第七章 世界农产品贸易地理.ppt

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1、国际贸易地理作者：李荣庆作者：李荣庆责任编辑：张 琛出版日期：2009年9月IDPN：308-2009-158课件章数：17Unit7 Unit 7 World Agriculture and its Trade Geography世界农产品贸易地理世界农产品贸易地理In this Unit,you will learn:1)Lead-in 2)中文导读中文导读2)Developing countries face new barriers to trade 发展中国家面临新的贸易壁垒发展中国家面临新的贸易壁垒4)Agricultural trade 农产品贸易农产品贸易3)Agricultu

2、re:sharp increase in the price of cereals 农业：谷物价格急剧上涨农业：谷物价格急剧上涨Background IntroductionAgricultureisthelargestindustryintheworldandisoneofthebiggestthreatstotheenvironment.Inefficientfoodproductionandharmfulagriculturesubsidies（补贴）arecausingdeforestation(森林消失）,watershortagesandpollution.Background I

3、ntroductionTodaytherearesome800millionpeople(18%of the population in the developing world)whodonothaveaccesstosufficientfoodtomeettheirneeds(Pinstrup-Anderson and Pandya-Lorch 2000;Pinstrup-Anderson et al.1999),primarilybecauseofpovertyandunemployment.Background IntroductionMalnutrition（营养不良）playsas

4、ignificantroleinhalfofthenearly12milliondeathseachyearofchildrenunderfiveindevelopingcountries(UNICEF 1998).Inadditiontolackoffood,deficienciesinmicro-nutrients(especially vitamin A,i o d i n e a n d i r o n)a r e w i d e s p r e a d.Background IntroductionFurthermore,changesinthepatternsofglobalcli

5、mateandalterationsinuseoflandwille x a c e r b a t e（使 恶 化）t h e problemsofregionalproductionanddemandsforfood.Dramaticadvancesarerequiredinfoodproduction,distributionandaccessifwearegoingtoaddresstheseneeds.Background IntroductionO v e r a l l,a g r i c u l t u r a l productivityfortheentireworldis

6、projectedtodeclinefromlevelsotherwisereachedbybetween3and16percentby2080sasaconsequenceofglobalwarming.Thedamageswouldcontinuetodeepeninthefollowingcenturyinthefaceofstillgreaterwarming.Pre-readingquestionsWhatisHazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoint(HACCP)?Pre-readingquestionsWhatarethenewtradebarri

7、ersthatdevelopingcountriesface?EuropeanUnion http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union#Member_statesTheEuropeanUnioniscomposedof27independentsovereign(主 权）countrieswhichareknownasmemberstates:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,theCzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,G r e e c e,H u n g

8、 a r y,Ire l a n d,Italy,L a t v i a,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,theNetherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spai n,S w e d e n,andtheUnitedKingdom.DevelopingCountries发展中国家(Developingcountries)是与发达国家相对的经济上比较落后的国家。又称不发达国家。通常指第三世界国家，包括亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲及其他地区的130多个国家，占世界陆地面积和总人口的70以上。主要的发展中国家：中国、印度

9、、巴西、非洲各国（除南非以外）、亚洲（除日本与新加坡以外）、东欧、拉丁美洲各国。LeastDevelopedCountries(LDCs)Upto2003,therehavebeen50LDCsintheworld.(Formoreinformation,visitthefollowingwebsite:http:/www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/ldc%20criteria.htm)2003年，有50个国家被联合国确定为“最不发达国家”。用来定出现有这份最不发达国家名单的标准是：a.低收入，低收入，以人均国内生产总值衡量;b.人力资源薄弱，人力资源薄弱，以

10、基于出生时预期寿命、人均卡路里摄入量、中小学综合入学率以及成人文化水平等指标的综合指数（物质生活质量强化指数）衡量；c.经济多样化程度低，经济多样化程度低，以基于制造业在国内生产总值中所占份额、劳动力在工业中所占份额、商业能源人均年消耗量以及贸发会议商品出口富集指数的综合指数（经济多样化指数）衡量。最不发达国家名单最不发达国家名单到目前为止，全世界共有到目前为止，全世界共有50个最不发达国家，按联合国批准时个最不发达国家，按联合国批准时间顺序排列如下：间顺序排列如下：非洲：（非洲：（34个）个）贝宁、布基纳法索、布隆迪、乍得、埃塞俄比亚、几内亚、莱贝宁、布基纳法索、布隆迪、乍得、埃塞俄比亚、几

11、内亚、莱索托、马拉维、马里、尼日尔、卢旺达、索马里、苏丹、乌干索托、马拉维、马里、尼日尔、卢旺达、索马里、苏丹、乌干达、坦桑尼亚、中非、冈比亚、佛得角、科摩罗、几内亚比绍、达、坦桑尼亚、中非、冈比亚、佛得角、科摩罗、几内亚比绍、吉布堤、赤道几内亚、圣多美和普林西比、塞拉利昂、多哥、吉布堤、赤道几内亚、圣多美和普林西比、塞拉利昂、多哥、毛里塔尼亚、莫桑比克、利比里亚、马达加斯加、扎伊尔、赞毛里塔尼亚、莫桑比克、利比里亚、马达加斯加、扎伊尔、赞比亚、安哥拉、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔比亚、安哥拉、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔 亚洲：（亚洲：（10个）个）阿富汗、不丹、老挝、马尔代夫、尼泊尔、也门、孟加拉国、阿富

