高考英语语法状语从句课件.pptx

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1、高考英语语法高考英语语法 状语从句状语从句 12 2状语状语从句从句分类分类结果结果状语状语从句从句地点地点状语状语从句从句目的目的状语状语从句从句条件条件状语状语从句从句时间时间状语状语从句从句原因原因状语状语从句从句让步让步状语状语从句从句比较比较状语状语从句从句方式方式状语状语从句从句3时间状语从句时间状语从句whenwhenwhenwhen/whilewhilewhilewhile/asasasasuwhen意为“当时候”，从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或是先于主句动作。既可指一段时间也可指时间点，可接延续性动词或者短暂性动词。uwhile表示一个时间段，只能与延续性动词连用，也可以表

2、示对比。uas“一边一边”，强调两个动作同时发生，也可以表示“随着”。While(as)he was studying,his brother was sleeping.When(as)he arrives,I will inform him of it.The girls sang happily as they walked around the lake.As time goes on,he is getting fatter and fatter.4before意为“在之前”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。after意为“在之后”，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。He had d

3、one good preparations before he went to college.After he had tried many times and failed in the end,he gave up.5untiluntiluntiluntil和和和和tilltilltilltill表示“直到、到为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻为止。二者用法相近，但在句首时只能用until。在肯定句中主句要用延续性动词，表示“直到”；在否定句中，可和非延续性动词连用，not.until.表示“直到才”。He waited at home until/till it stopped rai

4、ning.Until all the lights in the street had been off,the boy went home.He appeared until I waited for a long time.（错）He didnt appear until/before I waited for a long time.（正）6notuntil可用于强调句或者倒装结构中。The boy didnt realize his fault until he was punished.=It was not until he was punished that the boy re

5、alized his fault.=Not until he was punished did the boy realize his fault.7sincesincesince表示表示“自从自从”，后接时间点，所引导的从句一般要用非延续，后接时间点，所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句多用延续性动词和完成时态。性动词，主句多用延续性动词和完成时态。He has worked at this college since he graduated.since引导的从句若用延续性动词或状态动词的过去时，则表示该动作引导的从句若用延续性动词或状态动词的过去时，则表示该动作或状态的完成或结束。或状

6、态的完成或结束。It has been five years since he worked here.他不在这工作已经五年了。Since he was at school,he has worked in that city.自从他下学，他就在这个城市工作。8hardly/scarcelywhenhardly/scarcelywhenhardly/scarcelywhenhardly/scarcelywhen和和和和no soonerthanno soonerthanno soonerthanno soonerthan表示“一就”，强调主句和从句的动作相继发生。有两个特点：1、主句用过去完成

7、时（had done的形式），从句用一般过去时；2、否定副词hardly、scarcely和no sooner位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，助动词had提到主语前面。Hardly had they fallen in love with each other when they got married.=They had hardly fallen in love with each other when they got married.No sooner had I arrived home than it rained heavily.9表示“一就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作立刻发生

8、。He went to the office immediately he received the notice.As soon as I arrive,I will make a telephone call to you.The moment(minute/second/instant)he saw her,he fell in love with her deeply.10表示时间的名词表示时间的名词The day he left home to join the army,his mother cried sadly.Every time I meet her,she will sm

9、ile to me.He got married the summer he graduated from college.The family were excited the morning the baby was born.every time,any time,next time,the first time,the last time,the day/month/week/year/morning/afternoon等也可作为连词引导时间状语从句。11地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句由where引导，表示“在地方”。After the war,a new hospital wa

10、s built where the old one was.Put the book back where it is.He lives in the town where he was born.He lives where he was born.He lives in which he was born.He lives in the town in which he was born.12原因状语从句原因状语从句because,since,as和和forbecause语气最强，用来回答why引导的疑问句，强调句中只能用because。Why do you disagree to the

11、 proposal?Because it is unpractical.It was because he received high education that he had more opportunities than others.13It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.since语气比because弱，表示一种附带的原因或是对方已知的事实，表示一种显然的理由，意为“既然”。Since you have no time to spare,I will turn to others for help.as语气较弱，是

