高考一轮复习定语从句（最完整高考题）（课件）.ppt

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1、高考复习：定语从句高考复习：定语从句附高考真题附高考真题1)Doyouknowtheman who/thatisstandingoverthere?2)Thegirlthat/who/whomweweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)HetoldmethedatewhenhejoinedtheLeague.4)Theplacewherehelivesisfarawayfromhere.总结句型：总结句型：定语从句：定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词先行词：定语从

2、句所修饰的名词或代词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词1)Doyouknowtheman who/thatisstandingoverthere?2)Thegirlthat/who/whomweweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?关系词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。分为分为关系代词关系副词Doyouknowtheman who/thatisstandingoverthere?Theplacewherehelivesisfarawayfromhere.1.引导定语从

3、句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的关系词的3个作用：个作用：1)Doyouknowtheman who/that isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl(that/who/whom)weweretalkingaboutisJoan.1)3)Didyouseethepen(that/which)Ilostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.1)5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfr

4、omhere.分析关系词在定语从句中的作用分析关系词在定语从句中的作用指人指人作主语作主语指人指人作宾语（可省）作宾语（可省）指物指物作宾语（可省）作宾语（可省）指时间指时间作状语作状语指地点指地点作状语作状语6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelate?7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebest?指原因指原因作状语作状语指人指人作定语作定语主语宾语定语that/whothat/who(m)whosethat/which关关系系代代词词的的用用法法小小结结whose指指人人的的关关系系代代词词指指物物的的关关

5、系系代代词词可省略主语宾语定语that/which可省略关系副词的用法小结关系副词的用法小结whenwherewhy表示地点，在表示地点，在从句中作地点从句中作地点状语状语表示原因，在表示原因，在从句中作原因从句中作原因状语状语表示时间，在表示时间，在从句中作时间从句中作时间状语状语1.是吗？是吗？2.人人/物？物？3.缺吗？缺吗？定语从句三步法：定语从句三步法：1.Doyoustillrememberthefarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?2.Doyoustillrememberthefarm_welivedforthreemonth?(that/which)wher

6、e3.Doyoustillremembertheday_wespendtogether?4.Doyoustillremembertheday_westudiedtogether?(that/which)when高考题高考题基础篇基础篇1.(2017山东高考山东高考)Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom【解析解析】选选C。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:最后他到达了一个完全与外最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。界隔绝的孤岛。isla

7、nd后面是一个定语从句后面是一个定语从句,修饰修饰island,并且从句并且从句中缺少主语中缺少主语,同时指物同时指物,所以选所以选C。而。而A项项when及及B项项where在定语在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语从句中分别作时间及地点状语;D项项whom只能指人只能指人,在定语从句中在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语。2.(2017湖南高考湖南高考)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.Which【解析解析】选选B。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:

8、幸福与成功通常降临于那些幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句在句中引导定语从句,且在从且在从句中作主语句中作主语,符合题目结构。符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。结构中。3.(2017福建高考福建高考)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.Which【解析解析】选选A。考查定语从

9、句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生命受到影这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语后为定语从句从句,先行词是先行词是those,空格处在从句中作空格处在从句中作lives的定语的定语,故用关系词故用关系词whose。（2017湖南卷）湖南卷）4.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.whereC5.(2017浙江高考浙江高考)Weliveinanag

10、emoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich【解析解析】选选B。考查关系副词。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句。句意引导的定语从句。句意:我们生我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。when引导定语从句在从引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语句中作时间状语,修饰先行词修饰先行词anage(时代时代),此处的此处的when=inwhich。故选。故选B。（2017山东卷）山东卷）6.Acompany_profitsfromhomemar

11、ketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.whyBThisisthemachineon_shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhom用适当的关系词填空：用适当的关系词填空：1 1）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配；）、看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配；-Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnotsosure?-Thisisthecamera_whichIspe

12、nt6yuan.2 2）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配；-Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustntbetoohigh.介词介词关系代词引导的定语从句中关系代词引导的定语从句中,介词如何选择介词如何选择?aboutaton3 3）、可以通过句子的整体含义）、可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断。结合生活实际来判断。China has many rivers,_ which the Yangtze River is the longest.of/amongHe made a hole in the

13、 wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.through(2010上海，上海，38）Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhichCAmanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.

14、whereD.whatC限制性定语从句之特殊情况限制性定语从句之特殊情况1.只用只用that,不用不用which2.只用只用as3.只用只用where的抽象地点名词的抽象地点名词4.way引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法参照参照P20-“坑坑”高考题高考题“坑坑”你没商量篇你没商量篇（2017陕西卷）陕西卷）1.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.whatA（2017重庆卷重庆卷）2.Wellreachthesalestargetsinamonth_w

15、esetatatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whatA3.(2017江西高考江西高考)Hewrotealetterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.which C.where D.howC（2017江苏卷）江苏卷）4.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork_agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其

16、是在需要有良好印象的在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。工作之中。D4.(2017重庆高考重庆高考)Salesdirectorisaposition_communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【解析解析】选选D。考查关系副词。考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意引导的定语从句。句意:销售销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。“position”为先行词为先行词,后面是其定语从句后面是其定语从句,

