高级英语第四课EverydayUs.ppt

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1、Lesson4EverydayUse2AboutAliceWalkerandherworkslAliceWalker(1944-),poet,novelistandessayist.loneofthemostprominentwritersinAmericanliteratureandamostforcefulrepresentativeofwomensliteratureandblackliterature.3AboutAliceWalkerlShewasbornintoapoorruralfamilyinGeorgia,astheeighthchildofsharecropper交租耕种农

2、parents.Shegrewupinthemidstofviolentracismandpovertywhichinfluenceherlaterwritings.lWhenshewenttoSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYorkonscholarshipsintheearly60s,thecivilrightsmovementwasinfullswing.Shewasactivelyinvolvedinthemovement.Shegraduatedin1965,havingtheBA.4AboutAliceWalkerlAfterherjunioryearatthec

3、ollege,shewonascholarshipasanexchangestudenttoUganda,andKenya.ThismostprobablyhelpedhertounderstandtheAfricanculture.lAfterexperiencingthepoliticalmovementshebecameateacherofcreativewritingandblackliterature,lecturingatJacksonStateCollege,YaleanduniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.5AboutAliceWalkerHer

4、works:lThe Third Life of Grange Copeland(1970);lMeridian(1976);lIn Love and Trouble:Stories of Black Women(1973);lThe Temple of My Familiar(1989);lThe Color Purple(1982)6AboutAliceWalkerlAthemethroughoutWalkersworkisthepreservationofblackcultureor“heritage”,andherwomencharactersforgeimportantlinksto

5、maintaincontinuityinbothpersonalrelationshipsandcommunities.lWalkerswomencharactersdisplaystrength,endurance,andresourcefulness机敏inconfrontingandovercomingoppression(racismandsexism)intheirlives.lBlackwomenarecalledthemuleoftheworld,becausetheyhavebeenhandedtheburdensthateveryoneelserefusedtocarry-A

6、liceWalkerI.Background1.AliceWalkersEarlyLifeDateofBirth:February9,1944Birthplace:Eatonton,GeorgiaParents:WillieLeeandMinnieLouGrantWalker,whoweresharecroppersMarriage:MelLeventhal,aJewishCivilRightsactivist/lawyerChild:Rebeccabornin19692.Education:1961-1963Spelman,acollegeforblackwomeninAtlanta1963

7、-1965BAfromSarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYork(oncetraveledtoAfricaasanexchangestudent)I.Background3.Career1983receivedthePulitzerPrizeforThe Color Purple(1982)1984startedherownpublishingcompany,WildTreesPress4.PointsofViewFtheCivilRightsMovementFtheWomensMovementFtheAnti-apartheidMovementTheColorPurpleBa

8、sedonAliceWalkersPulitzerPrize-winningnovel,TheColorPurpleistherichlytextured不平的,decades-spanningstoryofCelie,anuneducatedwomanlivingintheruralAmericansouth.Forcedtomarryabrutalmanshecalls“Mr.,”CelieturnsinwardandshareshergriefonlywithGod.Butsheistransformedbythefriendshipoftworemarkablewomen,acquir

9、ingself-worth.andthestrengthtoforgive.ThefilmlaunchedtheHollywoodcareersofWhoopiGoldbergandOprahWinfreyandgleaned拾11OscarnominationsincludingBestPicture.II.DiscourseAnalysisElementsofNarrativeTime:unknownVenue:HomeCharacters:“I”,Maggie,Dee(Wangero)Asalamalakim,BigDee,GrandmaDeePlot:MaggieandIareread

10、ytohaveDeebackTheRelationshipbetweenDeeandITheContrastbetweenDeeandMaggieTheClimax:GrandmasQuiltsTheme:TheHeirloomQuilts:DisplayVSEverydayUseII.DiscourseAnalysisStructurePara12:MaggieandIArewaitingforSomeoneImportantPara316:TheRelationshipamongDee,Maggieand“I”“I”:alarge,big-bonedwomanwithrough,man-w

