有否否定定意意义义的的词词。置置于于句句首首，主主句句要要部分倒装，故部分倒装，故D项正确。项正确。答案：答案：D练规范、练技能、练速度