12、对主句的附带说明，表示不言自明的原因或是已知的事实。As I get lost,I dont know how to go back.for语气最弱，并不是主句行为的直接原因，只起到一种补充说明的作用。只能放在主句后面，且用逗号同主句隔开。14意为“既然、由于”，now that位于句首或句中，in that位于句中。Now that you have done good preparations,you neednt feel worried.All of us like him in that he is very humorous.15seeing that和considering th

13、at中的that都可省略，表示“既然、由于”。Seeing(that)he admitted the fault,the teacher forgave him.Considering(that)time is limited,she shortens her speech.16条件状语从句条件状语从句if表示正面条件意为“如果”，unless表示反面条件意为“除非、如果不”相当于if not，一般情况下可以互换。If it is sunny tomorrow,well go hiking.You will be late unless you hurry.=If you dont hurry

14、,you will be late.if和和unless17as long asas long as引导条件状语从句，表示引导条件状语从句，表示“只要只要”。I will go there as long as he invites me.“祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句”结构相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。结构相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Hurry up,or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up,youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard

15、,you will pass the exam.18provided/providing(that)provided/providing(that)provided/providing(that)provided/providing(that)、suppose/supposing(that)suppose/supposing(that)suppose/supposing(that)suppose/supposing(that)assuming(that)assuming(that)assuming(that)assuming(that)和和和和given(that)given(that)giv

16、en(that)given(that)Supposing/suppose it rains,what should we do?Providing/provided(that)you can keep the secret to yourself,I can tell you about it.Assuming(that)an earthquake took place,what would happen to the village?19on condition thaton condition that和和in casein caseon condition that 意为“条件是”；in

17、 case意为“倘若、万一”。In case I cant arrive on time,you can go first without me.I will open a school for the children in rural places on condition that I have enough money.20only if表示“只要”，only起到强调的作用，引导的从句用陈述语气；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿、如果就好了”。Only if you respect others,youll be respected.If only I were a m

18、illionaire.If only I had followed his advice.21onceonceonceonceonce也表示“一旦”，也可表示条件。Once you speak out,you cant swallow your words.22让步状语从句让步状语从句althoughalthough、thoughthough、even thougheven though和和even ifeven if表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，even though和even if语气较强而although和though相对较弱，although较正式而though较通俗。Although o

19、ur parents often criticize and even beat us,we still love them.Even though(if)he is rich,yet he isnt happy.though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现but，但可以用，但可以用yet，still等。等。Though it rained hard outside,(yet/still)he insisted on going out.=It rained hard outside,but he insisted on going out

20、.23though和although常可互换，但有些情况下只能用though不能用although。though可和even连用表示强调而although不可以。Even though the process is full of difficulties,the result is satisfactory.though可同as连用构成as though，相当于as if表示“好像”。It looks as though its going to rain.though可用于倒装式的让步状语从句中，相当于as，而although则不可以。Tough though the situation

21、is,I will face up to it.though可以表示转折，意为“然而、却”，不可用although。He speaks English quickly though correctly.It is a fact,though.24while和whereas也可以引导让步状语从句，以通过对比突出主句和从句的差异。He has been promoted as professor,while(whereas)he is only thirty.Many people dont like to live here,while(whereas)the environment is go

22、od.25whetherorwhetherorwhetherorwhetheror(notnotnotnot)whetheror引导让步状语从句，表示“不管、无论”。Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.Whether you go with me or stay at home,I will go.Whether or not it rains,the meeting will be held on time.26whwhwhwh+ever+ever+ever+ever/no matter+no matter+no matter+no

23、matter+whwhwhwhwh+ever既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；no matter+wh只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever you say,I wont believe you.(=no matter what)Whenever she gets angry,he will cheer her up.(=no matter when)Whoever comes to the party,they will receive a gift.However careful we are,we will err.(no matter how)27for all(that)f

