高中英语-句子结构.ppt

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1、为什么要学习英语的句子结构？学好句子结构是学好英语的前提句子结构是学好英语的前提1.1.帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。2.2.帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英 语书面表达的能力。语书面表达的能力。3.3.帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选词填空等用词能力。词填空等用词能力。4.4.有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸

2、，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。u基本基本句型一：句型一：主主谓谓u基本基本句型二：句型二：主系表主系表u基本基本句型三：句型三：主谓宾主谓宾u基本基本句型四：句型四：主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾u基本基本句型五：句型五：主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补补 定语和状语是句子中的修饰成份，不列 入基本

3、句型中 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayis playinghave goneuYour father is standing there.uHis teacher came in with a book in his hand.uThe bus started and arrived there at eight

4、 oclock.练习练习u鸟在飞翔。u她的宝宝在哭。u太阳正在落山。u谁也没笑。Birds are flying.Her baby is crying.The sun is setting.No one laughed.练习练习u 你唱得很美。u 我咳了一夜。u我们很少在外边吃饭。u昨天发生了事故。You sing beautifully.I coughed all night.We seldom dine out.The accident occurred yesterday.练习练习一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的卧一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的卧室里快乐地跳着舞。室里快乐地跳着

5、舞。Atmidnight,anoldmanwhocomesfromAmericawasdancinghappilyinhisownbigbedroom.基本句型 二（是系动（是系动词）词）(表语表语)1.This2.The dinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.The book 7.Theweather8.His face issmells(闻闻)felllooks isis becameturned anEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.1).His par

6、ents are in the kitchen now.2).You looked happy yesterday.3).This song doesnt sound beautiful.4).Did your father get angry?找出下列句子中的表找出下列句子中的表语：Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworried?ABTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCDShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD练习练习

7、p今天我感觉不太舒服。今天我感觉不太舒服。p他看上去很累。他看上去很累。p你的汤味道很好你的汤味道很好。p她似乎对计划不感兴趣。她似乎对计划不感兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired.Your soup tastes very good.She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.练习练习天越来越冷了。天越来越冷了。孩子不久就睡着了。孩子不久就睡着了。他长得相当高了。他长得相当高了。听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。Itsgettingcold.Soonthechildf

8、ellasleep.Shewentpaleatthenews.Hehasgrownquitetall.（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknows laughed at understands made ate likes want said theanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。他们很快控制了病情。他们很快控制了病情。他们只是在建空中楼阁。他们

9、只是在建空中楼阁。Theysooncontrolledthedisease.练习练习练习练习 我十分欣赏你们的表演。我十分欣赏你们的表演。u 顾客顾客要求退款。要求退款。这会这会造成错误的印象。造成错误的印象。我们我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。总是交换圣诞节礼物的。Ienjoyedeveryminuteofyourperformance.Thecustomerdemandedarefund.练习练习练习练习1）Ishowedhimthephotoyesterday.Ishowedthephototohimyesterday.2）Hepassedusthepapers.=He passed the

10、papers to us.1)Myparentsboughtmeanewbag.=Myparentsboughtanewbagforme.2）Shecookedusabigmeal.=She cooked a big meal for us.常常带双双宾语（直接（直接宾语和和间接接宾语）的）的动词（分（分为A、B两两类）A：动词后加后加to give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promiseB：动词后加后加formake,buy,do,get,play,order,sing,pay她给我们

11、唱了一首英文歌曲。她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。我去给你沏点新鲜茶。我去给你沏点新鲜茶。这会省去你很多麻烦。这会省去你很多麻烦。请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。Illmakeyousomefreshtea.Pleasefetchmetodayspaper.练习练习练习练习把车钥匙递给我。把车钥匙递给我。把你们的计划用传真发给我们。把你们的计划用传真发给我们。你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？把那本书扔给我。把那本书扔给我。Pleasefaxusyourplans.Throwmethatbook.练习练习主语主语及物动词及物动词宾语宾语宾补宾补1.We2.T

12、hey3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.Theyelectedmecaptain of the team.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingin good order there.Ishouldadviseyouto get

13、the chance.Isawhimgoing upstairs.They found the house broken in.pTheycalledtheirdaughterAlice.pHisnewjobwasfoundboring.pShewasseenchattingwithNancy.pIwantyoutohelpmewiththehousework.我们把窗框漆成了黄色。我们把窗框漆成了黄色。她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3 3 他发现这工作很有意思。他发现这工作很有意思。4 4 什么使你这样生气？什么使你这样生气？Shedyedherdresslightblue.W

14、hatmadeyousoangry?练习练习练习练习 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好 你们必须保持房间干净。你们必须保持房间干净。我认为这没有必要。我认为这没有必要。不久他们就把她释放了。不久他们就把她释放了。Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Soontheysetherfree.练习练习练习练习S+v+it+adj.n(for sb)to do sth.从句从句doing sth+find possible1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth./clause.feel important Senten

15、ce patterns:Sentence patterns:形式宾语形式宾语 a rule2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause an honour 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use found it difficultthink it our dutyfor her 缺乏耐心使得她很难在英语上取得进步。缺乏耐心使得她很难在英语上取得进步。我认为掌握一门外语没有足够的练习是不可我认为掌握一门外语没有足够的练习是不可能的。能的。Lacking patience made it difficult f

