高一必修3Unit3-5名词性从句.ppt

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1、1.为什么叫名词性从句为什么叫名词性从句？2._整个从句相当于一个名词整个从句相当于一个名词同样作宾语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义同样作宾语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room.2.为什么要有名词性从句？为什么要有名词性从句？我知道我知道他在房间里写作文他在房间里写作文.名词能做的成分名词能做的成分,从从句都能做句都能做名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做

2、宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中-主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语1.That he will come is certain.2.I know that he will come.3.The truth is that I have been there.4.The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词1 1、连接代词：、连接代词：、连接代词：、连接代词：_._.有词义，在从句中作主语、表语

3、、宾语、或定语等。有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2 2、连接副词：、连接副词：、连接副词：、连接副词：_.有词义，在从句中作状语。有词义，在从句中作状语。有词义，在从句中作状语。有词义，在从句中作状语。3 3、连接词：、连接词：、连接词：、连接词：_.that that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if if(whether),as if(whether),

4、as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。Who,whose,whom,what,which,Whoever,whatever.whomever,whomeverwhen,where,why,how,wherever,wheneverthat,whether,if,as if（一）宾语从句一）宾语从句 观察下列例句，观察下列例句，观察下列例句，观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的宾语从句及连接词指出其中所包含的宾语从句及连接词指出其中所包含的宾语从句及连接词指出其中所包含的宾语从句及连接词:1.Idont

5、knowwhomyoushoulddependon.1.Idontknowwhomyoushoulddependon.该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是 whomyoushouldwhomyoushoulddependondependon，连接词连接词连接词连接词为为为为 whomwhom_ _ 2.2.WeallfindWeallfindititimportantthatweshouldmakeaimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.quickdecisionaboutthismatter.

6、该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是该句中宾语从句是thatweshouldmakeaquickthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatterdecisionaboutthismatter连接连接连接连接词为词为词为词为 thatthat1 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词连词连词连词thatthat一般可省略。一般可省略。一般可省略。一般可省略。I hope _everything is all

7、right.I hope _everything is all right.在以下三种情况下不能省略：在以下三种情况下不能省略：在以下三种情况下不能省略：在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1 1 1 1）当）当）当）当that that that that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个第二个第二个thatthatthatthat不能省；不能省；不能省；不能省；Everyone knew(that)the accident happened and Everyone knew(tha

8、t)the accident happened and _ she was worried.she was worried.(2)(2)介词后面的介词后面的介词后面的介词后面的thatthat不能省略不能省略不能省略不能省略。EgEg.You can depend on it that he will help you.You can depend on it that he will help you.（3 3 3 3）用）用）用）用itititit做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句I consider I consider _ necessar

9、y necessary _we should we should learn English well.learn English well.that thatit2、whether与与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。下面情况不能互换。宾语从句中的宾语从句中的宾语从句中的宾语从句中的whether whether 与与与与or notor not直接连用时，不能直接连用时，不能直接连用时，不能直接连用时，不能换成换成换成换成ifif；不直接连用，可换。；不直接连用，可换。；不直接连用，可换。；不直接连用，可换。I dont know I d

10、ont know whether whether or not the report is or not the report is true.true.I dont know I dont know whether/if whether/if the report is true or the report is true or not.not.介词后的宾语从句要用介词后的宾语从句要用介词后的宾语从句要用介词后的宾语从句要用whetherwhether引导。引导。引导。引导。It depends on It depends on _ we have enough we have enough

11、 time.time.whether whether 可与不定式连用。可与不定式连用。可与不定式连用。可与不定式连用。They dont know They dont know _ to go there.to go there.3 3.一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用面的宾语从句要用“should+should+动词原形动词原形”结构结构,shouldshould可以省略。这类动词有可以省略。这类动词有:advise,advise,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,arrange,comman

12、d,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggestorder,propose,require,request,suggest等。等。等。等。如：如：如：如：Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.4.有些动词的后面如：有些动词的后面如：like,dislike hate,appreciate等，其后的宾语从句通常用等，其后的宾语从句通常用it 做做形式宾语形式宾语Iwouldappreciateitifyoucandome

13、afavor.Idislikeitthatheisalwaysspeakingillofme.Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.1.We We believedbelieved that he

14、 _ that he _ (earn)(earn)enough money to build a house.enough money to build a house.2.The teacher told his class that light _(travel)faster than sound.3.I suggested that he_(study)harderhad earnedtravelsstudy（二）表语从句1 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，、表语从句在复合句中作表语，、表语从句在复合句中作表语，、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于位于位于位于系动词系动词系动词系动词之后之后之

15、后之后。The question was The question was whether we could go there.whether we could go there.It appearsIt appears that she is telling a lie that she is telling a lie2 2、引导表语从句的连接词、引导表语从句的连接词、引导表语从句的连接词、引导表语从句的连接词thatthat一般不省略。一般不省略。一般不省略。一般不省略。My idea is My idea is thatthat we can get more comrades we

