1grammar定语从句.ppt

《1grammar定语从句.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《1grammar定语从句.ppt（57页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、a skya tree a buildinga man 定语bluebig tallstrong前置前置定语定语:修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语从句定语从句TheTheAttributive ClauseAttributive ClauseWhat is it?Lets learn it carefully!a bridgebirdsfisha cat定语over the riverin the skyin the seaunder the tree后置后置一.定语从句的概念在复合句复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从从句句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先先行词行词，定语从句一般放

2、在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词关系词。定语从句定语从句三要素三要素：先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句定语从句：一般紧跟在先行词之后的从句。：一般紧跟在先行词之后的从句。定语从句的构成定语从句的构成 两个简单句：两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.找出两个简单句的共有成分找出两个简单句的共有成分(找到先行词找到先行词

3、)确定主句；（翻译）确定主句；（翻译）将从句中的共有成分去掉；将从句中的共有成分去掉；并用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词并用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后之后先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.关系关系代词代词Maryisagirl.Agirlhaslonghair.I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/which is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I like some friends.Some frien

4、ds like sports.I like frineds who/that like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends the handsome(英俊英俊)the tallthe strong the cleverthe honestboyboyThe boy is Harry Porter.The boy who is handsome is Harry Porter.The boy who is tall is Harry Porter.The boy who is strong is Harry Porter.The boy who is clever is Tom.

5、The boy who is honest is Harry Porter.二、关系词的用法：关系词关系词1 1、关系代词、关系代词、关系代词、关系代词2 2、关系副词、关系副词、关系副词、关系副词:1）指人：）指人：that,who,whom,whose2）指物：）指物：that,which,whosewhen,where,why 引引导定语从句是用关系副词还是导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要关系代词，要看关系词在从句中充当的看关系词在从句中充当的成份成份。若若充当状语充当状语，则，则用关系副词用关系副词；若；若充当主语或宾语充当主语或宾语，则，则用关系代词用关系代词。（一）关系代词的

6、用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1、指人、指人：whowhomthatwhoseExamples:Sheisthegirl_sellsflowers.Hereistheman_youarelookingfor.Ihaveafriend_fatherisadoctor.主语主语主语主语/（宾语宾语宾语宾语）（宾语宾语宾语宾语）主语主语主语主语/（宾语宾语宾语宾语）定语（表所属关系）定语（表所属关系）定语（表所属关系）定语（表所属关系）who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose)(2、指物、指物：thatwhichwhoseExamples:Footballisagame_islikedby

7、mostboys.Thisisthepen_Iboughtyesterday.Ilikethebook_coverisred.=Ilikethebook_thecoverisred.=Ilikethebook,_isred.主语主语主语主语/（宾语宾语宾语宾语）主语主语主语主语/（宾语宾语宾语宾语 ）定语定语定语定语（相当于（相当于（相当于（相当于of whichof which）whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.which/that()which/thatwhoseof whichthe cover of whichThoughIcantre

8、membereverything_happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,Istillremembersomepeopleandthings_wererelatedtoMissBrown,_usedtobemonitorinourclass.Ifyouwanttoknowwhotheladyis_Ireferredtoinmydiary,Icantellyouitsher,MissBrown.Hereisastory_makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow.Oneafternoon,sheandIarrivedinNewYork,_wewo

9、uldlookforwardto.Wewenttothebiggestbookshopin_thereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold.There,ThoughIcantremembereverything_happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,Istillremembersomepeopleandthings_wererelatedtoMissBrown,_usedtobemonitorinourclass.Ifyouwanttoknowwhotheladyis_Ireferredtoinmydiary,Icantellyoui

10、tsher,MissBrown.Hereisastory_makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow.Oneafternoon,sheandIarrivedinNewYork,_wewouldlookforwardto.Wewenttothebiggestbookshopin_thereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold.There,thatthatwhothatthatwhichwhich考点一：考点一：that和和which以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词every

11、thing，little，much，all，anything，nothing,none,few时时,5.先行词前有先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，修饰时，先行词被先行词被all,any,every,little,much,no,some,theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，修饰时，2.先行词同时先行词同时指人和指物指人和指物时，时，3.在在以以which/who为疑问词为疑问词的特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问句中4.在在thereis/hereis/itis句型中句型中Oneafternoon,sheandIarrivedinNewYork,whichwew

