《跨文化交际》PPT课件.ppt

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1、 跨文化交际跨文化交际跨文化交际跨文化交际跨文化交际Cross cultural communication密云电大分校李书东Unit 1 language and culture in communicationBy the end of the unit,you should be able to Distinguish types of communicationUnderstand the basic of communicationBe aware of different definitions of a social situation.Be aware of different

2、 values in communication.Can you find a Chinese equivalent to English word communication?Task 1.Analysing the basics of communication essential elements and types.1.There are at least two or more people.2.There must be some contact between communicators.3.There must be a language shared by communica

3、tors.4.an exchange of information has taken place.The types of communication1.human communication2.animal communication3.human-animal communication4.human-machine communication5.machine to machine communicationActivity 2 meanings in communicationUtterance meaning:what it normally meansSpeakers meani

4、ng:the speaker has intended to convey by way of utterance meaning.Hearers meaning:the hearer ha understood on the basis of the utterance meaningCase analysingLitz:Dick,how long is your mum going to stay?Dick:I dont know.I havent asked her.Litz:Why not ask her?Dick:What do you mean by asking her?Litz

5、:I mean what I said.Just ask her how long shes going to stay.Activity 4communication in social situationsEssential components1.Two or more participants 2.definition of the situation and goals3.setting4.schema5.verbal communication6.non-verbal communication7.time and space.Unit 2Culture Shock By the

6、end of the unit,you should be able to Understand cultural differences in approaches to hospitality,modesty,privacy,and politenessAvoid taboo subjects in Western culturesActivity 1:HospitalityAnalysize task 2:or too little?1.lisa was taken aback by her host putting food onto her plate because this se

7、ldom happens in her country.2.She kept finishing all the food on her plate because she wished to be polite.That was a big mistake because she found her plate refilled and many more dishes following.3.in the west,if you were invited to have a meal at someones home,there will often be only one or two

8、dishes.Even it was a formal dinner,it would usually be just three courses:soup,main dish,and desert.But in China,an informal dinner would have four dishes and a soup;a a formal dinner would have at least eight dishes and a soup.4.Sea slug ia also called sea cucumber,which is one of the most expensiv

9、e dishes to feature in Chinese cuisine.But most Westerners never like it.That is why Lisa called it horrible stuff.5.If you are bloated after a meal you feel very full and uncomfortable due to eating too much.Problems when east meets west1.Lisa was surprised by Wangs remarks denigrating his flat.He

10、was probably just being politely modest and the flat was not untidy.Lisa certainly seems to think it odd that he should say so.For Westerners compliments in order to appear modest.She also seemed surprised and perhaps a little offended by his remark about her being tired after her work.2.Wang was un

11、doubtedly just trying to be polite by showing concern for his guest.We often show our concern by saying something like:You must be tired.Have a good rest.Unfortunately some westerners are sensitive about such comments,taking them as implying that they are not strong enough and so easily get tired.Li

12、sa obviously took it amiss as suggesting that she was old and weak.3.Eight courses for one meal for westerners are too many by western standards,As you may probably know,a western meal normally serves one main course plus a starter and sweets or deserts.Activity 2:Privacy1.Its all right to ask child

13、ren or a teenager their age.But it is not normally polite in English speaking societies to ask an adult their age-and never a woman.On exception is perhaps when it is a very old person,in their 80s or 90s,in which case they may be quite proud of how old they are.2.It is all right to ask someone what

14、 their job or position is,but it is not polite to ask them their salary.This is considered a private matter in English speaking society.3.It is all right to ask someone where they live,but it is not polite to ask their rent.4.The size of someones flat is a matter of private thing.5.Many people feel

15、religious belief are very personal and they may not feel;comfortable to tell someone they hardly know.6.It is better to ask:Do you have a family instead of asking are you married?7.People are sensitive about their personal appearance,so it is not polite to mention it.8.It is better not to ask how mu

16、ch someone has paid for the clothes,furniture.9.It is not polite to comment bluntly on someones appearance.But you may say:Have you been out in the sun?Activity 3:collectivism and individualismExplain to the test:1.cluster:a group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely togethe