16、can get more comrades to help in the work.to help in the work.3.从属连词从属连词As if/though翻译为翻译为“好像好像”不占成分不占成分Itseemsasifhehadknownthenews.4.Because和和why引导的标语从句引导的标语从句区分：区分：Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathehadreturnhishometown.Thatsbecausehedidntunderstandme.(Thatisbecause强调原因强调原因译：因为译：因为Thatswhyhecaughtac

17、oldyesterday.强强调结果。调结果。译：译：原因原因4.连词连词whether 引导表语从句引导表语从句HisfirstquestionwaswhetherMr.Simthhadarrivedyet.Whether不能被不能被if代替代替5.主语是表示建议，命令，要求，计划等主语是表示建议，命令，要求，计划等（suggestion，advice,order,request,proposal)等名词，表语从句要等名词，表语从句要用用should+动词原形动词原形Myproposalwasthatwe(should)notgivehimwhathewant.注意下列表语从句中连接副词注意

18、下列表语从句中连接副词where,how,why 的译法的译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方的地方.他们就是他们就是这样这样赢得这场比赛的赢得这场比赛的.这就是她这就是她为什么为什么今天早上起得这么早今天早上起得这么早的原因的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的

19、地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.固定句型:This is where This is why This is how.这就是这就是的地方的地方这就是这就是的原因的原因这就是这就是的方法的方法1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable

20、 to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when 主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether,if；连接代词；连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever

21、,whose,which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。等。【例句呈现例句呈现】观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词从句及引导词:1.What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为，引导词为 _。What is needed for a whatlong trip2.That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词

22、为，引导词为 _。3.Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为_。That Jay Zhou willWhether we willcome to my city thattravel abroad or notwhether4.Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为 _。5.It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died

23、 out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为，引导词为_。Whoever knows the whoeverwhy dinosaurs diedwhysecretout suddenly long long ago【观察总结观察总结】通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作作形式主语，而把真正的主语或

24、主语从句后形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：观察下列例句中的划线部分：1.It is not clear how the accident happened.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句2.It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.It+is+a 名词名词+that从句从句3.It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the

25、 accident.4.It is suggested that the old should go to the country side to have a rest.It+is+过去分词过去分词+that从句从句参阅自主能力测评P 63页 完成2,9,10，14,5【要点精讲要点精讲】1.what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。其规律。(1)What you lack is self-confidence.译为：译为：_你所缺乏的是自信。你所缺乏的是自信。(2)That more and more stud

26、ents are admitted into universities is true.译为：译为：_ _(3)What is needed for the program is more wisdom.译为：译为：_这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。越来越多的学生将被大学录取越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。的消息是真实的。从上面例句可以看出，从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语引导主语从句时，在句中具有从句时，在句中具有“两不两不”原则：原则：一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，当它引导的主

27、语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以可以省略。省略。Eg.It happened to him that he failed in the examinationwhat引导的从句则恰恰相反，引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作在从句中的作用为：用为：一、作句子成分主语，宾语，表语一、作句子成分主语，宾语，表语Eg.What you said is right.China is no longer what it is used to be二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体

28、的意二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。义。1.什么什么 2.代指那一切代指那一切3.感叹句感叹句Eg.What he likes best is none of my business.He said what a hard-working girl she is.【巩固练习巩固练习】用用 what 或或 that 填空。填空。(1)_ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2)_ is important to us is enough time.(3)It worries my mom _ she is beginning to ge

29、t a little fat.(4)_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.完成完成P64页页3,14WhatWhatthatWhatwhat2.whether 与与 if 引导主语从句引导主语从句 如果主语从句置于句首，不能用如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用时，也可以用if引导。引导。Its unknown whether/if he will come.【巩固练习巩固练习】用用 whether 或或 i

30、f 填空。填空。(1)It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2)_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(3)It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.(4)_ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.whether/ifWhetherwhether/ifWhether3.其它引导词其它引导词 连接代词连接代词who,which,whom,whose有有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中

31、充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever,whatever,whichever在意义上在意义上更为强调，常译为更为强调，常译为“无论无论”；连接副；连接副词词when,where,why,how等也有各自的等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。比较：比较：Eg.1.Whoever leaves the class room at last should turn off the light.2.Who will be in charge of the company is a mystery now.Whoe

32、ver=anyonewho无论是谁无论是谁疑问词疑问词 对人提问谁对人提问谁3.She wants to give her son whatever she has.Whatever=anything that 无论什么无论什么4.What he will do to solve the problem is still known.疑问词疑问词 什么什么完成完成P64 7，8【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。分析错误的原因。1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowle

33、dge.Thatthat 虽无词义但引导主语从句虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略位于句首时不能省略。if,whether 都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,但但 if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Whether3.That the professor said is of great importance.4.Where will the trees be planted ha

34、s not been decided.Whatthat 引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用引导名词性从句

35、时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remains7.It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.在在“It is requested/ordered/suggested+that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用语用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省可省略。略。(should)make名词性从句名词性从句 同位语从句同位语从句 在主从复合句中，用作同位语的在主从复合句中，用作同位语

