高三高考英语复习_阅读猜测词义课件.ppt

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1、猜测词义猜测词义高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之2023/1/112023/1/11广东高考猜测词义题考纲要求广东高考猜测词义题考纲要求根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义考试题型：考试题型：1.对考纲外生词的猜测（对考纲外生词的猜测（15年年remedy）2.对考纲内熟词生义的猜测（对考纲内熟词生义的猜测（16年年swimmingly）3.对句义的猜测（对句义的猜测（17年年They are spoken at me,not to me）2023/1/112023/1/11词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：2023/1/112023/1

2、/111.Theword“.”refersto/probablymeans2.Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Bysaying“”,wemean5.“”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“”isclosetinmeaningto.?8.Theunderlinedword“.”r

3、oughlymeans?2023/1/112023/1/11If If you come across you come across the new words when the new words when reading,reading,What will you do What will you do?2023/1/112023/1/11How to guess the meaning of words?2023/1/112023/1/111.Definition定义法定义法3.Similarity相似法相似法2.Contrast对比法对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法因果法

4、5.Example例举法例举法8.CommonSense普通常识普通常识6.WordFormation构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context上下文上下文2023/1/112023/1/11Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。位语（从句）来确定词义。A.fragileB.softC.weakD.strongTheherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650

5、yuanayear.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)2023/1/112023/1/111.1.定义法定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示GuesstheMeaningoftheWord小小结结2023/1/112023/1/112.Contrast对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。猜测词义。表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、while、o

6、r、however、otherwise、nevertheless等。等。2023/1/112023/1/11Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.punctualB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(disagreed)2023/1/112023/1/11Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pu

7、ps do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies.A.baby rats B.animals C.old rats D.grown-up rats2023/1/112023/1/11My mind was in a million different places.Thanks to the strict training,Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident.A.she was absent-minde

8、dB.she was nervous C.she was excited D.she was curious2023/1/112023/1/11表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,thoughonthecontrary等。等。小结小结2023/1/112023/1/113.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词或词组猜测词义。1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissol

9、arge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)2023/1/112023/1/11根据同义词，根据同义词，2.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.and,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组常连接同义词组。小结小结取代取代2023/1/112023/1/11“TheDaveyou

10、sawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy2023/1/112023/1/11In lab tests,carbon dioxide was better than heat and several other

11、 lures in drawing the bedbug out of hiding.The underlined word“lures”means something to A.used to attract bugsB.used to kill bugsC.that can tease bugsD.that can feed bugs 2023/1/112023/1/114.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Thatmuseu

12、missoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)2023/1/112023/1/11Eg.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.Nothearwhatyousaidconcentrate/focusherattentiononSinceIhavefinishedmypapernow,Iamgoingtogivemyselfatreattonight.Iamgoin

13、gtowatchamovieoncampus,anactionmoviecalled“FaceOff”.Theunderlinedwords“atreat”heremeans_.A.anactionmovieB.somethingpleasanttoenjoyC.arestD.somethingnicetoeat2023/1/112023/1/111.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒劳的徒劳的Guessthemeaningoftheword根据因果关系根据因果关系小结小结常用关联词常用关

14、联词(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,sothat,suchso,sothat,suchthatthattherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。2023/1/112023/1/115.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines

15、,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)2023/1/112023/1/116.WordFormation构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由

16、其构成的新词的含义了。义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11supermanchildish(超人超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的非自然的)homelessantiageing(无家可归的无家可归的)shewolfsleep-walk(母狼母狼)Can you guess the right meanings?(孩子气的孩子气的)(抗衰老的抗衰老的)(发错音发错音)(梦游梦游)2023/1/112023/1/111.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingta

17、ils,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的2.2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等2023/1/112023/1/11 ManyartistsfindinspirationintraditionalIndiandesignsA.confide

18、nceB.creative ideasC.powerD.good advice2023/1/112023/1/11触新的教材相信不管是对于同学自己而言还是对于家长朋友们而言，可能都还需要一定的时间去适应，但学习是一刻也不能松懈的事情，新学期除了适应教材的变化以外，一些试题的变化也必须适应，因此就必须在课下进行一些练习。但是问题就来了，很多家长朋友都表示孩子现在换了教材，但是自己找到的课外练习题却还是原来的教材版本的，不适应孩子的教材，不知道该怎么办才好了，眼看孩子马上就要结束第一单元的学习了，可是一直没找大适合的资料，没办法进行课后的巩固练习了。触新的教材相信不管是对于同学自己而言还是对于家长

19、朋友们而言，可能都还需要一定的时间去适应，但学习是一刻也不能松懈的事情，新学期除了适应教材的变化以外，一些试题的变化也必须适应，因此就必须在课下进行一些练习。但是问题就来了，很多家长朋友都表示孩子现在换了教材，但是自己找到的课外练习题却还是原来的教材版本的，不适应孩子的教材，不知道该怎么办才好了，眼看孩子马上就要结束第一单元的学习了，可是一直没找大适合的资料，没办法进行课后的巩固练习了。zglAccording to Morrissey,trying to find a diet that can cure your illness,or make you superwoman is a fr

