生物制药专业英语-复习教学ppt课件.ppt

《生物制药专业英语-复习教学ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《生物制药专业英语-复习教学ppt课件.ppt（89页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、生物制药专业英语-复习4.1 词汇特点词汇特点 a.专业术语多专业术语多专业文献含有大量专业术语，阅读时要求对该领域的专门词汇和知识有一定了解。b.广泛采用广泛采用名词连用名词连用形式形式 cell wall target cell titration curve side effect drug tolerance专业词汇（词根）简介专业词汇（词根）简介1.表示数量的词素表示数量的词素1）haplo,mono,uni 单，一，独单，一，独haploid 单倍体；monoxide 一氧化物；monoatomic 单原子的；2）bi,di,dipl,twi,du 二，双，两，偶二，双，两，偶bi

2、color 双色；dichromatic 双色的；diplobacillus 双杆菌；dikaryon 双核体；twin 孪生；dual 双重的；3）tri 三，丙三，丙triangle 三角；triacylglycerol 三酰甘油；tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环；4）quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra 四四quadrilateral 四边的；quadrivalent 四价的；quadruped 四足动物；tetrode 四极管；tetracycline 四环素；5）pent,penta,quique 五五pentose 戊糖；pent

3、agon 五角形；pentane 戊烷；quintuple 五倍的；pentomer 五邻粒；6）hex,hexa,六六hexose 已糖；hexapod 六足动物；hexapoda 昆虫纲；hexamer 六聚体；7）hepta,sept(i)七七heptane 庚烷；heptose 庚糖；heptoglobin 七珠蛋白；8）oct 八八octpus 章鱼；octagon 八角形；octane 辛烷；octase 辛糖；9）enne,nona 九九nonapeptide 九肽；enneahedron 九面体；10）deca,deka 十十decapod 十足目动物；decahedron 十

4、面体；decagram 十克；11）hecto 百百hectometer 百米；hectoliter 百升；hectowatt 百瓦；12）kilo 千千kilodalton(KD)千道尔顿；kilobase 千碱基；kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特；13）deci 十分之一，分十分之一，分decimeter 分米；decigram 十分之一克；14）centi 百分之一百分之一15）milli 千分之一，毫千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）；milliliter 毫升；centipoise 百分之一泊(粘度单位)16）micro 百万分之一，微，微小，微量百万分之一，微

5、，微小，微量microgram 微克；microogranism 微生物；microecology 微生态学；micropipet 微量移液器；17）nano 十亿分之一，毫微，纳十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond 十亿分之一秒；nanometer 纳米；18）demi,hemi,semi 半半demibariel 半桶；hemicerebrum 大脑半球；semiopaque 半透明；semi-allele 半等位基因；semi-conductor 半导体；19）holo 全，整体，完全全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶；holoprotein 全蛋白；holocrine 全（质

6、分）泌；20）mega 巨大，兆，百万巨大，兆，百万megaspore 大孢子；megabase 兆碱基；megakaryocyte 巨核细胞；megavolt 兆伏；megalopolitan 特大城市；21）macro 大，巨大，多大，巨大，多macrophage 巨噬细胞；macrogamete 大配子；macroelement 常量元素；macromolecular 大分子；polyacrylate 聚丙烯酸酯；polymerase polymerase 聚合酶聚合酶；multichain 多链的；multinucleate 多核的；multicistronic mRNA 多顺反子mR

7、NA；multicopy 多拷贝；22）poly,multi,mult 多，复合多，复合2.2.表示颜色的词素表示颜色的词素1）chrom 颜色颜色chromophore 生色团；chromosome 染色体；chromatography 色谱法；2）melan,melano,nigr 黑黑melanoma 黑素瘤；melanin 黑色素；melanophore 黑色素细胞；3）xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute 黄黄xanthophyl 叶黄素；xanthous 黄色的，黄色人种；xanthine 黄嘌呤；flavin(e)黄素；flavone 黄酮；lutein 黄体素

8、，叶黄素；flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸；4）erythro,rub,rubrm,ruf 红红erythrocyte 红细胞；erythromycin 红霉素；erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素；5）chloro,chlor 绿，氯绿，氯chlorophyll 叶绿素；chloride 氯化物；chloramphenicol 氯霉素；6）cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲；cyanobacteria 蓝细菌；cyanide 氰化物；7）aur,glid,chrys 金色金色aur

