英语中考复习专题ppt课件名词.ppt

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1、第一讲语法第一讲语法 专题专题1名词名词 the Great Wall,Lilybooks.deskswater milk meat food information news advice paper women men teethtwo pieces of paper.a bottle of water a cup of,a box of 名词变复数规则变化名词变复数规则变化1 直接加直接加s books pens 2 以以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加结尾的加es boxes watches buses 3以以 辅音字母辅音字母加加y结尾结尾 把把y变变i加加es families cit

2、ies4 boys54以以f,fe结尾的变为结尾的变为v加加es knife-knives wifewives leaf-leaves shelf-shelves thiefthieves 65 以以O结尾的结尾的有生命有生命的加的加es 无生命无生命的加的加s heroes tomatoes potatoes photos radioswoman-womenboy students girl friends men teachers women doctorsPeople-people名称总称(谓语用复数)单数复数中国人the ChineseChineseChinese日本人the Japa

3、neseJapaneseJapanese英国人the EnglishEnglishmanEnglishmen法国人the FrenchFrenchmanFrenchmen加拿大人the CanadiansCanadianCanadians澳大利亚人the AustraliansAustralianAustralians美国人the AmericansAmericanAmericans印度人the IndiansIndianIndians意大利人the ItaliansItalianItalians某国人某国人变变复数，口复数，口诀诀：中日不：中日不变变英法英法变变，其余，其余s加后面加后面（6

4、）不同国家的人的单复数）不同国家的人的单复数 1 much a little little 只加不可数名词 2 many a few few ,several,a number of只加可数名词 3 some,any,plenty of,a lot of 可加可数也可加不可数名词所有格名词所有格双重所有格of+名词所有格of+名词性物主代词s 所有格of 所有格考考 点三点三 名词所有格名词所有格 的的 s ofShe is (Lily and Lucy)motherThey are (Lily and Lucy)mothersHe is a friend of (Lilei)变复数变复数 m

5、an child babyman scientist city wolf Lily and LucysLilys and LucysLileis易混词 family 家庭 home 家乡 house 房子 voice 人的声音 sound 自然界的声音 noise 噪音 job 工作 可数 work 工作 不可数 problem 难题难以解决的问题 question 可问可回答的问题【注意注意】1(1)family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数族成员或班级成员时视为复数1)Hisfamily is ahapp

6、yfamily.他的家庭是个幸福的家庭。Hisfamilyare watchingTV.他家人在看电视。2)Thisclassconsists of45students.这个班级由45名学生组成。Thisclassare studyingEnglishnow.这个班的学生正在学习英语。2 有些名词既可以作为不可数名词，又可以作为可数名词有些名词既可以作为不可数名词，又可以作为可数名词glassroomexperiencetime work可数玻璃杯房间经历次、倍著作不可数玻璃空间经验时间工作orange lightpaper hair exercise可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发练习题不

7、可数橘汁光纸头发锻炼chickenfish lifeyouthturkey可数小鸡鱼/鱼类生命青年人火鸡不可数鸡肉鱼肉生活年轻、青春火鸡肉身兼二身兼二职职的名的名词对词对照表照表Exercises1)Hereissome_onthebestcitiesforyourstudyingabroad.A.informationB.ideaC.suggestionD.exam2)IamreallysorryImlate.IhopeIdidntcauseyou_.A.toomuchtroubleB.somanytroublesC.muchtootroubleD.somoretroubles3)Would

8、youlike_tea?No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo_.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforangesAAB4)Imsohungry.Pleasegiveme_toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD.threepieceofbread5)Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass6)Weneed

9、tocomeupwithan_andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news7)Yesterdayshegaveme_onlearningChinese.A.someadvicesB.anadviceC.manyadvicesD.someadviceBDCD8)Afew_werehurt,butno_werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life9)Iseverythingreadyforthepicnic?Wehav

10、entmuch_forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.appleB.breadC.tomatoD.bean10)Iwanttwo_,couldyougivemeonemore,please?A.applesB.appleC.milkD.orangeBBA随堂练习:名词所有格练习1._(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2.This is_(我妹妹的语文书)3._ _(学生们的桌椅)are very new.4.Please open_ (教室的门).5.September 10th is _in China.A.Teachers Day

11、B.Teachers Day C.Teacher Day D.Teachers DayLi Mings parentsmy sisters Chinese bookThe students desks and chairsthe door of the classroomB6.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms7.Thisismy_dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sistersMaryC.sisterMarysD.sistersMarys8.Joanis_.A.MarysandJacks