12、ouldlookforwardto.Wewenttothebiggestbookshopinwhichthereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold.There,shepersuadedmetoreadeverygrammarbookthatcouldoffermeknowledgeofgrammarandbuyadictionarywhichIcouldlookupthenewwordsin.考点二：以下情况只能用考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可其先行词可是一个词是一个词,也

13、可是整个主句或主句的某一部也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。分。3.句句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了已经用了that引导时引导时2.先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时MissBrownalsoboughtthesamebooksasIdid.Justwhenweleftthebookshopandwerereadytogobacktoouruniversity,abigmanstoppedusandrobbedmeofmynecklace.考点三：关系代词考点三：关系代词as的用法的用法thesameas表示表示同一类同一类人或物

14、；人或物；thesamethat指指同一个同一个人或物人或物1)直接引导定语从句直接引导定语从句:作用相当于作用相当于whichHewaslate,as/whichisoftenthecase.Asanyonecouldseeit,theywereveryupset.2)与与such连用连用,引起定语从句引起定语从句Therearenosuchwritersasyoumention.Itgavehimsuchashockthathisfaceturnedwhite.3)与与same连用连用,引起定语从句引起定语从句如此如此以至于以至于 as 与与 which的区别的区别 1).The meet

15、ing,_was held in the park,was a great success.2).I will read as many books_are required.3).She has married again,_ was unexpected.)._is known to us all,Taiwan is a part of China.whichwhichAsasShe wore the same dress _her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样样的裙子。的裙子。She wore the same dress _she

16、wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在她穿着她在玛丽玛丽婚礼上穿婚礼上穿过过的一条的一条裙子裙子。asthat1.which的的先先行行词词可可以以是是名名词词，也也可可以以是是句句子子的的一部分或代替整个句子一部分或代替整个句子；which从句从句不能放句首不能放句首;2.as 一般代替整个句子一般代替整个句子,从句则可以放从句则可以放句首句首,句中或句尾句中或句尾,表示表示“正如正如”，“或像或像一样一样”。例如：例如：as is known,as everyone knows,as is said,as often happens,as you can see,as it

17、 is;当当先行词前有先行词前有as,so,such,the same 修饰修饰时时,关系代词常用关系代词常用as。总结总结:三三.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”用法用法：1.介词的位置：介词的位置：观察下列例句总结：观察下列例句总结：Eg:Imtalkingtotheman.Themanismyteacher.（合二为一（合二为一,theman作主语）作主语）Themanwho/whom/thatIamtalkingtoismyteacher.ThemantowhomIamtalkingismyteacher.总结：一般情况下，介词可前可后。总结：一般情况下，介词可前可后。注意：注意：关系代

18、关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关关系代词系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可用不可用that或或who代替代替The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin 介词的确定介词的确定提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词与先行词动词与先行词习惯搭配习

19、惯搭配I bought many books,on which I spent all my money.(on 是依据是依据spendon结构来确定的）结构来确定的）方法二方法二:根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定Ill never forget the time during which I spent mychildhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。（我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。（the time 习习惯上可与惯上可与during/in/at 构成搭配，表示构成搭配，表示“在某段时间内在某段时间内”。方法三、

20、根据所表达的意思来确定方法三、根据所表达的意思来确定The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。.“介词+关系代词”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或者数词(1)He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many

21、 apples，some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.知识拓展：有些知识拓展：有些“动词动词+介词介词”短语如果分开会失去短语如果分开会失去原有的意义，此时不可把介词置于关系代词前。原有的意义，此时不可把介词置于关系代词前。Eg:care for(关心，喜欢关心，喜欢),deal with,hear from,look after.Is this the watch that you are looking for?

22、The old man whom I am looking after is better.介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况练习练习1.Doyoulikethebook_shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook_sheoftentalks?on whichfor whichfrom whichabout which注意：注意：当先行词是当先行词是theway(表方式表方式)时，关系词要时，关系词要用用that或者或者inwhich,或者可以省

23、略。或者可以省略。Eg:Idontliketheway_youspeak.(that/in which)1.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.定语从句定语从句我将永远忘不了我将永远忘不了_那一天。那一天。我入团我入团的的when I joined the League.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词=on which在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当时间状语时间状语when Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.明天我要去明天我要去_那个小镇。那个小镇。我出生我出生的的 wh