17、r:a bunch2.value:a principle,standard,or considered worthwhile or desirable 3.assumption:something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof 4.score high:think very highly of sth;value sth.5.having intrinsic worth:having innate values,inherent values6.outlook:a point of view;an attitude7.i

18、n terms of:in relation to 8.regardless of:in spite of9.discourse pattern:discourse conventions,discourse habits.10.pride of place:the highest or the most important position11.to be conceived:to be thought,to be believed12.counterpart:one that has the same functions and characteristics as another13.o

19、we sth to sb:14.in accordance with sb:according to,in correspondence with15.valorisation:to give or assign a value to16.other interesting idioms using the words rope or ropes:To be outside the rope:To be the ends of ones ropeTo be on the high ropesOn the ropesTo give sb enough rope to hang himselfTo

20、 learn the ropeUnit 3:Whats in a name?Activity 1:task 1:Naming namesMost English people have three names.The last name,or the surname is the family name.This is the family name of the father and is given to all his children.The first names are given names,which are given to the children at birth,Ano

21、ther term used to refer to them is Christian names.Read the text naming names and then answer the following questions;Group discussions;1.How many name do most English people have?2.Do the term last name,surname and family name refer to the same name of a person?3.Do the first names,given names and

22、Christian names refer to the same name of a person?4.Why do parents have ot be careful about the names for their children?5.Which given names is usually used by English people?6.Why do some people use their middle name?7.What form of name is commonly used among friends and colleagues?task 2:initials

23、Tick the combination of names you think parents should avoid giving their children.1.Nichola Ann Green2.William Patrick Wills3.John Peter Hill4.Fino Alice Tanner5.Michael Adam Davies6.Holly Rowan Hillman7.Peter Ewan Steven T8.Graham Adam Yiend9.Alan Richard JamesTask 3:short formsGive the short form

24、s of the following names:Andrew David Stephen Christopher Rebecca Victoria CatherineActivity 2;OriginsChinese names can give all sorts of information about a person.They may give us clues about where and when the person was born.Or they may tell us something about their family relationships,ethnic g

25、roup,parents expectation for the children,sex.Look at the origin of the English names and tell the meaning of the following names.Cook Forester Chandler Taylor Clark Smith Turner Butler Thatcher Cooper Carter Fowler Mason ArcherActivity 3.Kin termsRead the text about British families and try to answ

26、er the following questions:Group discussion:1.How do British children address their parents brothers and sisters in a traditional way?Give examples.How do Chinese children address their parentss brothers and sisters?2.What are the differences mentioned between Chinese and English kin terms?3.Why do

27、son-in-laws find it difficult to address their parent-in-laws?Give examples4.What is the easy way for son-in-laws to address their mother-in-law and father-in-law when they themselves have children?Activity 4;His and hersRead the text:Why is Bob not a girl?Group discussion:1.What about the differenc

28、es in English male and female names?Number of syllables of first namesNumber of syllables of pet namesPercentage of names with stress on a syllable other than the firstSound of the stressed syllablesLast soundSpeed at which fashion changesImpressions conveyed2.Is it a boy or a girl?Sarah Christopher

29、 Claire Mathew Emma David Laura James Rebecca DanielGemma Rachel Steven Kelly Victoria Mark Andrew Katharine Paul MichaleUnit 4;social interactionActivity 1:inviting Expectations about when spouses should be included in invitations differ between China nad the west.Generally speaking for invitation

30、to any meal taking place in the evening,ranging from those given at someones home through to dinning out together or attending formal banquets,both husband and wife will be include.This is not expected in the case of mid-meals,probably because couples often work in different places and some jobs inv

31、olve taking a working lunch.Activity 2:Footing the billExplain to the text:footing the bill1.foot the bill;pay for the cost of something when the bill is presented as at the end of a meal.2.do Dutch:share the cost of the meal equally between the friends 3.grab the bill:pick up the bill to pay4.pool

32、the money:put the right amount of money together to pay the bill.5.buy his round:ask everyone what they would like and then go to the bar to get the drinks.Activity 3:giftsIn the west,it is polite to open the gifts as soon as they are given to express appreciation.Guest invited to dinner in the west

