(精品)ResearchLing0701.ppt

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1、Introduction to LinguisticsLecture 1An Introduction to the CourseCourse Description lThe course is aimed at the basic theories and principles of linguistics,as well as the best known issues and discoveries of language studies.Participants are aided to implement these theories and principles to analy

2、ze language phenomena,solve language problems and improve their own language competence.1/10/20232Teaching ApproacheslUnlike the traditional way of teaching,a complete student-centered model is to be practiced in this class.It is a research-oriented class and participants are required to do research

3、 about the topics concerned,and contribute in class discussions or seminars.l1.Topics to be discussed will be given to the students one week earlier.Participants are required to do reading and research for the next class.l2.The instructor is not to cover everything of each chapter,but rather listen

4、to the report or presentation of the students,and then make comments,or illustrate some difficult points.l3.Each participant should feel free to join in the class discussion.Those contribute most in the activity will be given extra credits.l4.Group-work The class is divided into ten study groups wit

5、h 6 members in each group.Research topics will be assigned to the study groups.Each group will have a chance to hold a seminar about their topic,and give a presentation about their findings.l5.Office hours Each class member is required to talk with the instructor at least two times a term about thei

6、r academic study.Results will be kept in file as important reference for their final grade.l6.Tutoring A teaching assistant is in the position of tutoring two hours a week besides the instructors office hours.l 7.AssessmentlThe total score of the course is 500,made up oflQuizzes 10*10=100lClass cont

7、ribution 150lOffice hours 100lCourse paper 150l(Paper work 100+presentation 50)lGrades will be given in the proportion of percentage against the total scores you are granted.The Course PaperlA thesis of 2000 words is required for the course.You can choose any topic about language.Remember the DUE TI

8、ME is December 20,not the end of the semester.So you are highly recommended to start early.No excuse is accepted for delay of the paper.Serious penalty is waiting for you if you forget about the thesis:one days delay can make you lose 10 points,and a weeks delay means you fail in the paper.In additi

9、on,after you finish your paper,you will be given a chance to do a brief presentation in class.Reference Booksl1.何兆熊，梅德明，现代语言学，外语 教育与研究出版社，1999，北京l2.胡壮麟，语言学教程（修订本），北 京大学出版社，2001年，北京l3.胡壮麟，姜望琪，2002，语言学高级教程，北京大学出版社l4.Fromkin,Victoria and Rodman,Robert.1998.An introduction to language.6th Ed.Harcourt Br

10、ace College Publishers.l5.Fromkin,Victoria,Rodman,Robert and Hyams,Nina.2003.An introduction to language.7th Ed.Harcourt Brace College Publishers.l Questions for Chapter 1l1.What is linguistics?l2.Why is linguistics a science?l3.How many subfields are there in linguistics?What is the scope of study

11、of each subfield?l4.How is Saussures distinctions of“langue”and“parole”related to and different from Chomsky distinctions of“competence”and“performance”?Chapter 1 Introduction of linguisticsl1.What is linguistics?-The DefinitionlLinguistics is the scientific study of language.2.Scopes of linguistics

12、lGeneral linguisticsstudies linguistics as a whole.lPhoneticsstudy of soundslPhonology-study of the system of sounds,how they are combinedlMorphologystudy of the structure and formation of wordslSyntaxstudy of sentences,rules governing sentence makinglSemanticsstudy of meaning in isolationlPragmatic

13、s-study of meaning in contextlSociolinguisticsstudy of the social aspects of languagelPsycholinguisticsstudy of how human beings acquire language Scopes of linguisticslApplied linguisticsGeneral sense:the application of the theories and principles of linguistics to other areas.lNarrow sense:the appl

14、ication of the theories and principles of linguistics to language teachinglNeurolinguisticsdeals with the way in which language is presented in the brainlHistorical linguisticsconsiders how language changes over time in pronunciation,syntax,and meaninglStylistics and poeticsstudy literary language a

15、nd how it achieves its effectslDialectologyobserves how language varies across geographical or social boundarieslComputational linguisticslook at languages as essentially formal systems,which could be mastered by machines3.Some important distinctions of linguisticsl3.1 prescriptive vs.descriptivelpr

16、escriptiveTraditional Grammar taught to learners of a language is basically prescriptive.It tells the reader“how they should say”laying down rules for“correct”behaviorldescriptive describes and analyzes the language people are currently speaking.It deals with“what people actually say”l3.2 synchronic

17、 vs.diachroniclsynchronicdescription of a language at some point in time is a synchronic studyldiachronicthe study of a language as it changes through timel3.3.speech and writinglspoken language:primary,more basic,precedes written form in language development,more practical than written form,hard to

18、 recordlspeech:permanent,can be recordedl3.4.langue and paroleby the Swiss linguist F.de Saussure llangueabstract systems shared by all members of a speech communitylparolethe realization of langue in actual usel3.5 competence and performanceN.Chomskylcompetencelearners knowledge of a languagelperfo

19、rmancethe actual realization of the knowledge in real linguistic communicationlQuestions and topics for the next class:l1.What is language?l2.Give at least four ways of defining language.l3.How do animals communicate?What are the factors that distinguish human beings from other animals?l4.Introduce

20、some language or dialect that is dead or dying.l5.What is phonetics?l6.What organs are involved in the production of speech sounds?l7.How do we pronounce a sound?l8.How can we transcribe sounds?l9.What are the criteria to classify consonants?And Vowels?2.What is language?l 2.1.Definition:Language is

21、 a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.l2.1.1.Language is a system.l2.1.2.Language is arbitrary.l2.1.3.Language is vocal.l2.1.4.Language is symbolic.l2.1.5.Language is human specific.l2.1.6.Language is used for communication.2.2.Design features of language.l2.2.1.arbitrarinessl2.2.2.productivityl2.2.3.dualityl2.2.4.displacementl2.2.5.cultural transmission