24、ere I was born.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系副词关系副词=in which在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当地点状语地点状语where I really dont know the reason why he was late again.我真的不知道我真的不知道_原因。原因。他再次迟到他再次迟到的的 why he was late again.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系副词关系副词=for which在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当原因状语原因状语why小结小结：四四.关系副词关系副词whenwherewhy在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当时间状语时间状语在定语从句中充

25、当在定语从句中充当地点状语地点状语在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当原因状语原因状语相当于相当于介词介词+which+which注：注：(1)其他表示抽象概念的其他表示抽象概念的“情况、方面情况、方面”如如:case,point,condition,后加后加where引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，相当于相当于in/underwhich:Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehes

26、likelytolosecontroloftheplane.先行词是表先行词是表时间时间、地点地点、原因原因的名词，引的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要要看关系词在从句中充当的成份看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若。若充当充当状语状语，则，则用关系副词用关系副词；若；若充当主语或宾语充当主语或宾语，则则用关系代词用关系代词。注意：注意：(2)区分下列句子：区分下列句子：Eg:1.Iwillneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.whe

27、n/in which（which/that）区分下列句子：区分下列句子：Eg:3.Thisisthefactory_myfatherworkedlastyear.4.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedyesterday.where/in which（which/that）区分下列句子：区分下列句子：Eg:5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegavetome.why/for which（which/that）区分下列句子：区分下列句子：Eg:7.Thereason_IwaslateisthatImetanoldfrie

28、nd.8.Thereason_Iexplainedatthemeetingisreasonable.（which/that）why/for which1).a.I saw some trees,and the leaves of _ were black with disease.b.I saw some trees,the leaves of _ were black with disease.2).a.The professor is a little man,on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses b.The professor is a l

29、ittle man,and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨:是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim _易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句 1).a.The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b.The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.2).a.I made a promise _ if anyone set

30、me free,I would make him very rich.b.The mother made a promise _ pleased all her children.that(that/which)that/whichthat解题点拨解题点拨：that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句是对其先行词的是对其先行词的修修饰或限制饰或限制；在句中；在句中作成份作成份(作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指物时可用whichwhich代替；而代替；而同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词的是对前面名词的说明和解释说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份不充当成份，不

31、能省略，不能省略,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 1)a.It is in this room _I lived last year.b.It is the room _I lived last year.2)a.It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.b.It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型：强调句型：Itis/was+被被强调的成强调的成份份+that/who+其它部分其

32、它部分;去掉去掉 It is/was.that/who,句子照样成立句子照样成立;而定语从句而定语从句的的引导词在句中要作成份引导词在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句Find the mistakes and correct:1.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.thatas1）错用引导词；）错用引导词；常见错误常见错误.Hangzhou,where

33、 we spent last spring there,is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2）定）定语语从句中的被替从句中的被替换换成份没有去掉。成份没有去掉。.She is the only one of the girls in our class who have been to the United States.).定定语语从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词在人称和数上在人称和数上 应应与与先行先行词词一致一致has_专题专练专题专练1.Doyouthinksuchaplace_youspeakofisworthvisiting?

34、2.HepromisedtocometoseemeonpurposeonSunday,_Idoubtverymuch.3.Thereisalakenearourschoolyard,_depthisoutofyourexpectation.4.-Doyouhaveanythinginmind_youdlikeforsupper?5.-Well,anythingisOkforme.6.5.Thehousein_heusedtolivehasturnedintoalibrary.aswhichwhosethatwhich6.Studentsinourschool,mostof_arefromthe

35、southofChina,enjoyriceverymuch.7.Canyouthinkofasituation_thisidiomisused?8._isoftenthecase,teachersinourschoolusuallyreturntoschoolonSundayevenings.9.Whichistheroad_leadstothevillage_youwereborn?10.ThenewcomerisfromJiangxi,_Icantellfromhisaccent.whomwhereAsthatwherewhich=inwhich1我昨天买的书很有趣。我昨天买的书很有趣。

36、.2你找到了你正在找的自行车吗？你找到了你正在找的自行车吗？3我看到了一些叶子是黑色的树。我看到了一些叶子是黑色的树。4正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。5他出生在一个远离这个城市的镇上。他出生在一个远离这个城市的镇上。TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish（翻译）（翻译）ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinterestingHave you found the bike(that/which)you are looking for?I saw some trees whose leaves were blackThe girl who/that is playing the piano over there is our monitor.He was born in a town that/which is far away from this city.