17、关系词在从句中作的是地点状语关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,因因此此,应该使用关系副词应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此来引导定语从句。因此,正确答案正确答案为为D选项。选项。5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.（湖北）（湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA1.Davidissuchagoodboy_alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom2.Davidissuchagoodboy_alltheteacherslikehim

18、.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom3.Itwasnotsuchagooddinner_shehadpromisedus.A.likeB.thatC.whichD.asCADWeshowedgreatpitytothepooroldman,forlifewashardinthepast.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.that【解析解析】选选A。考查定语从句。介词。考查定语从句。介词+关系代词关系代词,forwhom=forthepooroldman。非限制性定语从句1.有“，”2.不用that3.which可代指整个主句(2017陕西卷陕西卷)Itisthethirdtime

19、thatshehaswontherace,whichhassurprisedusall.在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格只能用宾格whom;不能用不能用who替换，替换，也不能省略也不能省略。DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?你认识汤姆吗你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。我们谈到过他。Thisbook,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买这本书会给你提供所有

20、你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。到。高考题高考题基础篇基础篇【2017北京卷北京卷】1.IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.WhereB2.(2017北京高考北京高考)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when【解析解析】选选B。考查。考查which引导的非限制性定语从

21、句。句意引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:每当每当他沉迷于工作中他沉迷于工作中,就会废寝忘食就会废寝忘食,而他常常如此。而他常常如此。which在从句中作在从句中作表语表语,代指上面的情况代指上面的情况,故选故选B。3.(2017浙江高考浙江高考)Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom【解析解析】选选B。考查。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。句意引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:埃伦是埃伦是一位画鸟和自然的画家一位画鸟和自然的画

22、家,由于某种原因由于某种原因,已经过起了遁世生活。已经过起了遁世生活。who引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,修饰先行词修饰先行词Ellen(人人名名)。故选。故选B。非限制性定语从句中的非限制性定语从句中的ASHeopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.与与which的区别？的区别？1、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。引导非限制定语从句，指

23、代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was right,which was exactly what he wanted.2、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match,which I watched yesterday,is very interesting.3、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语为实引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语为实义动词时。

24、义动词时。That things improved,which astonished me.4、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。否定前缀的形容词。He was married again,which was unexpected.：asiswellknown/isknowntoallashasbeensaidbeforeashasbeenalreadypointedoutasweallcanseeasisexpected/hoped/supposed,.asisoftenthecase

25、as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此TheBeatles,_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津天津)A.whatB.thatC.howD.asD_isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What_isknown

26、toeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatBD名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women.2.The book contains 50 poems,and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence,and the meaning of it I dont understand.The c

27、ommittee consists of 20 members,5 of whom are women.The book contains 50 poems,most of which were written in 1930s.I have a sentence,the meaning of which I dont understand.Rewrite the following sentenceswhose表示所属关系表示所属关系There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.(多选多选)A.whose backgrounds B.

28、the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose1.考查考查表示所属关系的表示所属关系的ofwhich/whom。*(2011江西高考江西高考)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.2.考查表示考查表示整体与部分关系的整体与部分关系的ofwhich/whom。*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedby

29、anangrycrowd.（2017天津卷）天津卷）Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_usesitdifferently.A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem句义：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种语句义：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。B(2017四川高考四川高考)Inourclassthereare46students,halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.in

30、themC.ofwhomD.ofthemC1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around_highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwereCAmanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatC2.Themurderhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside_thecitypolicest

31、ation.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themare3.Nextmonthwellmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_anicerestaurantswherewecanhaveChinesefood.A.whichareB.itisC.whichisD.themareCC定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1.Dontchooseme，who_(be)notqualifiedforthisjob2.Anyonewho_(have)questionstoask，pleasecometomyofficethisafternoon.amhas1)He

32、istheonlyoneofthestudentswho_(be)herejustnow.2)Heisoneofthestudentswho_(be)herejustnow.3)BuenosAiresisoneoftheworldcapitalsthat_notedforitsbusyharbor布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。waswereis定语从句与其他句式的对比辨析定语从句与其他句式的对比辨析（1）Heaskedalotofquestions,noneof_waseasytoanswer.A.whichB.them

33、C.whatD.that（2）Heaskedalotofquestions,andnoneof_waseasytoanswer.A.themB.whichC.whatD.thatAA1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句1.Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_carriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.That2.Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.Tha

34、t3.Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.thatBBAOnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.ThatIfyoupromisetogowithus,_willbeOK.A.asB.whichC.anditD.thatAD2.定语从句与强调句的区别定语从句与强调句的区别（1）Itwa

35、sinthishouse_hewasborn.（2）Itwasthishouse_hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse_heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.thereBAC1.“Howwas_theydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?”“Totallybychance.”A.itthatB.hethatC.itwhenD.hewhichA2.Itwaslackofmoney,notofeffort,_defeatedtheirplan.

36、A.whichB.asC.thatD.whatC3.Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_hespenthischildhood.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,whereA4.Itsmorethanhalfacentury_mygrandfatherjoinedthePartyandbecameaservanttothepeople.A.when B.thatC.sinceD.whileC5.“Wasitunderthetree_youwereawaytalkingtoafriend?”“Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,thebikewasgone.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whileD定从之代词有鬼定从之代词有鬼（1）Isthisschool_youstudy?（2）Isthistheschool_youstudyin?（3）Isthistheschool_youstudy?（4）Isthisschool_isanewone?A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/whichDABE