9、eomycin 金霉素；chrysose 金藻淀粉；chrysanthemum 菊花；glid stone 金沙石；glid 镀金；leucine 亮氨酸；leukaemia=leucosis 白血病；bleaching powder 漂白粉；albomycin 白霉素；8）leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb 无色，白色无色，白色3.表示方位和程度的词素表示方位和程度的词素1）endo,ento 内，在内内，在内endocrine 内分泌；endocytosis 胞吞作用；endogamy 近亲繁殖；endolysin 内溶素；entoderm 内胚层；2）ec,ect

10、,exc,extra 外，外面，表面外，外面，表面ectoblast 外胚层；ectoparasite 外寄生生物；extract 抽取，浸出；3）meso 中，中间中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层；mesoplast 中胚层质；4）intra,intro,inter 在内，向内在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用；intracellular （细）胞内的；Interurban 城市之间5）centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间中心，中央，中间centrifuge 离心；centriole 中心粒；centrosome

11、 中心体；centrogene 着丝基因；6）epi,peri 上，外，旁上，外，旁 epidermal growth factor(EGF)表皮生长因子；epibranchial 上鳃的；perilune 近月点；7）sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小下，低，小suborder 亚目；submucosa 粘膜下层；subclone 亚克隆；subcellular 亚细胞；subsection 小节，分部；8）super,supra 上，高，超上，高，超superconductor 超导体；superfluid 超流体；superoxide 超氧化物；supramolecular 超分

12、子的；9）hyper 超过，过多超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的；hyperelastic 超弹性的；hypertension 高血压；hyperploid 超倍体；10）hypo 下，低，次下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖；hypotension 低血压；hypophysis 脑下垂体；11）iso 等，相同，同等，相同，同iso-osmotic 等渗的；isopod 等足目动物；isotope 同位素；12）oligo，olig 少，低，寡，狭少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性；oligogene 寡基因；oligomer 寡聚体；oligophagou

13、s 寡食性；oligarchy 寡头政治；13）eury 多，宽，广多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的；euryhaline 广盐性；eurytopic species 广幅种；14）ultr 超超ultra-acoustics 超声学；ultra-structure 超微结构；ultroviolet 紫外线；15）infra 下，低，远下，低，远infralittoral 远岸的；infrahuman 类人生物；infrared 红外线的；infrastructure 基础结构，基本结构；英文科技文献介绍英文科技文献介绍Lesson 2 English Sci-tech Paper(I

14、)专业文献的基础知识Original paper：发表于专业期刊，用于报道科学研究内容和结果的文献。Short paper/Communication:简要报道研究内容和结果的文献。Review paper：指就某一时间内，作者针对某一专题，对大量原始研究论文中的数据、资料和主要观点进行归纳整理、分析提炼而写成的论文。综述具有一定的深度和时间性，能反映出这一专题的历史背景、研究现状和发展趋势，具有较高的情报学价值。专业文献的种类专业文献的种类专业文献（Original paper）的一般结构 Title Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results

15、Discussion Acknowledgements References4 Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References TitleFirst authorCoauthorCorresponding author专业文献的一般结构专业文献的一般结构Lesson 3:English Sci-tech Paper(II)Readingstaphylococci，葡萄球菌的mould，霉菌，发霉staphylococcus,葡萄球菌属streptococcus,链球菌属pne

16、umococcus,肺炎球菌gonococcus，淋菌typhoid fever，伤寒症cephalosporin，头孢菌素Penicillin，青霉素WordsPetri dishes,皮氏培养皿A Petri dish(or Petri plate or cell culture dish)is a shallow glass or plastic cylindrical lidded dish that biologists use to culture cells or small moss plants.It was named after German bacteriologist

17、 Julius Richard Petri,who invented it when working as an assistant to Robert Koch.Glass Petri dishes can be reused by sterilization(for example,in an autoclave or by dry heating in a hot air oven at 160 C for one hour).For experiments where cross-contamination from one experiment to the next can bec