12、isterB.MaryandJackssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister9.Thefootballunderthebedis_.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys10.Itsabout_walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutesACBDB走进中考1.Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A.20 years B.20

13、years C.20-years D.20-years2._ room is big and bright.They like it very much.A.Tom and Sam B.Toms and Sam C.Tom and Sams D.Toms and Sams AC3.-Would you like some drinks,boys？-Yes,_,please.A.some oranges B.two boxes of chocolates C.some cakes D.two bottles of orange4.Its over _from Shijiazhuang to Be

14、ijing.A.three hours drive B.three hours drive C.three hours drives D.three hours driveDA5.Id like a _ for dessert.Fruit,you know,is good for health.A.potato B.banana C.candy D.Pie6.Cici enjoys dancing.Its one of her _.A.prize B.prizes C.hobby D.hobbiesBD7.I dont think looking after children is just

15、_(woman)work.8.The father was _(pride)of his sons efforts at school.9.Many schools hold several _(festival)of music or sports every year.10.They have invited a _(science)to give them a speech on space.womensproudfestivalsscientist11.Mrs.Chan told us to write as _(care)as we could.12.We need eleven _

16、(play)for our soccer team.13.Computer is one of the greatest _(发明).I cant imagine life without it.14.Ill show my collection of _(邮票)to the class.carefullyplayersinventionsstampsThanks for listening 近义词辨析近义词辨析（1）family,house 与与homefamily指“家，家庭”，可强调家庭中的全体成员，不指住房；home作“家”讲，指人们生活居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境；house有“

17、住宅，家”之意，强调房屋和居住地点。Ihaveabig_(家庭).My_(家人)areverykind.Heleft_(家)forBeijing.Theylivedinasmall_(房子).homehousefamilyfamily（2）job与与workjob是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”；work是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、用功。Hehasbeenoutof_.Heneedstofinda_tomakemoneyforhisfamily.Hesucceedbecauseofhishard_.LiLingwantstobeasinger.Shethinksitsani

18、nteresting_.workworkjobjob（3）voice,noise与与soundvoice是“嗓音”；noise是“吵闹声”，指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；sound是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。Atthefootofthehillyoucouldhearnothingbutthe_(声音)oftherunningwater.Thelittlegirlhasa(甜美的嗓音).Letthechildrengoaway.Theyremakingsomuch_here.Irecognized(辨认出)heratonce.（4）problem与与question 两个词都表示“问题”。pr

19、oblem总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与之搭配的动词是solve；question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种“问题”是有待回答的”，常与动词answer连用。Heaskedmesome_(问题).Unluckily,Icouldntanswerhis_(问题).Itsdifficultformetoworkoutthemath_(问题)bymyself.soundvoicenoisesweet voicequestionsquestionsproblem5.Whereismyfather?Heslefta_(便条)sayingth

20、athesintheoffice.Weareabletogetthe_(信息)weneedfromtheInternet.Weveheardallthe_(新闻)ontheradio.messageinformationnews6.Thisisthe_wherewecanplaytennis.这是我们打网球的地方。Thereisalotof_toplaytennis.有足够的空地打网球。placeroom/space名词分类分类名词的数数名词的所有格所有格名词的句法功能句法功能专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词可数名词不可数名词的数单数复数物质名词抽象名词规则变化不规则变化Of

21、所有格的构成及用法S所有格的构成及用法双重所有格主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语名词知识框架图名词分类分类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词一、名一、名词词的分的分类类1.专有名词：专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.物物质质

22、名名词词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood抽象名抽象名词词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest、success、happiness不可数不可数名名词词可数可数名名词词 个体名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window集体名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、class、group、police、people有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同1)Youshouldtakemore_.Dontalwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour_.2）YesterdayIb

23、oughtsomeinthesupermarkettomakejuice.3）Excuseme,couldyoupleasemoveoveralittleandmakesome_forme?The_isverycrowded.4)LuXunisfamousforhishard_.Welikereadinghis_.5)Thisisthefirsttimeintheir_toskiontheApls.A.lifeB.lifesC.livesexerciseexercisesorangesorangeroomroomworkworkslife名词的数数可数名词不可数名词的数单数复数规则变化不规则变