16、or her to make progress in English learning.I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without enough practice.1.They work hard.1.They work hard.主主 +谓2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead.主主 +系系 +表表3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water.主主 +谓 +宾4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me

17、some seeds.主主 +谓 +直直宾 +间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主 +谓 +宾 +宾补6.Many animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓7.Hekeptmeadictionary.主主+谓+间宾+直直宾8.ShallIleaveyouthecamera?主主+谓+间宾+直直宾9.Wefindthebookveryinteresting.主主+谓+宾+宾补10.Myunc

18、leboughtmeane-dictionary.主主+谓+间宾+直直宾11.Singingmakesmehappy.主主+谓+宾+宾补12.DamingcallshiscatMimi.主主+谓+宾+宾补13.Youmustlistentoher.主主+谓+宾14.Heisascientist.主主+系系+表表7.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾8.Hebroughtadictionaryforyou.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾9.Theyappointedhimmanager.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补10.Hefound

19、itimportanttomasterEnglish.主主+谓谓+形式宾语形式宾语+宾补宾补+宾语宾语11.Theboyintheclassroomsattherequietly.主主+谓谓12.Learningnewwordsisveryuseful.主主+系系+表表定语：用来修饰限定定语：用来修饰限定_.用来修饰名词或用来修饰名词或 代词的，形容词、代词、数词、名词、代词的，形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的 词或短语都可以担任定语。词或短语都可以担任定语。定语的位置很灵活。定语的位置很灵活。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；单

20、词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。之后。名名词1.Theyare womanworkers.2.3.Tomsfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterday.4.5.Maryisabeautifulgirl.6.7.Theplayhasthreeacts.8.9.Thisisher firsttripto Europe.10.11.Chinaisadeveloping country.12.13.Ihavenothingto eat.14.15.Thosewho want to go to

21、 Tibet aretosigntheirnameshere.名名词名名词所有格所有格形容形容词 adj数数词形容形容词/序数序数词/to do 不定式不定式现在分在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句1.Guilin is a1.Guilin is a beautiful beautiful city.city.2.China is a 2.China is a developing developing country;America is a country;America is a developed developed country.country.3.There ar

22、e thirty3.There are thirty women women teachers in our teachers in our school.school.4.His 4.His rapid progress in English made us rapid progress in English made us surprised.surprised.5.Our monitor is always the first5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the to enter the classroom classroom.6.

23、The 6.The teachingteaching plan for next term has been plan for next term has been worked out.worked out.7.He is reading an article 7.He is reading an article about how to learn about how to learn English English.8.She is the girl 8.She is the girl who sings best in my classwho sings best in my clas

24、s.用来修饰动词、形容词或副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.一般表示发生一般表示发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、或相当于一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。但有的可以放在句首、句中。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.MrSm

25、ithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（

26、比较状语）1.Thebestfishswimnear the bottom.2.Ileftthevillagefive years ago.3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.4.Wellsendacarto fetch you.5.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leaving only bones6.Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singing and dancing.7.If he goes,sowillI.8.Though he is a child,heknowsa

27、lot.地点状地点状语时间状状语原因状原因状语目的状目的状语结果状果状语伴随状伴随状语条件状条件状语让步状步状语 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任由名词、数词、代词或从句担任;ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.ThepresidentofAmerica,Obama,willvisitChinanextmonth.对一句话做一些附加的解释，不影响句子成对一句话做一些附加的解释，不影响句子成分；分；通常有通常有to be honest,I think/suppose/believe)等等;To be fr

28、ank,I dont quite agree with you.一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.The students got on the school bus.v2.He handed me the newspaper.v3.I shall answer your question after class.v4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5.They went hunting together early in the morning.主语主语 定语定语 间间 接接 宾宾 语语谓语谓语 状语

29、状语 定语定语状语状语 状语状语v6.His job is to train swimmers.v7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8.There is going to be an American film tonight.定语定语 表语表语宾语宾语 状语状语 主语主语v9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10.His wish is to become a scientist.v11.He managed to finish the work in time.v12.Tom cam

30、e to ask me for advice.v13.He found it important to master English.谓谓 语语主语主语 表语表语谓语谓语 宾语宾语 状状 语语 形式宾语形式宾语 真正宾语真正宾语v14.Do you have anything else to say?v15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.v16.Would you please tell me your address?v17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.宾语宾语 定语定语插入语插入语 状语状

31、语宾语宾语 （间宾（间宾+直宾）直宾）状语状语 状语状语v18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19.He noticed a man enter the room.v20.The apples tasted sweet.形式主语形式主语 表语表语 宾补宾补 宾宾 补补 表表 语语找出句子基本结构。找出句子基本结构。1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.All of us considered hi

32、m honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.主主+系系+表表主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾6.He made it clear that he would leave the city7.At last he got home,tired and hungry.8.Trees turn green when spring comes.主主+谓谓+形式宾语形式宾语+宾补宾补+真正的宾语真正的宾语 主主+谓谓主主

33、+系系+表表9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing an English song.15.Dont get nervous.Help yourself to what you like主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补主主+系系+表表Bye-bye!