18、ome a problem,plastic Petri dishes are often used as disposables.Enterobacteria，肠细菌Salmonella，沙门氏菌hydrophilic antibiotic，亲水性的抗生素Staphylococcus aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌Salmonella typhi，伤寒沙门氏菌 Escherichia coli，埃希氏大肠杆菌Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(NRM)核磁共振(光谱)分析X-rays crystallographic analyses，X射线晶体学分析

19、a heterocyclic-lactamic-dihydrotiazinic systemthiazolidinic rings，噻唑环Intravenously，静脉的racemase，消旋酶thioester，硫酯 thioesterases，硫酯酶deacetoxycephalosporin，脱乙酰氧基头孢菌素Hydroxylase，羟化酶Hydroxylating，（使）羟（基）化Acetylation，乙酰化作用Analogously，类似，相似Chromosomes，染色体progenitor strain,起源菌株tandem repeats，衔接重复syphilis,sif-

20、(-)ls 梅毒pneumonia,肺炎pharynx,frks 咽scarlet fever,猩红热diphtheria,白喉meningitis,脑膜炎septicemia，败血病REVIEW2014-4Abstract:Objective The aim of this study was to screen hemicellulose degrading microorganisms.MethodsThe methods used to screen the effective strains included hydrolysis spot diameter measurement

21、of hemicellulose plate(半纤维素平板水解圈法）and extracellular enzyme activity The methods used to identify the strains included culture characteristics，morphological，physiological-biochemical characteristics and molecular biological methodsSample twoEnglish AbstractResults We isolated 4 actinomycetes(NA9，NA10

22、，NA12 and NA13)，2 fungi(NF1 and NF7)with hemicellulose degrading ability and no antagonistic effect（拮抗效应）among them The hemicellulose degrading activity of 4 actinomyces(NA9，NA10，NA12 and NA13)was 217.6，229.8，221.1 and 211.8 U/mL The hemicellulose degrading activity of 2 fungi(NF1 and NF7)was 217.7

23、and 244.2 U/mLThe hemicellulose degrading activity of complex microbial system was 299.0 U/mL NA9，NA10，NA12 and NA13 were Streptomyces costaricanus;NF1 was Aspergillus candidus and NF7 was Tarlaromyces flavus专业英语定语从句的专业英语定语从句的翻译策略翻译策略一、翻译成前置定语结构一、翻译成前置定语结构 对不是很长，且主要起修饰和限制作用的定语从句，可使用汉语的定语结构进行对等翻译。（1）

24、Biotechnology can be summarized as any technique that uses living organisms to make or modify products,to improve plants or animals,or to develop microorganisms for specific purposes.生物技术可以概括为使用活的生物制造或修饰产品，改良动植物，或者用于某种特殊目而培养微生物的技术。（2）Plant breeding involves selecting optimal combinations of genes th

25、at provide desired characteristics.植物育种就是选择提供目标特征的最优基因组合。（3）Attempts are now being made to replace enzymes which traditionally have been isolated from animal tissues and plants with enzymes from microorganisms.人们正在努力用源自微生物的酶来取代传统上从动物组织和植物中分离的酶。（4）These have helped to determine minimum separation dis

26、tances to reduce cross pollination to levels that are below the limits needed to maintain genetic purity.这些方法有助于确定最小分隔距离，将杂交授粉水平降低到保持遗传纯度所需的限制水平之下。（1）Traditional biotechnology dates back thousands of years,to early farming societies in which people collected seeds of plants with the most desirable t

27、raits for planting the following year.传统的生物技术可追溯到数前千年前，那时的早期农耕社会里，人们搜集具有最需要性状的植物种子，以供来年种植。（2）The era of modern biotechnology,which involves manipulation of genes from living organisms in more precise and controlled ways than traditional biotechnology,began with their discovery(the discovery of DNA s

28、tructure by James Watson and Francis Clark).与传统生物技术相比，现代生物技术对来自活的有机体的基因的操作更精确更可控。现代生物技术世代从他们的发现（指沃森和克里克发现DNA结构）开始。（3）NAA usually gives rise to short thick roots which may have the advantage of being better able to withstand accidental damage during planting out.NAA通常会产生短而粗的根，这种根具有在移栽过程中不易损伤的优势。（4）Pl

