《笔译基础讲》PPT课件.ppt

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1、第八讲第八讲 汉语四字词组的英译汉语四字词组的英译李国玉2014分类固定词组（成语）：瓮中之鳖、扬眉吐气、一针见血、冷若冰霜、山穷水尽、格格不入自由词组：品种齐全、质地优良、色泽鲜明、欢迎光临、国有资产、思想深沉、性格坚强四字词组的修辞效果言简意赅形象生动朗朗上口一、四字成语的英译四字成语是人们长期社会文化生活的积累，是一种约定俗称的语言形式。四字成语的语言符号意义与语用意义并非总是统一的，翻译是要注意区别，尽量做到在最大程度上保留形式与内容的统一，但不能统一时，应该优先考虑其语用效果。1.直译如鱼得水临阵磨枪猫哭老鼠对牛弹琴雨后春笋to feel like fish in waterto s

2、harpen ones spear only before going to battleThe cat weeps over the mouse.to play the harp to a bull.like bamboo shoots after a spring shower.所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏粱锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰槁木死灰”一般，一概不问。红楼梦So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes,taking no inter

3、est in the outside world.2.套用相似的英语习语以牙还牙隔墙有耳一文不名绞尽脑汁针锋相对千钧一发浑水摸鱼空中楼阁乳臭未干赴汤蹈火a tooth for a toothwalls have earswithout a penny to ones nameto rack ones brainsgive tit for tathung by a threadto fish in troubled watercastles in the airbe wet behind the earsto go through fire and water学生们三三两两地坐在教室里。The

4、students took their seats in the classroom by twos and threes.不要斤斤计较。Do not haggle over every ounce.3.意译成意思相同的英语习语徒劳无益小题大做直截了当水中捞月掌上明珠害群之马to hold a candle to the sunto make much ado about nothingwithout further adoto fish in the airthe apple of ones eyea black sheep她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非。She often tells tales

5、 among the neighbors.只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，也许还有翻身的一天。All you can do is burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top.4.意译明火执仗快马加鞭牵肠挂肚五光十色单枪匹马立竿见影鸡毛蒜皮顺手牵羊to do evil things openlyto speed upto be full of anxiety and worrymulticoloredall by oneselfto get instant resultsTriflesto w

6、alk off with他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies.敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.那个小伙子有点愣头愣脑的。The young fellow is somewhat rash.我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人尽皆知了。There had been too much publicity about my case.他虽然还小，但对将来要从事的事业已经是胸有成竹了。Young as he i

7、s,he has had a well-thought plan about his future career.方案一公布，大伙儿就七嘴八舌议论开了。The publication of the draft touched off a lively discussion with everyone eager to put in a word.5.直译&意译竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish kill the goose that lays the golden eggs打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert

8、the snake wake a sleeping dog易如反掌 to be easy as turning over ones hand as easy as falling off a log掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm the apple of ones eye二、四字排比结构的英译ChineseEnglish虚实杂糅理性准确繁复重叠简洁清晰结构工整语法严谨在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知、无人不晓。Confucius is a so well-known in China that any Chinese,from old whi

9、te-haired men to innocent and nave children,knows him.Confucius is a household name in China.四字词组的语法关系主谓：叶公好龙、图案新颖、工艺先进、才华出众动宾：发展经济、解放思想、增进效益、孤注一掷偏正：秀丽景色、合法权益、国家机关、认真对待并列：改革开放、美丽大方、英俊潇洒、鸟语花香动补：饱览无余、运转协调、搭配不当、合作顺利1.译成 adj.+n.结构按照合理布局、优化结构、突出重点的要求，加强宣传文化事业的基本建设。Capital construction of publicity and cu

10、ltural undertakings will be strengthened according to the principle of a rational distribution,an optimized structure and a priority order.大峡弯的谷地山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。The valley of the Grand Bend is full of multi-peaked mountains,joined canyons and turbulent waters.我国政府原意在平等互利、相互开放、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作

11、和贸易交流。The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality,mutual benefit,mutual openness,long-term cooperation and common progress.Exercise江岸上彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇，呈现出一派喜气洋洋的节日场面。High-rise buildings ornamented with

