中考英语考点之形容词和副词.pdf
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1、命题趋势:命题趋势:形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1.形容词的比较等级;2.形容词词义辨析;3.形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为 24 分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点:中考考查重点:一、形容词词义辨析;二、形容词短语搭配;三、副词的基本用法
2、;四、副词的分类;五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。考向一:考向一:形容词的分类形容词的分类分类分类说明说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中,大量的形容词属于这一类别,多数有比较级和最高级,有程度大小的区别,可以使用程度副词修饰。funny 滑稽的,lovely 可爱的,healthy 健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级,而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial 经济的,mental 脑力的,cultural 文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue 蓝色的,green 绿色
3、的,white 白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰,大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid 害怕的,alone 单独的,asleep 睡着的,worth 值得的,ill 病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词,如 excite,worry,其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化,即相当于形容词。worried 担优的,worrying 令人担忧的,exciting 令人兴奋的,excited 感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old 三岁的,ordinary-look
4、ing 相貌普通的,middle-aged 中年的考向二:考向二:形容词的句法功能形容词的句法功能成分成分说明说明例句例句作定语作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面Its a cold and windy day today.今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today.他今天看上去很开心。做 补 足做 补 足语语作主语或宾语的补足语,说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the workbefore dark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语作状语主要表示原因、伴随
5、或方式Hungry and tired,I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿,我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】【知识拓展】1.形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink?你想喝点热的东西吗?There is nothing important in the paper.报上没什么重要的事情。2.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred m
6、etres long.这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.去年,我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3.多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列:限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)描绘性形容词大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新、旧)形容词颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。学科*网【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而
7、圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶【典例】Keep all the windows _,its too hot in the room.A.openedB.openC.closed【答案】B考向三考向三:副词的基本用法副词的基本用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。Wha
8、t happened?I asked,rather angrily.发生什么事情了?我相当生气地问。In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。Have you read this book before?(副词,作时间状语)你以前读过这本书吗?He will arrive before ten oclock.(介词,before ten oclock 是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在 10 点钟前到达。考向四考向四:副词的分类副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:1.时间副词:today,early,so
9、on,now,then,recently,still1)表示发生时间的副词:Its beginning to rain now!现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词 always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly 等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。She often changes her mind.她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation.他刚动过手术。2.地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home1)有不
10、少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad.她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,后跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:用作介词:Stand up!起立!用作副词:Acat climbed up the tree.猫爬上了树。3)以 where 构成的副词也是地点副词:Its the same everywhere.到处都一样。3.方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答 how 的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.你夫人舞跳得真美。2
11、)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully.她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly 结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly.他悄然离开了这座城市。4.程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite5.频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never【典例】1.I _ have breakfast at 7:00.But _ its 7:20.Im having my breakfast.A.usually;oftenB.often;us
12、uallyC.sometimes;oftenD.usually;now【答案】D2.George is very healthy.He _ goes to the doctor.A.alwaysB.seldomC.oftenD.usually【答案】B【解析】句意:George 非常健康,他很少去看医生。A 总是;B 很少;C 经常;D 通常;根据句意,故选 B。6.疑问副词:where,how,why7.否定副词:no,not,neither,nor8.其他副词:also,too,only考向五考向五:易混副词辨析易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加 ly 都是副词,但是意义差别很大。hard 艰