24、or all(that)for all(that)相当于in spite of/despite the fact that，表示“不管、虽然”后接that从句，that可省略。For all(that)he is a common man,he does uncommon things.In spite of/despite the fact that he is a common man,he does uncommon things.In spite of the heavy rain,they still went out.=In spite of the fact that it ra

25、ined heavily,they still went out.28though/as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装引导的让步状语从句中的倒装名词+though/as+主语+be动词Manager though/as he is,he is very modest.形容词+though/as+主语+谓语Strong though/as you are,you cant lift it.副词+though/as+主语+谓语Hard as/though he works,he was unable to make great progress.原形动词+though/as+主语+助动词或情态动词Fa

26、il many times as/though he did,he never lost heart.Search though/as they might,they cant find anybody in the house.过去分词+though/as+主语+be动词Praised as he was,he remained modest.29结果状语从句结果状语从句30sucha/anadj可数名词单数可数名词单数adj可数名词复数可数名词复数adj不可数名词不可数名词that从句从句Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like her.Th

27、ese were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.We had such terrible weather that we couldnt finish the work on time.31so形容词形容词/副词副词adj可数名词单数可数名词单数many/few可数名词复数可数名词复数that从句从句Kathy is so lovely that we all like to be with her.Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to be with

28、her.He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.Theres so little time left that we have to speed up.a/anmuch/little不可数名词不可数名词32so that引导的结果状语常用逗号同主句隔开；such that也可引导结果状语从句，such常作表语。He got up late,so that he didnt catch the first bus.The weather was such that I wouldnt go out.33目的状语从句目

29、的状语从句so thatso that和和in order thatin order that目的状语从句表示“为了、以便”，常同表示“能够”的情态动词连用。如：can、could、may和might。Speak loudly so that you can be heard clearly.In order that others will notice her,she wear a bright coat.The teacher explained the answer again and again in order that we could understand it fully.3

30、4so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成in order to或so as to不定式结构。但句子的主语必须同时是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语。否则就必须用so that和in order that表达，但也可用介词for引出逻辑主语。He does morning exercises so that he can build up his body.He does morning exercises in order to/so as to build up his body.The couple spoke in a low voice so that thei

31、r daughter could study quietly.The couple spoke in a low voice in order for their daughter to study quietly.35lestlest、in casein case和和for fear thatfor fear that表示“以防、以免”引导目的状语从句。lest从句要用虚拟语气，in case和for fear that引导的目的状语从句一般用虚拟语气间或用陈述语气。Take an umbrella,lest it should rain.Take an umbrella in case i

32、t rains.She got up early for fear that he would be late for work.36结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句VS目的状语从句中的动词前要用can、could、may、might、shall、should、will和would等情态动词，表示主观愿望；而结果状语从句则不用，表示的是客观事实。引导结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号，而引导目的状语从句的so that前一般不用逗号。结果状语从句都放在主句后，而目的状语从句可放在主句前或后。So that we could finish the ta

33、sk on time,we worked day and night.(目的状语从句)He was ready to help others,so that he was respected by everyone.(结果状语从句)He arrived at the railway station early,so that he caught the train.(结果状语从句)He arrived at the railway station early so that he could catch the train.(目的状语从句)37比较状语从句比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有t

34、han和asas。He is taller than his brother(is).He knew Tom better than you(knew him).Jim studied harder than Johnson(did).He spoke as rudely as he quarreled.I cant play basketball as/so well as he.38方式状语从句方式状语从句asasasas和和和和just asjust asjust asjust as表示“尤如、好像”，just as比as强调性更强，as前也可用exactly加以强调。The stude

35、nts did the experiment as the teacher instructed them.Exactly as the head belongs to a person,Taiwan is part of China.39as if和as though引导方式状语从句时，从句可用陈述语气表示符合或有可能符合事实的情况；也可用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。另外，as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面通常接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.The kind lady treats me as if I were her son.He looked around as if(he was)to look for something.She stood anxiously as if(she was)waiting for somebody.He didnt speak to anybody today as if(he was)sad.The little boy cried sadly as if(he was)bullied by others.The man looked as if(he was)in search for his book.