20、uitless search.43.“a fruitless research”means_A.an effort without resultsB.a search for diet without fruitsC.a research on fruitless dietD.a diet serving as medicine 2023/1/112023/1/11Spendingaslittleas$US5adayonsomeoneelsecouldsignificantlyboosthappiness,theteamattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafound

21、.A.helptofindB.helptobringC.helptoincreaseD.helptogetC7.7.Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。义。下文：下文：Theirexperimentonmorethan630Americansshowedthattheyweremeasurablyhappierwhentheyspendmoneyonothers.2023/1/112023/1/11根据上下文线索根据上下文线索Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonere

22、memberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcropsTherewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.ButweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagainTheunderlinedwordstockrefersto_.A.moneyownedbythefamilyBgoodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseDfarmanimals2023/1/112023/1/113.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinarya

23、bility?”Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,itdbeplasticity.”Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves,huntatnightorduringtheday,occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards（蜥蜴）（蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.63.Theunderlinedword“plasticity”inPara.2refersto_.A.th

24、eabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notorioussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant2023/1/112023/1/11TomsawanowlinatreelastnightAabirdBananimalC.astar2）TomsawanowllastnightAabirdBananimalC.astarTomsawanowlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnearAabirdBananimalC.astarAABCAB(n.n.猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰)2023/1

25、/112023/1/113 3）ThechildrenarelookingatanThechildrenarelookingatanapeape.AAakindofmonkeyBakindofmonkeyBakindoftreeakindoftreeCCakindofbirdakindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezooAakindofmonkeyBakindoftreeCakindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy apeape

26、atthezooatthezooAAakindofmonkeyBakindofmonkeyBakindoftreeakindoftreeCCakindofbirdakindofbirdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n.猿猿)2023/1/112023/1/118.8.Commonsense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些

27、英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药)20

28、23/1/112023/1/11嫁妆嫁妆Guessthemeaning根据生活常识根据生活常识Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2023/1/112023/1/11 Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)高考试题词义猜测高考试题词义猜测2023/1/112023/1/1120092009山东山东C C篇篇Tobacco taxes improve pu

29、blic health,they raise money and most particularly,they deter people from taking up the habit as teens,which is when they nearly all smokers are addicted.A.discourage B.removeC.benefit D.free2023/1/112023/1/1120092009北京北京So far scientists have focus mainly on public buildings.“We have a very limited

30、 number of studies,so were almost looking at the problems through a straw(吸管）吸管）.A.the problem is not approached step by stepB.the research so far have faults in themselvesC.the problem is too difficult to solveD.the research in this area is not enough.2023/1/112023/1/112009 2009 天津天津As in many area

31、s,old habits die hard and the places continues to be called by its unofficial name long before the meaning is lost.What does the underlined word die hard probably mean?A.change suddenly B.change significantlyC.disappear mysteriously D.disappear very slowly2023/1/112023/1/1120092009湖北湖北One day in 191

32、8,my uncle received his draft notice,my grandparents were very upset.But my mother,at the age of 10,felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war.The underlined phrase“draft notice”means_A.order for army serviceB.train ticket for EuropeC.letter of rejection D.note of warning 20

33、23/1/112023/1/1120092009重庆重庆When things are getting hard,a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve anything.Then there are other distractions,such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate.A.Ways to help me to focusB.Words that help one feel less tenseC.Activities that turn ones atten

34、tion away D.Habits that make it hard for one to relax.2023/1/112023/1/1120092009广东广东We studied the board critically.Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard,rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs.Others twisted their hair arou

35、nd their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.A.formed an idea forB.made an outline forC.made some space forD.chose some color for2023/1/112023/1/11 Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)近几年高考词义猜测近几年高考词义猜测2023/1/112023/1/11Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?-1.The

36、rearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山雪山B.树枝树枝C.冰河冰河D.冰冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.stubbornC.kindD.cleverCB2023/1/112023/1/113.Mrs.SmithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisAmanoffewwordsA.活泼的活泼的B.好动的好动的C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的D.可爱

37、的可爱的4.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeintheoutskirtswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.houseCC2023/1/112023/1/115.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDadscarisbiggerthanyourDads,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boas

38、ting”means_.A.骄傲骄傲B.吹牛吹牛C.顽皮顽皮D.幼稚幼稚B2023/1/112023/1/116.AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthe

39、trainingD.partofthetour2023/1/112023/1/11Amanspositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_int

40、histext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameD2023/1/112023/1/11Passage3Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler shouldleavethecountryforever.Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_.A.killedbystoningB.s

41、entawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping B2023/1/112023/1/11Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplant

42、ationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.unusualB2023/1/112023/1/11Passage5Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatth

43、ebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Theword“jeopardize”means_inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopB2023/1/112023/1/11Passage6Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.Manypeoplew

44、ereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded”means_.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD2023/1/112023/1/11同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特

45、殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。如果离开特上下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。2023/1/112023/1/111.Definition定义法定义法3.Similarity相似法相似法2.Contrast对比法对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法因果法5.Example例举法例举法8.CommonSense普通常识普通常识6.WordFormation构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context上下文上下文Summary2023/1/112023/1/11goodbye2023/1/112023/1/11