非谓语动词翻译技巧.ppt
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1、非谓语动词的翻译技巧非谓语动词的翻译技巧非谓语不定式表将来和主动动词ing:表进行和主动1.在句子中充当何成分2.只跟不定式做宾语的动词3.什么情况下需用不定式做定语4.不定式省略to的情况5.不定式的复合结构6.不定式主动表被动的情况动名词现在分词现在分词跟过去分词作状语1.只跟动名词2.动名词与不定式做主语,宾语的区别3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况动词ed:表完成和被动1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别一、不定式与动名词做主语:一、不定式与动名词做主语:1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式不定式 做主语常表示某次
2、具体的行为或将来的动作。做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。e.g.Climbing mountains is great fun.爬山很有趣。爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal.2.不定式做主语,一般用不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不当形式主语,把作主语的不 定式短语后置。定式短语后置。e.g.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3.动名词作主语有时用动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句作形式主语,把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中:尾。常见于以下句型中:Its
3、use/good/fun Its useful/nice/useless e.g Its nice seeing you again.1.Learning a language requires time and effort.2.It is not always easy to refuse invitations.3.How to solve the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.4.It takes forty-five minutes to get there by bus.5.It is no good smoking.
4、You should give it up.二、不定式与动名词做宾语:二、不定式与动名词做宾语:1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。等。e.g.He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules ag
5、ain.2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,give up,imagine.include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insist on,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(fr
6、om),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,admit to,be/get/become used to,be equal to,devoteto,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,take to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。等。3.有些动词既能以不定式作宾语,又能以动名有些动词既能以不定式作宾语,又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同,如:词作宾语。两者意思基本相同,如:begin,start,lik
7、e,hate,continue,prefer等。等。但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别,此但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别,此类动词主要有:类动词主要有:forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,cant help等。等。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事 try to do sth.设法设法,想法,想法,试图试图 try doing sth.试一试,试一试,试试看试试看 mean to do sth.打算打算,想要,想要,有,有的意图的意图 mean doing sth.意味着,意思
8、是,意味着,意思是,cant help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事不能帮忙做某事 cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事禁不住做某事1.He gave us some advice on how to learn English.2.It s a pay day,and they are waiting to be paid.3.I forgot to sign my name when I finished writing the composition.4.-You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeti
9、ng.-Well,now I regret having done that.5.She cant help to clean the house because shes busy making a cake.三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语 1.表示一定的概念,具有名词的性质时,不定式和动名表示一定的概念,具有名词的性质时,不定式和动名 词可以互换。词可以互换。e.g.My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.2.若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用若表示具体的、个别的动
10、作或有将来含义时,一般用 不定式。不定式。e.g.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.3.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g.The party was very exciting.They were very excited at the news1.Her wish is to become an engineer.2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is fishing.3.T
11、he report was so inspiring that they were all excited.4.-“You look pale.”-“I feel a little tired.”四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表示未发生的表示未发生的 动作或通常发生的某一动作。动作或通常发生的某一动作。e.g.The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last t
12、o leave.2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途用途,一般,一般 放在被修饰词的前面。放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.a washing machine(动名词做定语,(动名词做定语,=a machine which is used for washing)洗衣机洗衣机 a reading room(动名词做定语,(动名词做定语,=a room which is used for reading)阅览室阅览室3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去过去 分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。分词作定语则表示被
13、动、或完成的意义。单个分词单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。e.g.the rising sun(现在分词做定语,(现在分词做定语,=the sun which is rising)正在升起的太阳)正在升起的太阳 the changing world(现在分词做定语,(现在分词做定语,=the world which is changing)变化中的世)变化中的世界界 a moving movie 感人的电影感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音激
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