11、orkinghandsDee:“No”isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoherMaggie:ahomely,weakandshygirlPara1782 MeetingwithDeePara17-20 DeecamewithhernewboyfriendandnewnamePara21-43 TheName:DeePara44-82 TheArgumentonGrandmasQuiltsSettinglEverydayUse”issetinthelate60sorearly70s.ThiswasatimewhenAfrican-Americanswerestr

12、ugglingtodefinetheirpersonalidentitiesinculturalterms.Theterm“Negro”hadbeenrecentlyremovedfromthevocabulary,andhadbeenreplacedwith“Black.”lTherewas“BlackPower,”“BlackNationalism,”and“BlackPride.”ManyblackswantedtorediscovertheirAfricanroots,andwerereadytorejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage,whichwasfi

13、lledwithstoriesofpainandinjustice.SettinglIn“EverydayUse,”AliceWalkerarguesthatanAfrican-AmericanisbothAfricanandAmerican,andtodenytheAmericansideofonesheritageisdisrespectfulofonesancestorsand,consequently,harmfultoonesself.SheusestheprincipalcharactersofMama,Dee(Wangero),andMaggietoclarifythisthem

14、e.PlotAtthefirst,motherandMaggiearepreparingofreceivingDee,theotherdaughteroftheheroine.AndfromthepreparationtheymadewecanseethattherelationshipbetweenMotherandDeeisalienated疏远的疏远的;therelationshipbetweenthetwosistersisunfriendlyandtense.Thentheauthormadesomedescriptionaboutthethreecharacters,especia

15、llyaboutmotherandDee.ThenDeeandherboyfriendscome,andshechangedhername,andthereissomeinformationaboutherboyfriend.AndatlastshepointoutthatshewantthequiltthatgrandmalefttoMaggieAtlastDeeleaveswithoutthequilt,andwhensheleavebothmotherandMaggiefeelrelieved.ThemelIn“EverydayUse”AliceWalkerrevealsaconflic

16、tbetweenamother,Mrs.Johnson,andhertwodaughters.TheauthoralsoshowsauniqueheritageofAfrican-Americans.ThecentralthemeofthestoryisthewayinwhichfamilymembersofthesameAfricanAmericanfamilyhonortheirheritage.PointofViewlInthisshortstory,theauthorusesthefirstpersonpointofview.Heremotheristhestoryteller,and

17、shemakesveryvividdescriptionofherselfandhertwodaughters,DeeandMaggie.CharacterizationlMamaisanuneducated,yetpracticalcharacter.Mamalovesandrespectsherancestors,asisunderstoodinherdescriptionandtreatmentofthequilts:TheyhadbeenpiecedtogetherbyGrandmaDeeandthenBigDeeandmehadhungthemonthequiltframesonth

18、efrontporchandquiltedthem.inbothofthemwereGrandpaJarrellspaisleyshirts.Andoneteenyfadedbluepiece.thatwasfromGreatGrandpaEzrasuniformthatheworeintheCivilWarThequiltsareimportanttoMamaasadirectconnectionbetweenherselfandthosebeforeher.lWalkeralsousesthebutterchurnasasourceforMamasinherentunderstanding

19、ofheritage:Itookitforamomentinmyhands.youcouldseewherethumbsandfingershadsunkintothewood.Itwasbeautifullightyellowwood,fromatreethatgrewintheyardwhereBigDeeandStashhadlivedAsWhiteexplains,WhenMamatakesthedasherhandleinherhands,sheissymbolicallytouchingthehandsofallthosewhouseditbeforeher.Herpractica

20、lnatureandappreciationforheritagedistinguishesherfromhertwodaughters,andrepresentsthecomplex,historicalimportanceoftheAfrican-Americanculture.DeeDeeisaselfishandegotisticalcharacterwithasuperficialunderstandingofherinheritance.ShecharacterizestheconfusionandmisguidanceofyoungAfricanAmericansinthelat

