[高三英语]高考形容词和副词复习课件.ppt

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1、Adjectives&AdverbsAdjectives&Adverbs形容词和副词形容词和副词高三高三英语复习语法专题英语复习语法专题考考 点点 分分 析析1 1、形容词和副词的基本用法；、形容词和副词的基本用法；2 2、形容词和副词的位置；、形容词和副词的位置；3 3、形容词和副词的级别；、形容词和副词的级别；4 4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。形容词的基本用法1 1、后置定语问题、后置定语问题形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在 名名 词的词的前边。但是前边。但是下列情况要下列情况要 后置后置：present(在在 场的，出席的场的，

2、出席的),involved(有关的有关的),concerned(相关的相关的),left(剩下的剩下的),objecting (反对的反对的),mentioned (提及的提及的),selected(当选当选的的)the teachers concerned(与与事情事情)有关有关 的老师的老师们们 the concerned teachers(忧心忡忡的老师）忧心忡忡的老师）f.下列情况也要后置：下列情况也要后置：a.some,any,no,every a.some,any,no,every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如：语要后置如：something new;

3、nothing serious;anything something new;nothing serious;anything interestinginterestingb.else b.else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobody else is so silly as you are.Nobody else is so silly as you are.c.c.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置。如：语要后置。如：something to eat /the house

4、belonging something to eat /the house belonging to meto me Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college at college？d.d.以以 a-a-开头的形容词做定语要后置如：开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike,alive,alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awakealone,asleep,afraid,awa

5、ke 如：如：He is the only man awake at that time.He is the only man awake at that time.巩固练习：巩固练习：1._ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A.Brave enough studentsB.Enough brave students C.Students brave enoughD.Students enough brave2.There is _ to hold the water.A.not

6、hing big enough B.nothing enough big C.big enough nothing D.enough big nothingCA2 2、以、以-ly ly 结尾的形容词结尾的形容词1 1）大部分形容词加大部分形容词加-ly ly 可构成副词。但可构成副词。但 friendlyfriendly，deadlydeadly，lovelylovely，lonelylonely，likelylikely，livelylively，uglyugly，brotherlybrotherly，manly,timely,worldly(manly,timely,worldly(老于

7、世老于世故的故的)仍为形容词。仍为形容词。改错：改错：She sang lovely.She sang lovely.He spoke to me very friendly He spoke to me very friendly Her singing was lovely.Her singing was lovely.He spoke to me in a very friendly wayHe spoke to me in a very friendly way.2 2）有些以有些以-ly ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词结尾既为形容词，也为副词。dailydaily，weeklywee

8、kly，monthlymonthly，yearlyyearly，earlyearlyThe Times is a daily paper.It is published The Times is a daily paper.It is published daily.daily.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：“县官县官行令涉国才用行令涉国才用”限定词限定词(these，those)+数量形容词数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词容词(1arge

9、，1ong，high)+新旧新旧(old)+颜色颜色(red)+国籍国籍(Chinese)+材料材料(Wood)+用途用途(writing)+被修饰名词被修饰名词(desk)another three English books另外三本英语书 a11 these last few days最近的这些日子 some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 a high red brick wall一堵高高的红砖墙 a beautiful white Japanese military jeep请大家试试请大家试试opshacorm这个为帮助记忆这个为帮助记忆 o

10、pshacorm中中op代表代表opinion，指表示人们，指表示人们观点的形容词，如观点的形容词，如horrible，1ovely，nice等；等；sh代表代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round，narrow等；等；a代表代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如o1d，new，young等；等；c代表代表c典型例题表示颜色的形容词，如典型例题表示颜色的形容词，如red，black，orange等；等；or代表代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canad

11、ian，German等；等；m代表代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，等。，等。常见形容词的比较 1).worth-worthy-worthwhile1).worth-worthy-worthwhile 2)alike 2)alike（相似的，类似的）（相似的，类似的）-like-likely-like-likely 3)dead-deadly 3)dead-deadly（致命的，死一般的致命的，死一般的）advadv（非常，死一般地）非常，死一般地）-a-a deathlydeathly silence silence（死一般的沉默

12、）（死一般的沉默）4)historic4)historic（有历史意义的，历史上著名的（有历史意义的，历史上著名的）-historical-historical（历史（历史的，史学的）的，史学的）5)live-lively-alive-living5)live-lively-alive-living 6)possible-probable-likely 6)possible-probable-likely 7)valueless 7)valueless（无价值的，不值钱的无价值的，不值钱的-priceless(-priceless(无价的，极贵重无价的，极贵重的）的）8)respectable

