英语句子成分讲解课件.ppt

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1、句句 子子 成成 分分 分分 析析2023/1/13定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentou

2、tinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbe

3、lieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill

4、?Helooked aftertwoorphans.复合谓语复合谓语由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)

5、(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语pleasepassmethe book.Heboughthis girlfriendsome flowers.v1.We often help him.v2.He likes to play basketball.v

6、3.We enjoy listening to the music.v4.She said that he felt sick.v5.They are talking about the new student._代词代词不定式不定式动名词动名词宾语从句宾语从句_ 介词宾语介词宾语（四）（四）连系动词连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。其后面的成分叫作表语。1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.

7、I dont feel at ease.v1.I am a teacher.v2.They are on the playground.v3.My job is teaching English.v4.It gets cold.v5.It sounds interesting._常见的系动词有常见的系动词有be 动词动词,还有还有get,become,turn,grow 等表等表“变得变得”的词的词,和感观动词和感观动词sound,look,smell等。等。_找出下列句中的表语。找出下列句中的表语。（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句H

8、eisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或

9、一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?找出下列句子的定语找出下列句子的定语找出下列句子的定语找出下列句子的定语。v1.The black bike is mine.v2.She is a chemistry teacher.v3.The man in blue is my brother.v4.The girl playing the pi

10、ano is my younger sister.v5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._形容词形容词介短介短现在分词短语现在分词短语定语从句定语从句名词名词_ （六）状语（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.

11、Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语 v1.We often help him.v2.I really dont like the foo

12、d.v3.He did his homework carefully v at home.v4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._时间状语从句时间状语从句Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补

13、足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的

14、主谓关系。v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v3.The doctor told me to do more v exercise.v4.They made her happy.v5.He is going to have his hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldothee

15、xperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetre

16、e.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，

17、结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmadem

18、ehappy.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.Last week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very in

19、teresting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.I cant h

20、ear a word!I said angrily.Its none of your business,the young man said rudely.This is a private conversation!1 The film I enjoyed yesterday.2 The news listened to I carefully.3 Well the man the piano played.4 Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.5 Quietly the door he opened.6 Im

21、mediately left he.7 A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.8 Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read.9 This morning a book I from the library borrowed.10 The soup spoi1t the cook.11 We at home stay on Sundays.12 There a lot of people are at the bus stop.13 The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14 She beautifully draws.15 Music I like very much.16 A new school built they in our village last year.17 The match at four oclock ended.18 She a letter from her brother last week received.