21、e60sand70s.Thisisapparentinherinteractionswithhermotherandsister.AsSextonnotes,Dee“considersherselfascultured,andbeyondtheabased低微的低微的qualityoftheliveslivedbyhermotherandsister).ShemakesherfeelingsclearwhensheattemptstotakethequiltsMamahadpromisedtoMaggie:Maggiecantappreciatethesequilts.shedprobably

22、bebackwardenoughtoputthemtoeverydayuse.lNotonlyissheconformingtotheworstofAmericanideals,butsheisrejectinganddisrespectingherownculturalheritage-allunderthepretensesofpreservingit.Itisinthissensethatsheistheembodimentofthestruggleforaunifyingidentity,becauseshehasnotyetcometounderstandherplaceinsoci

23、etyasbothanAfricanandanAmerican.MaggielMaggieisasimplisticandgood-heartedperson.Sheunderstandsthetruemeaningofheritage.Justashersisterasserts,Maggieisbackwardenoughtoputthequiltstoeverydayuse.ButwhatDeefailstorecognizeisthatindoingsoMaggieispreservingtheancestralimportanceofthequilts-thatis,utilitar

24、iannecessity.lWalkerreinforcestheculturalsignificanceofMaggiescharacterwhenMamarefusestoallowDeetohaveherway:“IdidsomethingthatIneverhaddonebefore:huggedMaggietome,thendraggerheronintotheroom,snatchedthequiltsoutofMissWangerosDeeshandsanddumpedthemintoMaggieslap”Thisis,asBakerandPierce-Bakerindicate

25、d,hermothers“conferralofanancestralblessing”(164).Maggiewantstomaintainalastingconnectionwithherheritage,andbothMamaandthereaderrecognizethis.SherepresentsthoseamongtheAfrican-Americancommunitythatseektopassontheirheritagewithoutdiminution减少betweengenerations.23CulturalContextlBlackPowerMovementlAli

26、ceWalkersanswerinEverydayUse24BlackPowerMovementlThemovementforBlackPowerintheU.S.cameduringtheCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s.lThiswasatimewhenAfrican-Americanswerestrugglingtodefinetheirpersonalidentitiesinculturalterms.AfricanAmericansweretryingtogainracialequalityandcalledforself-determinationandr

27、acialdignity.25lTheywereseekingtheirculturalrootsinAfrica,thesloganBlackisbeautifulandarenewalofinterestandprideinAfricanheritagearose.ManyblackswantedtorediscovertheirAfricanroots,andwerereadytorejectanddenytheirAmericanheritage,whichwasfilledwithstoriesofpainandinjustice.26AliceWalkersanswerinEver

28、ydayUse-challengestheBlackPowermovement,andblackpeopleingeneral,toacknowledgeandrespecttheirAmericanheritage.ThehistoryofAfricansinAmericaisfilledwithstoriesofpain,injustice,andhumiliation.ItisnotaspleasingasacolorfulAfricanheritagethatcanbefabricated.Itisarealheritagethatiscomprisedofrealpeople:peo

29、plewhoaredeservingofrespectandadmiration.27l-showsthatcultureisneithernamechangesnorspeakingaforeigntongue.Onescultureandheritagearetaught,fromonegenerationtothenext,notsuddenlypickeduporacquired.Apersonwhopossessesrealheritageandculturemakeuseofiteverydayoftheirlife.28Textanalysis(Para.3-4)lThesepr

30、ograms:NationalBroadcastingCompany(NBC)stelevisionshow“ThisisYourLife,”withRalphEdwardsasproducerandmasterofceremonies,inwhichpeoplewerepubliclyandtearfullyreunitedwithfriends,relatives,andteacherstheyhadnotseeninyears.Theprogramairedfrom1952to1961and1970to1973.29lJohnnyCarson:JohnnyCarson,infullJoh