13、(8)respectable(可敬的可敬的/正派的正派的/体面的）体面的）-respectful-respectful(表示敬意的表示敬意的)-respected)-respected（受人尊敬的）（受人尊敬的）A respectable man is respectful to others.A respectable man is respectful to others.9)healthy(9)healthy(健康的健康的)-healthful()-healthful(有益于健康的有益于健康的)The air at seaside is healthful to us.So all of

14、 us are The air at seaside is healthful to us.So all of us are healthy.healthy.副词的基本用法1.1.副词副词 enough enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词形容词 enough enough 放在名词放在名词前后前后都可。都可。2.A:2.A:基本句型：基本句型：such+(a)+adj.+n./so+adj.such+(a)+adj.+n./so+adj.+a+n.+a+n.B:such B:such 后可加各种名词，而后可加各种名词，而soso后面只能加单后面只能加单数名

15、词；数名词；C:so C:so 可加可加 many,much,few,little many,much,few,little 等，而等，而suchsuch不能。不能。3.3.“cannot/nevercannot/nevertoo/enough too/enough”是一种固定是一种固定的表达方式，意为的表达方式，意为“越越就越好就越好”4.The little girl couldnt work theproblem,because she wasnt _ clever.a.Enough b.much c.That d.rather注意：that除了做代词外，还可以做副词，等于SO，翻译为如

16、此，那么。常用副词的比较注意下面兼有两种形式的副词注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 1.1.close close 与与 closelyclosely close close意思是意思是“近近”；closely closely 意思是意思是“仔细地仔细地”He is sitting close to me.He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.Watch him closely.2.2.late late 与与 latelylately late late意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately lately 意思是意思是“最近最近”You have co

17、me too late.You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?What have you been doing lately?3.3.deep deep 与与 deeplydeeplydeepdeep意思是意思是“深深”，表示时间和空间深度；，表示时间和空间深度；deeplydeeply时常时常 表示感情上的深度，表示感情上的深度，深深地深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.He pushed the stick deep into the mud.He often works

18、 deep into the night.He often works deep into the night.Even father was deeply moved by the film.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high 4)high 与与 highlyhighlyhighhigh表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highlyhighly表示程度，相当于表示程度，相当于muchmuch The plane was flying high.The plane was flying high.I think highly of your

19、 opinion.I think highly of your opinion.5)5)wide wide 与与 widelywidelywidewide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widelywidely意思是意思是“广泛地广泛地”，“在在许多地方许多地方”He opened the door wide.He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.English is widely used in the world.6)6)free free 与与 freely freely free free的意思是的意思是 免

20、费免费；freely freely 的意思是的意思是 无限制地无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.各组副词的各组副词的 用用 法区别法区别 1)just(1)just(正好，恰好正好，恰好)-just now()-just now(刚才）刚才）2)rather-

21、fairly 2)rather-fairly（相当，颇）（相当，颇）rather可以和可以和比较级形容词或者比较级形容词或者too连用连用，fairly则不则不能能 My brother is rather better today fairly偏褒义，偏褒义，一般是好的，修饰一般是好的，修饰 nice,good,well,bravely fairly good 相当好相当好。rather偏贬义，一般指不好的，修饰偏贬义，一般指不好的，修饰bad,ugly,stupid rather terrible极为糟糕。极为糟糕。3)sometime-sometimes-some times-some

22、time 3)sometime-sometimes-some times-some timesometime副词：某个时候副词：某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候；。可指过去或将来的某个时候；形容词：前，过去的。意思类似形容词：前，过去的。意思类似formersometimes 副词：有时候副词：有时候。顺便提一下，。顺便提一下，at times也是也是“有时有时”的意思。的意思。some time 某段时间。常与某段时间。常与for连用连用。some times 好几次好几次。time作可数名词时可作作可数名词时可作“次数次数”解；解；4)hard-hardly-rarely-scarcel

23、y hard adj.硬的硬的 adv.努力地努力地；hardly adv.几乎不几乎不 表示否定的意思表示否定的意思 rarely adv.极极 难得难得 不大不大 罕有罕有 scarcely adv.几乎不，简直不，一几乎不，简直不，一就就scarcely.whenhardly.whenbarely.whenno sooner.than 一一就就 5)most-mostly-almostMost 多数，大多数多数，大多数almost用于副词、名词、形容词、动词、限定词及代词之前，两用于副词、名词、形容词、动词、限定词及代词之前，两种意思：种意思：1）表示）表示“几乎，差不多几乎，差不多”，