24、化二、名词的数二、名词的数情况构成方法例词规则变化一般情况加scake-cakes;day-days;bed-beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加esbus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i,再加esbaby-babies;city-cities以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v，再加esleaf-leaves;wolf-wolves以o结尾1.加es 2.加stomato-tomatoes;photo-photos不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母aa改为eman-men;woman-womenoooo改为eetooth-teeth;foo

25、t-feet单复数形式相同单复数形式相同fish-fish;sheep-sheep;deer-deer;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese其他形式mouse,childmouse-mice;child-children（1）名词复数形式变化规则表）名词复数形式变化规则表（2）名名词单词单数数变变复数口复数口诀诀1.以以-f或或fe结结尾的名尾的名词变词变复数：复数：leafhalfselfwifeknifeshelfwolfthief树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。注：有些以注：有些以-f或或-fe结结尾的尾的词词直接加直接加-s

26、变为变为复数。如：复数。如：roof-roofs屋顶；proof-proofs证据；chief-chiefs首领；belief-beliefs信仰2.关于以关于以o结结尾的尾的单词变单词变复数加复数加es的情况：的情况：Negroheropotatotomato黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿（5）只有复数形式的名词）只有复数形式的名词trousers,glasses,thanks,clothes,goods,chopsticks（3）名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是）名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man,woman，变复数时，前后两个，变复数时，前后两个名词全都要变成复数的形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，

27、只需把后面的名词名词全都要变成复数的形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式变成复数形式manteacher-menteachersboystudent-boystudents（4）数数词词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl名词的数量不可数名不可数名词词的数量的数量不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式。常考的不可数名词有：music,fun,news,information,adv

28、ice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,practice,wool,education等。a）数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词如：apieceofnews(一条新闻)；twobottlesofwater(两瓶水)；fourpiecesofadvice(四条建议)；sixpiecesofpaper(六张纸)b）some,any,much,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,abitof,enough,agood/greatdealof可数名可数名词词的数量的数量a）数词或冠词+可数名词

29、b）some,any,many,few,afew,alotof,lotsof,several,a(large/great)numberof,plentyof,asetnumberof,enough写出下列短语1)许多麻烦2)两杯茶3)一条建议4)许多面包5)一些大米6)两条新闻much troubletwo cups of teaa piece of advicemuch breadsome ricetwo pieces of newsExercises1)Hereissome_onthebestcitiesforyourstudyingabroad.A.informationB.ideaC.

30、suggestionD.exam2)IamreallysorryImlate.IhopeIdidntcauseyou_.A.toomuchtroubleB.somanytroublesC.muchtootroubleD.somoretroubles3)Wouldyoulike_tea?No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo_.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforangesAAB4)Imsohungry.Pleasegiveme_toeat.A.threebre

31、adB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD.threepieceofbread5)Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass6)Weneedtocomeupwithan_andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news7)Yesterdayshegaveme_onlearningChinese.A.someadvicesB.anadviceC.manyadvicesD.someadviceBDCD8)Afew_

32、werehurt,butno_werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life9)Iseverythingreadyforthepicnic?Wehaventmuch_forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.appleB.breadC.tomatoD.bean10)Iwanttwo_,couldyougivemeonemore,please?A.applesB.appleC.milkD.orangeBBA名词所有格名词所有格双重所有格of+名词所有格of+

33、名词性物主代词s 所有格of 所有格三三、名词所有格名词所有格名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是一种是s所有格，所有格，另一种是另一种是of所有格。所有格。如：如：Beijing is Chinas capital./Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。北京是中国的首都。注意注意(s所有格所有格)LilyandLucysmotherLilysandLucysmothers用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同关系时，只在最后一个名词后加s。theboysmother;thetw

34、oboysmother;Jamesbrother以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加,不以s结尾的词，在词尾加s。atthedoctors=atthedoctorsoffice表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加上s代表全称。注意注意(s所有格所有格)Whose pen is this?Its Toms.名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。somebody elses pencil 由some,any,no,every,与one/body结合起来的复合不定代词如someone,everybody,nobody等和else连用时,s应加在else后。tod

35、ays news;ten minutes ride;the worlds population 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加s或 来构成所有格。注意（注意（of所有格）所有格）of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。a map of the world the windows of the room the title of the film用于名词化的词。盲人的拐杖 the sticks of the blind 修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。黑猫的又长 又美的尾巴 the very long and graceful tail of the black c