29、ants from protoplasts often display considerable genetic variation,which can arise from the tissues of the starting material and/or in the callus from which the plants are regenerated.从原生质体再生的植株经常表现较大的遗传变异，这些遗传变异既可能源于起始材料组织，也可能源于植株再生的愈伤组织。（1）The most serious current concern of plant scientists is th

30、e irretrievable loss of biodiversity,which reduces the scope for breeding crops to tolerate more extreme climates,to resist pests and diseases and produce more nutritious food.生物多样性的不可逆丧失是目前植物科学家最关切的问题，因为生物多样性丧失会降低耐受极端气候、抗病虫害和更富营养作物的选育机会。（2）An endangered species is a population of organisms which is

31、 at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers,or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters.如果生物种群由于数量稀少或者环境或捕食因素改变而处于绝种的危险，那么就称这个物种为濒临灭绝的物种。（1）Current legislation provides a framework for these considerations but there are many issues related to the coexistence

32、of industrial and food products that remain to be studied and debated before possible introduction.目前的立法为这些考虑提供了框架，但对于工业产品与食品共存有关的许多问题在推出之前仍然有待于研究和讨论。（2）Genetic engineering is only one of many methods that may contribute to maintaining productivity and food quality while reducing inputs and improvin

33、g agricultural ecosystems.有不少方法可用来保持作物产量和食物品质同时降低投入和改善农业生态系统，遗传工程仅是其中之一。（3）The major cereal crops we use today,which provide the bulk of our calories,are descended from plants selected in prehistory for their useful traits.今天食用的主要禾谷类作物为我们提供了大部分的热量，它们是史前时期选育出具有有用性状的植物后代。Reading 2014-3Direct Reprogram

34、ming of Human Fibroblasts to Functional and Expandable HepatocytesPengyu Huang，Ludi Zhang，Yimeng Gao，Zhiying He,Dan Yao,Zhitao Wu,Jin Cen,Xiaotao Chen1,Changcheng Liu,Yiping Hu,Dongmei Lai,Zhenlei Hu,Li Chen,Ying Zhang,Xin Cheng,Xiaojun Ma,Guoyu Pan,Xin Wang,LijianFrom Cell Stem CellThe generation o

35、f large numbers of functional human hepatocytes for cell-based approaches to liver disease is an important and unmet goal.Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to hepatic lineages could offer a solution to this problem but so far has only been achieved with mouse cells.Summaryhepatocytes,肝（实质）细胞肝（实质）细

36、胞fibroblasts，纤维原细胞，纤维原细胞 lineages，血统，世系血统，世系Here,we generated human induced hepatocytes(hiHeps)from fibroblasts by lentiviral expression of FOXA3,HNF1A,and HNF4A.hiHeps express hepatic gene programs,can be expanded invitro（体外）（体外）,and display functions characteristic of mature hepatocytes,including

37、cytochrome P450 enzyme activity and biliary drug clearance.lentiviral，慢病毒（载体），慢病毒（载体）Biliary，胆汁的，胆汁的Upon transplantation into mice with concanavalin-A-induced acute liver failure and fatal metabolic liver disease due to fumarylacetoacetate dehydrolase(Fah)deficiency,hiHeps restore the liver function

38、 and prolong survival.Collectively,our results demonstrate successful lineage conversion of nonhepatic human cells into mature hepatocytes with potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.concanavalin，伴刀豆球蛋白，伴刀豆球蛋白metabolic，代谢的，代谢的fumarylacetoacetate dehydrolase，延胡索酰延胡索酰乙酰乙酰乙酸乙酸水解酶水解酶第三

39、章第三章 应用文体的英译应用文体的英译 第一节 书信文件的英译 第二节 产品说明书的英译第三节 图表的英译2学时qq:1054482454第一节第一节 书信文件的英译书信文件的英译一、信件的种类一、信件的种类私人信件私人信件personal letterpersonal letter申申请请和和推推荐荐信信letter letter of of application application and and letter of recommendationletter of recommendation学学术术邀邀请请和和出出访访信信letter letter of of invitation