24、Dinners almost readyHes almost six feet tall（2）用于）用于no，nobody，none 之前，表示之前，表示“实际上，简直实际上，简直”等，如：等，如：Almost no one believed himmostly表示表示“几乎，全部，大多，多半，大体几乎，全部，大多，多半，大体”等等，如：，如：Were mostly out on Sundaysat most:ad.至多至多(不超过不超过)Winter is the slack season at most hotels.6)nearly-almost 几乎几乎1.两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形

25、容词、副词、动词、两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用介词短语等，此时两者常可换用修饰动词时，通常放在动词之前；修饰形容词、副词、名词等时，通常放在被修饰词语之前Its almost nearly impossible.Almost Nearly all the students passed the exam.2.almost 可用于 any 以及 no,none,nobody,nothing,never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 不能。Almost any man can do it.3.nearly 前可用 very,pretty,not 等词

26、修饰，但 almost 之前不能 The car is pretty nearly new.4.有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly。如：Our cat understand everything hes almost human 注：注：not nearly 意为意为“远非远非”,very nearly 意为意为“几几乎乎”，_ no one believe her.The speaker said _ nothing worth listening.I have$20,but that isnt _enough for the journey.alm

27、ost almost nearlynearlyAlmost Almost 形容词和副词的级别1表示倍数的常见句型：times as+形容词原级+asThis table is 3 times as big as that one times the+性质名词+ofThis table is 3 times the size of that onetimes+形容词比较级+thanThis table is twice bigger than that onetimes+倍数+that of+times+倍数+what引导的名词性从句The income of this year is thre

28、e times that of2008=the income of this year is three times what was in 2008.说明：说明：1 1）在）在 否定句或疑问句中可用否定句或疑问句中可用soso as as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.He cannot run so/as fast as you.2 2）当）当asas asas 中间有名词时采用以下格中间有名词时采用以下格式。式。as+as+形容词形容词+a+a+单数名词单数名词+as+asas+many/much+as+many/much+名词名词+as+asThis

29、is as good an example as the other This is as good an example as the other is.is.I can carry as much paper as you can.I can carry as much paper as you can.3)3)区分区分as far as as far as 远到远到，就，就而言而言 as long as as long as 只要只要,有有之久之久 as soon as as soon as 一一.就就 as well as as well as 既既.又又 as good as=ver

30、y nearly as good as=very nearly 与与.几乎几乎一样，几乎，简直一样，几乎，简直 2.1)2.1)程度词程度词 a bit,a little,rather,much,a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,evendeal,any,still,even,等词可修饰比较等词可修饰比较级。除级。除 外，还可以用表示倍数的词外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以或度量名词作修饰语。

31、以 上词上词 ，必，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前须置于比较级形容词或副词的前 面。面。而而 by farby far 一般置于比较级之后和最高一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。级之前。He is cleverer by far than her This is(by)far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.2)the+比较级the+比较级 越越.3）比较级+and+比较级 越来.越.4）the+比较级+of the two 两个中较5）比较级+than+any other+单数名词 all（the)other+复数名词 anyone else an

32、y of the other+复数名词 the rest of the+复数可数与不可数China is larger than any other country in Asia.e.ge.g Mike is the most intelligent in his Mike is the most intelligent in his class.class.Mike is more intelligent than any Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.other student in his cl

33、ass.6)6)“否定词语否定词语 +比较级比较级”，“否定词否定词语语 +so+so as as”结构表示结构表示最最 高级高级含义。含义。Nothing is so easy as this.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.=This is the easiest thing.I couldn I couldnt agree with you more!t agree with you more!注意

34、注意1)1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 thethe，副词最高级，副词最高级前可不用。前可不用。The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race.race.形容词形容词 most most 前面没有前面没有 thethe，不表示最高级的含义，不表示最高级的含义，只表示只表示“非常非常”。It is a most important problem.=It is a very It is a most important p

35、roblem.=It is a very important problem.important problem.2)2)下列词可修饰最高级，下列词可修饰最高级，by far,far,much,by far,far,much,mostly,almostmostly,almostThis hat is nearly/almost the biggestThis hat is nearly/almost the biggest.注意：注意：a.very 可修饰最高级，但位置与可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。不同。This is the very best.This is much the be

36、st.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3 3、和、和moremore有关的词组有关的词组 1)1)the morethe more the more the more越越就越就越The harder you workThe harder you work，the greater progress youthe greater progress youll ll make.make.2)more B than A2)more B than A与其说与其说A A不如说不如说B less A than

37、B B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.3)no more3)no more than than 与与一样一样(不不)，不比，不比多多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no lessno less than than与与一样一样 He is no less diligent than you.He is no less diligent than you.4)more than4)more than不只是，非常不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.She is more than kind to us all.