非谓语动词语法讲解讲解.ppt

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1、非谓语动词语法讲解 非谓语动词分类非谓语动词分类 不定式（to do）动词ing -ed 形式非谓语动词可以担当的成分非谓语动词可以担当的成分1.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.My hope is to see you.4.I want him to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）

2、（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）1.This cup is broken.2.This is a broken cup.3.I found the cup broken.4.Broken by Tom,the cup cant be used.过去分词一般不作主语、宾语过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语）作表语）(作定语作定语)(作宾语补足语）作宾语补足语）(作状语）作状语）1.Swimming is his favorite sport.2.He enjoys swimming.3

3、.His favorite sport is swimming.4.I found him swimming in the river.5.He is the man swimming in the river just now.6.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.(作主语）作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）(作宾补）作宾补）(作表语）作表语）(作定语）作定语）(作状语）作状语）非谓语动词的用法区别非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作不定式和动名词作宾语宾语.下列动词常用不定式作宾语：下列动词常用不定式作宾语：aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange

4、,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：He offered to help us.I didnt expect to find you hereThey refused to accept his invitationThe little boy pretended to be asl

5、eep when his mother came in(2)下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：形式作宾语：admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：Would you mind my smoking here?The girl was told to practise playing the

6、piano for three hours every day Good news keeps coming.Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm Have you finished correcting the students papers?(3)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：形式意义相近：like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.如：I prefer making(to make)an outline befo

7、re I do my oral composition We all like playing(to play)table tennisThen they began making(to make)plans for the work但是它们之间也有细微区别：To do 指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.如：I like reading books of this kind (惯常行为)I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you (具体某次行为)I prefer to stay at home today (具体某次行为)

8、He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为)(4)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式时意义不同：形式时意义不同：stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 stop doing 停下正在做的事forget to do忘记做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)如He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first timeremember to do记得要做

9、某事(此事未做)/remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做)如：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave homego on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同一件事如：She stood up and shook hands with me,and then she went on writing somethingAfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenoveltry to

10、 do企图想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)如：We tried to persuade him to go with us,but he wouldnt listenLets try doing the work some other way.mean to do (意思是)想做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事如：Revolution means librating the productive force Sorry,I didnt mean to hurt youregret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)regret doin

11、g后悔做了某事如：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam againHe regretted having told her the bad news(5)注意有些动词如：注意有些动词如：advise，permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接接不定式与接ing形式的不同形式的不同结构。结构。这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsidersbto do sth这些动词

12、后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词doing.advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsiderdoing sth.5)We all consider John_(be)an honest boy.6)Our boss forbids_(chat)during office hours.7)The rules do not permit players _(step)out of bounds.8)The boy begged to permit him_(explain).9)The young man imagine

13、d _(live)on a lonely island.10)It was useless to forbid children _(play)here.to play living to explain to step chatting to be 不定式、分词和动名词不定式、分词和动名词作作定语定语位置：位置：(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I have something important to tell you The poor children had little to eat它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。它和被修饰

14、的名词有时有动宾关系。如：There is some books for you to read (可看成：to read some books)Id like to get something to drink (可看成：to drink something)如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen)She now has nothing to worry about(可

15、看成：to worry about nothing)意义意义*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：The bridge built last year is the

16、third bridge across the river即时巩固练习即时巩固练习用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The man_(question)in the police station now is a spy2)A man_(respect)others will be respected3)she can find no one _(make)friends with4)Is there anybody _(answer)the question?5)Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference were foreigners.being

17、 questionedbeing questionedrespectingrespectingto maketo maketo answerto answerinvitedinvited6)She would be the best _(agree)the opinion 7)The matter _(discuss)is very important8)That is the way _(operate)the machine9)She was then a professor _(love)by all her students10)With much money _(spend)，the

18、 boy formed a bad habitto agreeto agreebeing discussedbeing discussedto operateto operatelovedlovedto spendto spend不定式、现在分词、过去分不定式、现在分词、过去分词作词作宾补宾补现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。在进行。如：如：I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment (看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)*不定式作宾补和宾语

19、在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。的过程。I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left legThey were made to work day and night (他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。干活。)I saw a bird caught by Tom.I saw the boy being beaten by 即时巩固练习即时巩固练习用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)I meant to buy an evening paper,b

20、ut I didnt see anyone _(sell)them.2)I know that _(be)a fact.3)Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always work hard.4)The patient was warned _(not eat)after the examine.5)Just now I saw a man_(walk)in the street,with a little girl _(seat)on his shouldersellingsellingto beto beto learnto learnnot

21、to eatnot to eatwalkingwalkingseatedseated6)The lady loved to have her luggage _(weigh).7)Who did the teacher have _(clean)the blackboard just now?8)Businesses are beginning _(develop)new methods of reaching customers.9)The thief was caught_(steal)goods in the supermarket again 10)-What happened to

22、Mr.White early this morning?-Oh，he was seen_(knock)down and the driver_(drive)awayweighedcleanto developstealingknockeddrove不定式和分词做不定式和分词做状语状语*不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。I got up only to find it was raining outside (起起来时没有料到在下雨。来时没有料到在下雨。)He was too excited to say a word (太激动了太激动了说不

23、出话，是没有预料到的情况。说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。如：如：His parents died，leaving him a lot of money(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。事。)The output of iron decreased by 23last year,reaching 80，000 tons (产量下降，到了产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。吨，这是必然结果。)ed+主句（不强调时间先后）主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句

24、和从句主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替一般式来代替.1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.2.Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.3.Having been used for many years,the bike needs repairing.4.Written in simple English,

25、the book is easy to read.5.Having been told several times,可以写成=Told several times,.he couldnt understand what I meant 即时巩固练习即时巩固练习用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)-Why was the official meeting called?-_(select)new officers2)_(get)back my story,he refused the invitation3)The beautiful girl tried to kill herself only _

26、(save)4)When_(face)with a strong enemy,they had always retreated5)_(wear)out after a long walk,Henry called and said he couldnt comeTo selectTo selectTo getTo getto be savedto be savedfacedfacedWornWorn6)He was said to have refused a gift from her,_(know)that it meant a bribe.7)The president express

27、ed his satisfaction with the co-operation,_(add)that he had enjoyed his stay here 8)The president promised to keep all the board members_(inform)of how the negotiations were going on9)_(allow)to develop his talent,he could become an excellent artist10)_(invite)to go to camping,Paul ordered a new sleeping bagknowingaddinginformedHaving been allowedHaving been invited