12、汗、不丹、老挝、马尔代夫、尼泊尔、也门、孟加拉国、缅甸、柬埔寨、东帝汶缅甸、柬埔寨、东帝汶 大洋洲：（大洋洲：（5个）个）西萨摩亚、瓦努阿图、图瓦卢、基里巴斯、所罗门群岛西萨摩亚、瓦努阿图、图瓦卢、基里巴斯、所罗门群岛 美洲：（美洲：（1个）个）海地海地 Vocabulary1.venture 2.multiply 3.de facto 4.mandatory 5.procedurethe basic structure or features of a system or organization2.increase in number or quantity 3.(Latin)existi

13、ng in actual fact,whether rightly or not4.required by law;compulsory5.order or way of doing thingsVocabulary6.traceability7.terrorism 8.rejection 9.infrastructure 10.inadequate6.way to follow or discover sth.by finding and noticing marks 7.use of violence and threats of violence8.refusing to accept(

14、sb/sth)9.project or undertaking esp a commercial one where there is a risk of failure10.not sufficient or enoughFillintheblanksShortformsFullnamesChinesemeaningsEUleastdevelopedcountries分析和控制在制作食分析和控制在制作食物过程中所潜在的危物过程中所潜在的危害的系统害的系统SanitaryandPhytoSanitaryFillintheblanksShortformsFullnamesChinesemeani

15、ngsEUEuropeanUnions欧盟LDCsleastdevelopedcountries最不发达国家HACCPHazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoint分析和控制在制作食物过程中所潜在的危害的系统SPSSanitaryandPhytoSanitary实施卫生和植物卫生措施协定DiscussionWhatdoyouthinkofthechallengesfordevelopingcountries?Pre-readingquestionDoyouknowthemainreasonswhichhavecausedtheworld-widehighprices

16、ofcerealsrecently?Background IntroductionInternationaltradeinfoodstuffsisincreasingmuchfasterthanfoodproduction.Afurtherthreattothepoorliesintheexpansionindevelopingcountriesofcropsbeinggrownforfuel,mostlytopowervehiclesinWesterncountries.Background IntroductionCropsforfuelcouldbegrownonlandwhichatp

17、resentgrowsfoodforpeople.Theycouldalsoco n tri b u te to a d e g ra d e d environment,includingaworseningofglobalwarming.BiofuelprogrammescouldresultinaconcentrationofownershipthatcoulddrivetheworldspoorestfarmersofftheirlandandintodeeperpovertysaysaUNreport.(See John Vidal,Global rush to energy cro

18、ps threatens to bring food shortages and increase poverty,says UN.The Guardian,9 May 2007)Vocabulary1.agriculturalproducts2.innominalterms3.priceofcereals4.beattributedto5.poorharvest农产品以名义价值粮食价格由引起的收成欠佳Vocabulary6.increaseindemand7.slowdown8.emergingeconomy快速发展的经济9.rawmaterials10.excludingtheintra-

19、trade需求增加减速不包括产业内贸易原料DiscussionGivethecorrectordersfortheworldexportofagriculturalproductsin2006.Pre-readingquestionsTwochangetrendscanbeidentifiedfromthefollowingpassage.Whatarethey?Vocabularybytentimesasmuchaquantitymuchlargerthanisneededeasilynoticeableanimalskeptforuseorprofitexistinginnameonlyt

20、enfoldsurpluspronouncedlivestocknominalComprehensionInthesecondlineofthispassage,thephrasetotalmerchandisetradereferstotradethatincludesA.all agricultural products but not industrialproducts.B.alsomachinesandofficeequipments.C.agriculturalproductsandindustrialproductsplusservices.D.all industrial pr

21、oducts but not agriculturalproducts.ComprehensionIn the second paragraph,the phrase overthis period refers to a period that coversmostlikelyA.from1965-1975B.from1965-1985C.from1960s-1990sD.from1960s-2000sComprehensionThepassageindicatesthatBrazilisaA.developing country and it exports moreagricultura

22、lcommoditiesthanitimportsB.developed country and it exports moreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitimportsC.developing country and it imports moreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitexportsD.least-developedcountryanditexportsmoreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitimportsComprehensionThedeclineoftheagriculturaltradeinc

23、erealfoodstuffsindicatesA.that people in both developing anddeveloped countries consume less wheatthanbefore(A)B.that only people in developed countriesconsumelesswheatthanbeforeC.that only people in developing countriesconsumelesswheatthanbeforeD.thatonlypeopleinleast-developedcountriesconsumelesswheatthanbeforeDiscussionWhatcouldbethereasonsthathavecausedthedeclineofagriculturaltradeincerealfoodstuffs?DiscussionWhatcouldbethereasonsthathavebroughtaboutthereverseoftheflowoftheagriculturaltradebetweendevelopedcountriesanddevelopingcountries?Thank you!Thank you!