40、 invitation and letter for visitand letter for visit祝贺信祝贺信letter of congratulationletter of congratulation商业书信商业书信business letter business letter(信内地址信内地址)称呼和姓名称呼和姓名单位名称单位名称地址地址（信头）（信头）寄信人通信地址寄信人通信地址 写信日期写信日期正文正文结束语结束语签名签名Could you please send me?请您寄给我一份？I look forward to hearing from you soon.盼复If

41、you need any other information concerning my background,如果你需要有关我的学习等其他情况Enclosed please find 随信附上查收Encl:One application form 后附一张申请表If needed.（If need be）如果需要的话Please let me know.请告申请信常用语句：申请信常用语句：Please tell me whether or not you are in a position to host me.请告诉你是否能接受我。An early response will be ver

42、y much appreciated.早日赐复，不胜感激。或A prompt reply would help us greatly.或Your immediate reply would be greatly appreciated.I am grateful to you for offering 感谢你提供 I learned from that 我从获悉To whom it may concern 负责人启With best regards.谨致问候It is my pleasure to recommend 我很高兴推荐Not only is Mr.Li diligent,.李不仅勤

43、奋，还It is his wish to further his study 他希望推荐信常用语句：推荐信常用语句：I should be most grateful if you would consider my recommendation.或I hope you will give her as much help as you can.若您考虑我的推荐，不胜感激。I would appreciate it very much if you accept 请您（若您不胜感激）内内容容简简明明，不不宜宜太太长长，要要富富有有诚诚意意，给给人人一一种种亲亲切、热情的感觉。切、热情的感觉。a

44、 series of lectures on a series of lectures on 关于关于的一些列讲座的一些列讲座at you convenience at you convenience 在您方便的时候在您方便的时候should should you you find find it it possible possible to to accept accept this invitation this invitation 如果您能接受我的邀请如果您能接受我的邀请We We look look forward forward to to hearing hearing fro

45、m from you you with with details details as as soon soon as as they they have have been been determined.determined.一经确定，盼告详情一经确定，盼告详情I would only be too glad to.I would only be too glad to.我非常高兴地我非常高兴地2 2、学术邀请和出访信：、学术邀请和出访信：对对某某人人的的创创造造发发明明等等表表示示祝祝贺贺。语语言言不不呆呆板板，要干脆，避免空洞的言辞：要干脆，避免空洞的言辞：We are delight

46、ed to hear the good news.我们很高兴听到这一好消息。我们很高兴听到这一好消息。Congratulate you on your success.对您的成功表示祝贺。对您的成功表示祝贺。I write to offer you my sincere congratulations on 我写此信对你在我写此信对你在方面的成功表示衷心的方面的成功表示衷心的感谢。感谢。3 3、祝贺信：、祝贺信：目的是与客户取得联系，建立业务，达成交易：We are interested in various kinds of.instruments.我方欲购买的各类仪器Please furn

47、ish us with a catalogue and the price list,if available.如有可能，请寄给我方商品目录和价格单。If you can see your way to bring down your price to a level acceptable to us 若贵公司能设法降低价格，使我方可接受的话 4 4、商业书信：、商业书信：the initial order 首批订货We trust that you will find our above proposition acceptable.谅上述提议是可以接受的。.shall be pleased

48、 to learn whether you require愿了解你方是否需要should you have any interest in these.要是你方对这些东西有兴趣的话履履历历表表RESUME Name in full姓 名 Party affiliation党派关系 surname/family name姓Religion宗 教 first name名Nationality/citizenshi国 籍sex(female or male)；性别complexion 肤色 Date of birth出生日期 color of hair头发颜色Place of birth出生地点 c

49、olor of eyes眼睛颜色Martial status婚姻状况height身高married已婚Children子 女 single单身Firm公 司 divorced 离婚Position职 位separated分居Education学 历residential address居住地址Foreign language外 语Present address目前通讯地址 Reference证明人Permanent address永久通讯地址 financial support经济担保home telephone number家庭电话号码years at each年限business tele

50、phone number单位电话号码present citizenship目前国籍home address 家庭住址；file档案号an immigrant visa petition移民签证申请visa class签证类别nonimmigrant visa application非移民签证申请表；date passport issued护照签发日期condition for visitor entry旅游入境条件；the exchange visitor访问学者 professional employment history专业简历；Work experience工作简历two recent