高中英语句子成分及句型.ppt

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1、Parts of a Sentence&Five Kinds of Simple Sentences句子的成分(PARTSOFASENTENCE)组成句子的各个部分叫做句组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即子的成分，即主语、谓语、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语定语和状语。和状语。主语和谓语主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。是句子的主体部分。主语主语(subject)表示句子叙述的主体是表示句子叙述的主体是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事物什么事物”，一般由一般由名词、名词、代词代词或或相当于名词的词相当于名词的词、短语短语或或从句从句等充当。等充当。Eg.Im from

2、 Australia.Friends are very important to me.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswas an unforgettable experience for me.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakes a man healthy,happy and wise.Whetherwellgodepends on the weather.代词名词动名词短语不定式短语从句谓语谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语用动词或动短语充当。Eg.My nameis Jenna.Imbegin

3、ning senior high school this year.充充当当谓谓语语的的动动词词系动词系动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词表语表语(predicative)说明主语的身份、特征或状态，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。Eg.Melbourneisaverybeautifulcity.Herinterestsaresimilartomine.Youlooknicetoday.AllhesaidwastohelpusimproveourEnglish.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.Wemustbeo

4、ffnow.Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.宾语宾语(object)表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。I lovetennisandbadminton.I might even visityou one day.I dont thinkhe will come today.She died a heroicdeath.They didnt promisehimanythingdefinite定语定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词，

5、由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或 从句等充当。What isyour school like?Ill makealotofnew friends over the next three years.I value friendswhoarehonest.This is indeed a most pressingproblem.There are two things tobediscussedtoday.the interests ofthepeople/a man ofgoodtemper/a child offive状语状语(adverbial)用来修饰动词

6、、形容词或副词，表示行为发生 的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通 常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语 或从句等充当。I liveinthecityofMelbourne.I canactually see the oceanfrommyhome.Please replyifyouhavetime.He came up shoulderingaspade.We completed the work fivedaysaheadoftime.Seeingthis,some students became very worried.He entered the room,hisnosere

7、dwithcold.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型(FIVEKINDSOFSIMPLESENTENCES)S+VS+VWeexercise.S+V+OS+V+OHelovessports.S+V+PS+V+PFriendsareimportant.S+v+IN O+D O S+v+IN O+D O Shewrotemealetter.S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC JennawantsChengHuitoreplytoherletter.Which type do the following sentences belong to?Which type do the follow

8、ing sentences belong to?Which type do the following sentences belong to?Which type do the following sentences belong to?Theplansoundsperfect.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.Themeetinglastedfortwohours.Heisdoingmorningexercises.主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+宾+宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+状主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+状状状状Jimbroughthissuitcasesupstai

9、rs.Shemadeherselfanewdress.Ifoundmysonfastasleep.句句句句 子子子子 的的的的 种种种种 类类类类一、一、一、一、陈述句：陈述句：陈述句：陈述句：Shearrivedquiteearly.(事实事实)/Shemayhavearrivednow.(看法看法)二、疑问句：二、疑问句：二、疑问句：二、疑问句：1一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Hasthefactorygoneintoproduction?ShallIturnontheTV?2特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whichcolourdoyouprefer?Howmuchisthistable-cloth?

10、3选择疑问句：选择疑问句：一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+第二个选择第二个选择:AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句+选择部分选择部分:Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?4反意（或附加）疑问句：反意（或附加）疑问句：Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.三、祈使句：三、祈使句：三、祈使句：三、祈使句：Besuretogetherebeforenine.Youdoitrightnow.四、感叹句：四、感叹句：四、感叹句：四、感叹句：what+感叹句：感叹句：Whatanoble-heartedmanhewas!Whatgoodnewsitis!how+感叹句：感叹句：Howwellshedances!Howfasttheyareworking!句句子子的的结结构构层层次次一、简单句一、简单句二、并列句：二、并列句：Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.Hurryup,itsgettinglate.三、复合句：三、复合句：Thereissomethinginwhathesaid.ThatsexactlywhatIamplanningtodo.四、并列复合句四、并列复合句