31、n William Carson(bornOct.23,1925,Corning,Iowa,U.S.diedJan.23,2005,LosAngeles,Calif.)U.S.televisionpersonality.Heworkedasaradioannouncerandtelevisioncomedywriterbeforehostingseveraltelevisionquizshows(195562).Asthelong-standinghostofTheTonightShow(196292),hewasnotedforhiswry幽默的monologues,comedysketch

32、es,andgenial可亲的banter轻松的谈话,andtheprogrambecameastapleforalargeandfaithfullate-nightaudience.JohnnyCarsonTheTonightShowhasalong,successfulhistory-anditshowsnosignsofcoolingoff.Itstarteditsrunalmost50yearsago,backin1954.SteveAllenwasthefirsthost.HewassucceededbyJackPaarin1957,andJohnnyCarsontookoverth

33、ereinsin1962.JohnnywastheKingofLateNightfor30years,untilheretiredin1992.JayLenohasbeenthehostsincethen.Overthreemillionpeoplehavesatinthestudioaudienceandenjoyedtheshow.31BlackMuslimslBlackMuslimsisawidelyusednamefortheadherentsofanAmericanblacknationalistreligiousmovement.lThereligiousorganizationw

34、asfoundedinDetroit,Michigan,in1930byWallaceFard.FardarguedthatAfricanAmericanscouldobtainsuccessthroughdiscipline,racialpride,knowledgeofGod,andphysicalseparationfromwhitesociety.ldoctrines:blackselfrelianceandseparationfromthewhitesociety,eveneconomically.32-HesaysthatheacceptsthedoctrinesofMamasMu

35、slimneighborsbuthedoesntlikethehardworkoftheireverydaylife.-HesaysthathedoesnoteatcollardgreensandporktraditionalAfrican-AmericanfoodshesymbolicallydenieshisheritagedespitehiscomplicatedAfricanname.Thissuperficiality,onthepartofbothDeeandHakim-a-barber,isrepresentativeofthemanyblackswhojumpedontheBl

36、ackPowerbandwagonwithnorealdedicationtoitsrootcauses.pigtail&ponytailModelAcar:lin1909HenryFordmass-produced15millionModelTcarsandthusmadeautomobilespopularintheStates.In1928theModelTwasdiscontinuedandreplacedbyanewdesign-theModelA-tomeettheneedsforgrowingcompetitionincarmanufacturing.Herehethinkssh

37、eisquaint奇怪的,attractivebecauseitisstrangeandsomethingratheroldfashionedFordsModel-TFordsModel-A37SymbolismandCharacterizationin“EverydayUse”l“EverydayUse”isapoignant深刻的narrativethatdescribestherelationshipbetweenfamilymembersthroughcreativesymbolismandfinecharacterization.lThroughsymbolismandcharact

38、erization,Walkerteachesamorallessonaboutheritage,identity,andtheroleofthetwointhelivesofthecharactersandaudience.Thestoryassertsthatfamilyhistoryshouldbeapartofeverydaylife.38SymbolismlSymbolism,theassociationofameaningorthemetoanitem,isusedinthisnoveltogivetheirreaderagreaterunderstandingofeachchar

39、actersinnerthoughts.Walkerlinkedthesecharacterswiththefollowingsymbols:39lOfallofthesymbolsinthestory,nooneimageisasstrongasthatofthequilts:lQuiltslThesymbolismofthequiltconveysthatthemostgenuinemeansofcelebratingonescultureistopracticeitsidealsonadailybasisratherthantoadmireitsrelicsforaestheticapp

40、eal.lchurntopanddasher40lhouseAsthehouseburns,eachcharacterspositionaroundthehousedirectlyrelatedtohowtheyfeelabouttheirfamilybackground.Maggiefeltthatthehousewasapartofher.ForMaggie,thehouseheldmemoriesofherandherfamily.Asherdressfelloffherinlittleblackpaperyflakesinthefire,partsofherwerelostwithth

