高三英语阅读理解课件.ppt

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1、高三高三英语专题复习英语专题复习英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧阅读理解的要求阅读理解的要求英英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书报，杂志为考试范围：书报，杂志为考试范围：1理解语篇主旨大意理解语篇主旨大意2理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息3根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义4根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理5理理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系6理解作者的观点，意图和态度理解作者的观点，意图和态度阅读理解对学生提出如下能力要求阅读理解对

2、学生提出如下能力要求一一题材分析能力题材分析能力二二题干分析能力题干分析能力三三猜词能力猜词能力四综四综合应用语言能力合应用语言能力高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体，即般有这样几种文体，即记叙文、记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文论述文。不同的文体有不同的不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。段落组织方式和脉络层次。题材分析能力从阅读题的题干入手，题目从阅读题的题干入手，题目可分为以下三种类型可分为以下三种类型w细节理解题细节理解题w主旨判断题主旨判断题w推理判断题推理判断题题干分析能力细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题就

3、是我们常见的细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们题，它们大多是根据文章中的大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用一般是先用寻读法寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案

4、。对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept_.3)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat_.4)Thereasonfor.is.5)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).6)Fromthepassageweknowthat_.Ma

5、ny American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families.They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms.They got little education.Washington and Lincoln,for example,never went to school and they taught themselves.Lincoln once did jobs of a worker,shop-keeper and post officer in his e

6、arly years.A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army.The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D.Eisenhower.Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Militar

7、y Academy(西点军校)1Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWarC.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarII.Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonigh

8、t”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competi

9、tion，she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.2However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing，singing，making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any m

10、ore.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin

11、 moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.Miss Asia of 1991,Born in Shanghai,designed Asia TV Station 主旨判断题：主旨判断题：主旨判断题就是考查文章的大意，考主旨判断题就是考查文章的大意，考查学生归纳总结能力，一般我们可根查学生归纳总结能力，一般我们可根据如下几个因素来判断：据如下几个因素来判断：短文标题、短文标

12、题、主题主题大意大意段落段落大意大意主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1 1）TheThegeneralgeneral/main/mainideaofthepassageisabout_ideaofthepassageisabout_ 2 2）WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing bestbest statesstates thethe themetheme ofof thethepassagepassage？3 3）Inthispassagetheaut

13、hordiscussesInthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarilyprimarily_ 4 4）ThepassageisThepassageismostlymostlyabout_about_ 5 5）ThepassageisThepassageismainlymainlyconcernedabout_concernedabout_ 6 6）WhatisWhatisthemaintopicthemaintopicofthepassageofthepassage？7 7）WhatisWhatisthebesttitlethebesttitleforthepa

14、ssageforthepassage？8 8）ThesubjectThesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_discussedinthistextis_9）Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto10）Thepassageismeantto.11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto技巧技巧：w1.认真阅读文章的认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句。后一句。w2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反反复出现的中心词复出现的

15、中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题，即高频词，也叫做主题w3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。的提示后。例如：例如：wOnthewhole,inshort,thereforewIagreewiththeopinionthatwForallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldpreferw掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。需要同学们注意。1 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就

16、以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。误以为是主题。2 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are

17、 sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may

18、 become normal citizens again.They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.3wQ:Whatisthetopicofthetext?wA.Young Thieves.wB.An Unusual Illness.wC.Reasons for Stealing wD.A Normal Childs Actions.Topic

19、Sentence:Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.5 You dream each night,even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important

20、for the sake of health.They claim that without dream,people would go crazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C.Why dreams are important D.When people remember their dreamsTopic Sentence:Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of

21、health 推理判断题：推理判断题：w技巧：技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。w注注意意：不不能能以以自自己己的的观观点点代代替替作作者者的的观观点点w解解推推断断题题最最主主要要的的方方法法是是根根据据词词义义关关系系推断具体细节。推断具体细节。有关推理的有关推理的试题试题常常包括以下常常包括以下类类型：型：1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.2)Fromthetextweknowthat_.3)Thestory

22、impliesthat_.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_.5)Thewritersattitudetoward.is_.6)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat8)Which of the following statements does thepassagesupport？9)With which of the following does the authoragree？One day a man walked a p

23、et shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in

24、 exactly the same condition as I found it.”wQ：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas_.wA.very clean wB.just cleaned by the landlordwC.tidy and comfortablewD.dirty and full of insectsSome people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say

25、the wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has

26、 problems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions.He never says，“I dont know.”wQ：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewritersattitu

27、de（态度）（态度）towardsMrNeff?wA.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful wC.He feels pity for Mr.NeffwD.He does not like Mr.Neff三：猜词能力三：猜词能力主要要求学生根据上下文判断词语的涵义主要要求学生根据上下文判断词语的涵义这这这这种种种种题题题题型常型常型常型常见见见见的的的的设题设题设题设题方式有：方式有：方式有：方式有：1 1）TheTheunderlinedunderlinedwordword/phrasephrase

28、inthepassagemeansinthepassagemeans_ 2 2）TheworditThewordit/theminthefirstparagraphtheminthefirstparagraphreferstorefersto _ 3 3）TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeansmeans_ _4 4）WhichofthefollowingisWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtoclosestinmeaningt

29、othetheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？（一）根据常（一）根据常识识、经验经验猜生猜生词词例如：例如：The old man put on his spectacles andbegantoreadThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：其方法主要有：1根据文中的定根据文中的定义义、解、解释释猜生猜生词词。例如：例如：The harbor is protected by

30、 a jettya wall built out into the water 2利用事例或解利用事例或解释释猜生猜生词词。例如：例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解利用重复解释释的信息猜生的信息猜生词词。例如：例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late4根据同位关系进行判断：根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释

31、，这种解释有时也用连词对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。连接。a），），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），），a Germanic language b）The Chunnel，a tunnel（隧道）（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete（三）（三）（三）（三）利用利用利用利用标标标标点符号和提示点符号和提示点符号和提示点符号和提示词词词词猜猜猜猜测词义测词义测词

32、义测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD（四）根据转折或对比关系进行判断（四）根据转折或对比关系进行判断根根据据上上下下句句的的连连接接词词，如如：but，however，otherwise等等就就可可以以看看到到前前后后句句在在

33、意意义义上上的的差差别别，从从而而依依据据某某一一句句的的含含义义，来来确确定定另另一一句句的的含含义义。分分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated（五五）根根据据构构词词法法（合合成成、派派生生、转转化化）进进行行判判断断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例例 如如（NMET2002，B篇篇）Mar

34、ket research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1猜测熟词新含义猜测熟词新含义例例1:Themajormarketforcerestsin

35、thegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees(白领雇员白领雇员)，whocanaffordthenewservice.例例2:sheissoparticularaboutherhouseworkthatservantsarenotwillingtoworkforher.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。纳整理。2猜测词性

36、变换新词含义猜测词性变换新词含义When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?Bur in all honesty,I treasure the fact,which helps me to be a better leader and person.利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括

37、抽象出它的新词义。发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。阅读解题四步骤阅读解题四步骤第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意第二步：细读题干，查询转换内容第二步：细读题干，查询转换内容第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案四：综合解题能力四：综合解题能力“毛毛病病”（badhabits）:教教学学过过程程中中，发发现现学学生生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有有的的同同学学晃晃头头、颠颠腿腿、转转笔笔、听听音音乐乐、咬咬指指头头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。1“指指读读”2“声声读读”3“译读译读”4“回回读读”5“参照参照读读”6“视视幅幅过过窄窄”阅读坏习惯阅读坏习惯