12、colored lanterns and bright banners stand out along the river banks.我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇。The carpets made in our factory are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.2.译成 n./adj.+in+n.结构由于这台仪器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。The instrument has been welcomed by the users bec

13、ause of its stability in service,reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.这些女式衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality.They are moderate in price,excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.他是一个风度翩翩、脾气温和、性格坚强的年轻人。He is a mild-tempered you

14、ng man,elegant in demeanor and strong in will.3.译成 prop.+n.结构这里那里，螺号阵阵，渔歌声声；近近远远，红旗飘扬，白帆点点。好一派动人的渔乐图啊！What an exciting scene of jubilance,with the fishermens conches trumpeting and their songs ringing here and there,and red flags fluttering and white sails dotting the sea far and near.近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、

15、任人宰割的历史。China experienced a period of enduring impoverishment and long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries.这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意盎然，一派秀丽景色。Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice,with birds singing among them,form a beautiful scene full of life and vitality.亚洲幅员辽阔

16、，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。Asia,the largest continent in the world,is a vast land with a huge population,abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.3.译成名词性词组大力培养爱岗尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。We should vigorously foster the fine spirit,including dedication to work,and offering convenience and

17、fine services to the masses.防止个人专断和各自为政，反对有令不行、有禁不止。We must prevent the tendency to make decisions arbitrarily and go their own way and oppose the defiance of orders and prohibitions.4.译成动词短语我们必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。We should emancipate our minds,seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively.务必要

18、继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统，提倡勤俭，崇尚节约，防止和纠正脱离经济发展水平的高消费。It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work,encourage frugality,and prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development.5.变词为句自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓。一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无遗。Down from here,the river becomes wide and calm.If you take a l

19、ight skiff down the stream,you will drink in the beauty along the river.大批仁人志士，满腔悲愤，万种辛酸，想有所为而不能为，真是英雄无用武之地。So many men and women with high ideals,worried and frustrated,wished to do something about it,only to find that,able as they were,they had no chance to carry out their ideals.江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急湍澎湃，

20、惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。There are many hidden shoals in the river,presenting a challenge to navigators.And the surges of the swift current and the roars of the terrifying waves achieve great momentum.该厂生产的各种类型钻头均符合API标准，工艺先进、结构新颖、钢材优质、制造精细、质检严格，均已达到国内同类钻头的先进水平。Bits of all types manufactured in the factory conform

21、 to the API standards.With novel design and fine workmanship,they are made of quality steel in advanced technology.All the products have passed strict quality test and reached in all respects the advanced level of the domestically-made bits of the kind.四字结构的简化本店货色齐全，花色多样，任凭挑选。We have a good assortme

22、nt of goods to choose from.他决定洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.她有沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花之貌。Her beauty would put the flowers to shame.这支歌唱遍了神州大地，唱满了50年悠悠岁月，余音袅袅，一曲难忘。This song has been sung all over China for 50 long years.The melody still lingers in the air.今后十五年是承前启后、继往开来的重要时期。The next fifteen

23、years represents an extremely important period linking the past with the future.在那里，古树摇曳春秋，山花自开自谢，植被茸茸生烟。Aged trees wave the seasons by,amid carpets of wild flowers and thick green vegetation.花园里面是人间的天堂，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。The garden was a paradise on earth,with more food and clothes than

24、could be consumed and more money than could be spent.建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。To set up a high efficient,well-coordinated and standardized administrative system.实用文本中的减译校园依山傍水，花香四溢，堪称求学胜地。The good scenery on the campus makes it an ideal place for teaching,learning and academic pursuits.进入桂花公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而

25、来。满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪、香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄、季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争妍媲美。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees.Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.Homework四川红碎茶具有颗粒紧结匀称，色泽棕黑油润，香气鲜锐，滋味鲜爽浓烈，汤色红艳，叶底红匀明亮等特点。由于叶质优良，宜于拼配，是世界茶叶进口/拼配商的理想原料，进入国际市场以来，颇受顾客欢迎。福州风光秀丽，名胜星罗棋布。有上千年历史的木构建筑华林寺，有闻名遐迩的鼓山，有享誉中外的三坊七巷。现有国家级文物保护单位4个，省级文物保护单位44个。