13、难地;hardly 几乎没有They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。I hardly know her.我不怎么认识她.【典例】Its raining so _ that we can _ go out now.A.hard;hardlyB.hard;hardC.hardly;hardlyD.hardly;hard【答案】A【警示】在英文中,应该注意 hard 和 hardly 的区别,hard 可以作形容词或副词,意为努力,也可以指雨大或雪大,而 hardly 是副词,意为几乎不。在实际使用时,应注意它们的区别。late 迟到;lately 最近You have come
14、too late.你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?【典例】After getting up in the morning,my mother is used to reading the _ newspaper.A.lateB.latelyC.laterD.latest【答案】D【解析】句意:在早上起床后,我妈妈习惯了读最新的报纸。the latest 最新的。late 晚,迟到;lately 最近;later 后来,以后。根据句意,选 D。pretty=very 非常;prettily 漂亮地The exam was pretty diffic
15、ult.这次考试相当难。The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。意思区别相近的,分别表示具体跟抽象的意思:close(具体距离上的)接近地、紧挨地;closely(抽象)亲密地They sat close togetherWho is closely to you,your mom or your dad?【典例】Dr Kelly walked _ to the window to watch _ the short man shoppingon the street.A.close;closelyB.closely;
16、closeC.close;closeD.closely;closely【答案】Ahigh(具体高度)高地;highly(抽象)高度地,赞赏地The kites fly high in the sky.这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。)老师对他评价很高。【典例】The space ship flew _ in the space,and all the people around the world speak_ of our country.A.highly;highlyB.high;highC.high;h
17、ighlyD.highly;high【答案】C【解析】太空飞船在太空中飞得很高,第一空指具体的高度;speak highly of 意为对评价很高,故选 C。deep(空间的,具体)深度;deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud.把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other.凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide 具体距离很宽;widely 广泛地The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。We were widely differ
18、ent on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。1.After the rebuilding,our school is becoming _.A.more and more beautifulB.beautiful and beautifulC.more beautiful and beautifulD.the more beautiful2.Alice ran _ Lucy,so she got to the end _.A.as fast as;earlierB.faster than;earlierC.faster than;the earliest3.What
19、do you think of the book you read yesterday?Oh!Its one of _ books Ive ever read.A.interestingB.more interestingC.the most interesting4.He behaves quite well in school.It makes his father very _.A.nervousB.relaxC.happy5.Battleship is _ film I have ever watched.I have never watched _one.A.the most exc
20、iting;a more excitingB.the most excited;a more excitedC.the most exciting;the more excitingD.the most excited;the moreexcited6.Have you been to Shanghai _?Yes,Ive _ been there twice.A.already;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;alreadyD.yet;yet7.Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone?No.I _ do that b
21、ecause it makes me uncomfortable.A.alwaysB.oftenC.seldomD.usually8.This is the most beautiful park I have _ visitedA.everB.stillC.neverD.been9.They clapped and shouted _ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground.A.hardlyB.quietlyC.excitedlyD.angrily10.Mr Wu said he didnt know much about comput
22、ers,but hed try and help us _.A.anywayB.anymoreC.at allD.however1.(2018 年江苏省无锡市中考)Do you watch Peppa Pig on TV?Its so funny!Well,no,to be _,I think its quite silly.A.curiousB.braveC.gentleD.honest2.(云南省 2018 年中考)What do you think of your junior high school life?I think it is one of _ periods in my l
23、ife.A.wonderfulB.much wonderfulC.more wonderfulD.the most wonderful3.(2018 年上海中考)Old Mr.Green doesnt feel _ because some students visit himregularly.A.sadlyB.gentlyC.lonelyD.angrily4.(内蒙古包头市 2018 年中考)He was once _ killed in a car accident several yearsago.A.completelyB.sadlyC.exactlyD.nearly5.(湖北省黄冈
24、市 2018 年中考)How hard you are working,Helen!We must!President Xi said that _ we are,_ we will be.A.the more hard-working;the luckierB.the hard-working;the luckyC.more hard-working;luckierD.themosthard-working;theluckiest6.(河北省 2018 年中考)This dog looks _.Its wearing red shoes.A.cleverB.braveC.funnyD.car
25、eful7.(天津市 2018 年中考)Tianjin is one of _ cities in China.A.bigB.biggerC.the biggestD.thebigger8.(湖北省宣昌市 2018 年中考)How are you getting on with your cousin?Very well.He is really _ and joins in all kinds of activities in his spare time.A.politeB.strictC.activeD.careful9.(重庆市 2018 年中考)I cant hear the tea
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