41、ehouse.Dee,ontheotherhand,wasfarfromthehouse,steadilyconcentratingontheburninghouseuntilitwascompletelydestroyed.Deedidnotdesiretobeassociatedwithherfamily,likeshedidnotwanttobeassociatedwiththehouse.41lMaggiesscarsaresymbolicofthescarsthatallAfrican-Americanscarryasaresultofthe“fire”ofslavery.lHaki

42、m-abarberisimportanttothestoryasasymbolofthenewlifethatDeehaschosen.42l“SheDeepinsonmydressalargeorchid,eventhoughshehastoldmeoncethatshethinksorchidsaretackyflowers”(2377).ItisinterestingthatbypresentingDeesfraudulent欺骗的naturethroughthesymbolismoftheorchidpinning,shesaysnothingaboutrefusingtheflowe

43、r.43CharacterlRoundcharacterlRoundcharactersembodyanumberofqualitiesandtraits,andarecomplexmultidimensionalcharacterswiththecapacitytogrowandchange.Theyhavemoredepthandrequiremoreattention.lFlatcharacterlFlatcharactersarethosewhoembodyorrepresentasinglecharacteristic,trait,orideaoratmostaverylimited

44、numberofsuchqualities.Flatcharactersusuallyplayaminorroleinthestoriesinwhichtheyappear.44lDynamiccharacterlDynamiccharactersexhibitsomekindofchangeasthestoryprogresseslStaticcharacterlStaticcharactersremainthesamefromthebeginningofaworktotheend.45CharactersinEverydayUse:l1)Deearoundcharacterlfashion

45、able,rebellious,strong-mindedandill-temped,asenseofvanitylasymbolofthemodernblackwomenlsuperficialloveofblacktradition46l2)Maggieaflatcharacterldocile,timid,shy,good-temped,kind-heartedandunselfish,astrongsenseofinferioritylinherenceofblackculture,genuineloveofblacktraditionlasymbolofthetraditionbla

46、ckweakwomen47l3)“I”aflatcharacterluneducatedbutsensiblelphysicallystrongbutspirituallyweak,asenseofinferioritylcherish“grandmaseverydayuse”lasymboloftheblackworkingwomen:themajorityofblackwomenV.RhetoricalDevices1.Simile：a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two different things but ha

47、ving quality or characteristic in common.To make the comparison,words like as,as.as,as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.lIamthewaymydaughterwouldwantmetobe:.myskinlikeanuncookedbarleypancake.lMaggiesbrainislikeanelephants.lWangerosaid,sweetasabird.lSheg

48、aspedlikeabeehadstungher2.Ellipsis:afigureofspeechwhichomitscommonlyusedwordsorphrases.lDee,though.lDee,next.V.RhetoricalDeviceslMetaphor:e.g.WangerosenteyesignalsovermyheadlMetonymy:OutshepeeksnextwithaPolaroid.lIrony:“WhatdontIunderstand?”Iwantedtoknow.“Yourheritage,”shesaid.lOnomatopoeia:Likewhen

49、youseethewrigglingendofasnakejustinfrontofyourfootontheroad,“Uhnnnh”.Dee叛逆者bright,confident,smart，beautiful,well-educatedlikestoproduceherselfMother捍卫者physicalstrength,mentaltoughness,thegood-hearted,down-to-earthMaggie继承者lackofself-confidence,shy,conservative,inheritingAfricaAmericancultureMotherse

50、emstorangebetweenthem,bothMaggiesconservative,andquietsideandDeesindependence,strongside.1、Meetagain2、Takephotos3、Discussionaboutname4、havedinner5、EverydayuseMaggieDeeandmotherMaggielovesherfamilyandknowsaboutitshistoryandtraditions,shecantellthenamesofherancestorsbyheartandknowsabouttheirhistory.Au