36、at表示有生命的东西的名词，有时也可以用of所有格。例如the children of the family那家的孩子们*某些of所有格和s所有格可以互换。the son of a poor peasant a poor peasants son 一个贫农的儿子由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。一个五岁的女孩 a five-year-old girl一个十天的假期 a ten-day holiday 一次十五分钟的谈话 a fifteen-minute talk 一把两米长的尺子a two-meter-long ruler 注意：时间，长度等表

37、度量的词可以用所有格做定语a ten days holiday;a fifteen minutes talk;ten minutes walk随堂练习:名词所有格练习1._(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2.This is_(我妹妹的语文书)3._ _(学生们的桌椅)are very new.4.Please open_ (教室的门).5.September 10th is _in China.A.Teachers Day B.Teachers Day C.Teacher Day D.Teachers DayLi Mings parentsmy sisters Ch

38、inese bookThe students desks and chairsthe door of the classroomB6.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms7.Thisismy_dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sistersMaryC.sisterMarysD.sistersMarys8.Joanis_.A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister9.Thefo

39、otballunderthebedis_.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys10.Itsabout_walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutesACBDB写出下列短语母亲节两小时的路程两天的假期妇女节我姐姐的一个朋友一条八米宽的河Mothers Daytwo hours drive/ride/walka two-day holidayWomens Daya friend of my sistersan eight-meter-wide

40、river四、名词的句法功能四、名词的句法功能主语 MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.表语 Hisfatherisascientist.宾语 Weloveourgreatmotherland.定语 Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowers.同位语 MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.宾语补足语 Theycallmeteacher.走进中考1.Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A.20 years B.20 years C.20-years D.20-years2

41、._ room is big and bright.They like it very much.A.Tom and Sam B.Toms and Sam C.Tom and Sams D.Toms and Sams AC3.-Would you like some drinks,boys？-Yes,_,please.A.some oranges B.two boxes of chocolates C.some cakes D.two bottles of orange4.Its over _from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A.three hours drive B.

42、three hours drive C.three hours drives D.three hours driveDA5.Id like a _ for dessert.Fruit,you know,is good for health.A.potato B.banana C.candy D.Pie6.Cici enjoys dancing.Its one of her _.A.prize B.prizes C.hobby D.hobbiesBD7.I dont think looking after children is just _(woman)work.8.The father wa

43、s _(pride)of his sons efforts at school.9.Many schools hold several _(festival)of music or sports every year.10.They have invited a _(science)to give them a speech on space.womensproudfestivalsscientist11.Mrs.Chan told us to write as _(care)as we could.12.We need eleven _(play)for our soccer team.13

44、.Computer is one of the greatest _(发明).I cant imagine life without it.14.Ill show my collection of _(邮票)to the class.carefullyplayersinventionsstamps近义词辨析近义词辨析（1）family,house 与与homefamily指“家，家庭”，可强调家庭中的全体成员，不指住房；home作“家”讲，指人们生活居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境；house有“住宅，家”之意，强调房屋和居住地点。Ihaveabig_(家庭).My_(家人)areveryki

45、nd.Heleft_(家)forBeijing.Theylivedinasmall_(房子).homehousefamilyfamily（2）job与与workjob是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”；work是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、用功。Hehasbeenoutof_.Heneedstofinda_tomakemoneyforhisfamily.Hesucceedbecauseofhishard_.LiLingwantstobeasinger.Shethinksitsaninteresting_.workworkjobjob（3）voice,noise与与soundvo

46、ice是“嗓音”；noise是“吵闹声”，指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；sound是指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。Atthefootofthehillyoucouldhearnothingbutthe_(声音)oftherunningwater.Thelittlegirlhasa(甜美的嗓音).Letthechildrengoaway.Theyremakingsomuch_here.Irecognized(辨认出)heratonce.（4）problem与与question 两个词都表示“问题”。problem总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与之搭配

47、的动词是solve；question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种“问题”是有待回答的”，常与动词answer连用。Heaskedmesome_(问题).Unluckily,Icouldntanswerhis_(问题).Itsdifficultformetoworkoutthemath_(问题)bymyself.soundvoicenoisesweet voicequestionsquestionsproblem5.Whereismyfather?Heslefta_(便条)sayingthathesintheoffice.Weareabletogetthe_(信息)weneedfromtheInternet.Weveheardallthe_(新闻)ontheradio.messageinformationnews6.Thisisthe_wherewecanplaytennis.这是我们打网球的地方。Thereisalotof_toplaytennis.有足够的空地打网球。placeroom/space