36、的从句，叫同位语从句。同位语从句从句，叫同位语从句。同位语从句是用来解释说明前面名词的内容的是用来解释说明前面名词的内容的从句。从句。【要点精讲要点精讲】1.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，如如:idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order 等，用以说明或解释该名词的等，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。这些名词一般都具备两个具体内容。这些名词一般都具备两个特征：一、均为抽象名词；二、可以特征：一、均为抽象名词；二、

37、可以涵盖一定的信息内容。如：涵盖一定的信息内容。如：The news that our teachers heath is failing made us sad.I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.I have no idea when he will return to China.3.同位语从句通常由同位语从句通常由 that 引导，但引导，但 that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由同位语从句也可以由 whether,when,where,how 等引导。如：等引导

38、。如：The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.They raised the question where we should go.The problem whether we can eat more safely has attracted the governments attention.I have no idea why she didnt accept the nice offer.4.当先行词为当先行词为demand时，其后所跟同时，其后所跟同位语从句的谓语动词要用位语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形

39、动词原形”，其中，其中，should 也可省也可省略。除了略。除了 demand 外外,这类名词还这类名词还有有advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement ,recommendation等。如：等。如：The manager made a demand that the workers(should)finish the task ahead of time.完成完成 P 79页页1,2,5,8，10应注意的几个问题 P 771.Whether引导同为语从句不能替换成引导同为语从句不能替换成if2.分隔式同位语：有时为了保持句子结构分隔式同位语：有时

40、为了保持句子结构的平行，同位语结构与说明的名词之间会的平行，同位语结构与说明的名词之间会比其他的词分开，形成分隔式同位语。比其他的词分开，形成分隔式同位语。Eg.Wordscamethatwehadwonthematch.3.名词名词doubt后跟同为语从句若为肯定用后跟同为语从句若为肯定用whether,若用于否定句则用若用于否定句则用that.Eg.Idoubtwhethertheycanfinishtheworkontime.(宾语从句）宾语从句）ThereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegameI.用适当的关联词填空。用适当的关联词填空。1.The idea _ ma

41、n should live in harmony with nature has widely been accepted.2.The thought _ Lily will visit the Great Wall and the Summer Palace this summer is exciting.thatthat3.I have no idea _ Caplins film will be on.4.My father made a promise _ he would buy a new bicycle for me if I study hard.5.Is there any

42、possibility _ well see you this weekend?thatthatwhere6.There is no doubt _ he will tell the truth.7.The question _ he will take part in the activity or not has not been decided yet.8.I have no idea _ he can pass the difficult exam or not.thatwhetherwhether 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1.从性质上区别：同位语从句是名词性从性质上区别：同位语从

43、句是名词性 从从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明；定语从句的作用相词作进一步解释、说明；定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代词。词。The news that he was saved excited us.同位语从句The news that he told me excited me.定语从句定语从句 从引导词及其在句中的成分上的区从引导词及其在句中的成分上的区别：有些引导词如别：有些引导词如 how,whether 等可等可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语以引导同位语从

44、句，但不能引导定语从句。从句。定语从句的引导词均在从句中充当特定定语从句的引导词均在从句中充当特定的句子成分。如：的句子成分。如：I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.(that 引导同位语从句，对引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明，进行说明，that不充当句子成分。不充当句子成分。)I wont believe the fact(that)he told me.(that 引导定语从句对引导定语从句对fact进行限定，进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。在从句中充当宾语。)that在定语从句中担任句子成分，在定语从句中担任句子成

45、分，是是关关系系代代词词；在在同同位位语语从从句句中中不不担担任任句句子成分，是从属连词。子成分，是从属连词。e.g.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(定语从句定语从句)我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。The fact that we succeeded pleasedeverybody.(同位语从句同位语从句)我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。完成自主能力测评完成自主能力测评 P79 12,13,11That is the end Thank you!Example2：Sheheard

46、aterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that答答案案为为B。分分析析语语境境含含义义、句句子子结结构构和和句句子子成成分分可可知知，该该句句为为非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，先先行行词词为为aterriblenoise，且且它它在在从从句中作主语句中作主语。应将该句区别于：。应将该句区别于：Icantstandtheterriblenoise_sheiscryingloudlyA.itB.whichC.thisD.that 答答案案为为D。sheiscryingloudly是是thete

47、rriblenoise的的内内容容，且且theterriblenoise不不在在从从句句中中作作成成分分，所所以以该该句句为为同同位位语语从句从句。活学活活学活用用Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.同位语从句同位语从句Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.定语从句定语从句 Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?同位语从句同位语从句Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?The problem that you referred todoesntexist

48、atall.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句9.Word came _ a new teaching building would be built in our school next year.10.Where did you get the idea _ he would come to our office to work with us?thatthat1.The news which our team had won pleased everyone_2.I dont doubt whether he can work out the problem_3.I have been

49、 worrying about if I have hurt her feeling_4I dont know that he wants_whichthat whetherthatifwhetherthatwhat5.The reason why he didnt come is because he was ill._6.Who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold_7I think important that we learn English well_8Its not certain that the sports m

50、eet will be held_becausethatWhoWhoeverimportantit importantthatwhether9This is the suggestion which we have a trip the day after tomorrow_10China is a great socialist country is well known_whichthatChinaThat China从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.It is still under discussion _ the