33、 frequently bring only opne bottle of wine.One is quite enough,two are of course welcome but unusual and not expected.As they are expected to be consumedAt the meal.Bring two might even give the impression that the giver is heavy drinker who fears she will not have enough to drink.Taking fruit to su

34、ch an occasion is unusual.Traditionally gifts of fruits are thought of only appropriate for the visitors to people who are ill.Activity 5:complimentsNormally,when hearing compliments,a typical Chinese reaction is to show modesty and humility by saying such words as:buhao.Such attitudes towards prais

35、e and compliments are considered to be appropriate and are regarded as virtues.Activity 6:Disagreeing AgreeablyExplain to the text:1.phrasing a polite refusal:choosing the best form of words to make the refusal sound polite.2.Sino:Chinese3.chauffeur:a driver who is paid to make the refusal sound pol

36、ite.4.admit that something is true.5.flatly:directly,straightly,clearly6.at its face value:literally7.white lies:lies told with good intentionsUnite 5:Roles and relationsActivity 1:Child-rearingChild-rearing in Chinese and Australian families are different.Read the text and discuss the following que

37、stion according to the Australian families and Chinese families.1.What is the primary relationship in a family?2.Who makes important decisions?3.Do unmarried children leave home and live independently?4.Are children expected to work during their school years?5.If parents give financial support to th

38、eir children at university,do they expect to get repaid?6.What is considered to be the true expression of real family feeling?Activity 2:Family RelationshipTopic for group discussion:1.Whose side should the man take in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother?2.How do people choose t

39、heir partners?3.What is the most important relationship in the family?4.What is expected from the son towards their parents?5.What is expected from the parents towards their children?Activity 3:FriendshipTopic for group discussion:1.How often do you get together with your friends for fun?2.Can you m

40、ake a list of topics you and your friends often cover at your getting-together?3.Can you make a list of places where you first met your friend?4.When is the last time you ask your friends for help?What kind of help was that?5.Do you think that being polite to someone is a way to show that you do not

41、 consider that person as your friend?Activity 6:non-verbal communicationTell what non-verbal communication is.Explain rules for using gestures.Various facial expressions.Describe rules governing eye contact.There is language in the eye.Idioms composed of arm,hand and finger verbalnon-verballanguageo

42、thersbody languageothersspeakingwritingsoundspoken languagewritten languageinformalformalparalinguisticsign language gesturesflag,codes human communicationWhatishumancommunication?Activity 1:GesturesGestures are an important component of non-verbal communication.It must be emphasised that gestures v

43、ary in meaning from culture to culture.Question:What does theses gestures mean to others?Non-verbalCommunication 1.the ring gesture:In America,it means OK.Its great.In Japan it means money;In France it means zero or worthless;In Tunisia“Ill kill you.”2.the single finger beckon:In America it simply m

44、eans:come here.In Yugoslavia and Malaysia it is only used for beckoning animals.In Indonesia and Australia it is used for beckoning prostitutes.ie,ladies for the night.3.The thumbs-up sign:In Britain it means OK and is also used as a sign for hitch-hiking.In Greece it is an insult.4.The ear-tug:In S

45、pain it means someone is a sponger,ie.Using other peoples money and never spending his own.In Greece it is a warning.In Italy it is used to call someone a homosexual.5.the eyelid-pull:In France and Greece it means:you cant full me.In Spain and Italy that you should be alert.In South America it means

46、 he finds a woman very attractive.Activity 2:Facial ExpressionsHow many kinds of emotions can you name?sad?happy?grief-stricken?ashamed?surprised?surprised fearful disgusted angry shocked horrified revolted furious grief-stricken embarrassed ashamed proud shy bored suspicious confusedhappysurpriseda

47、fraidangrydisgustedsadActivity 4:There is language in her eye1.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false()1.Different cultures have different rules for what is considered appropriate eye contact.()2.Within any one culture,the rules for eye contact are usually the same f

48、or different situations.TF()3.In dealing with strangers the rule for British society is that you should look at them but you shouldnt look at them for a long time.()4.In Britain,you can look at a stranger for as long as you like providing that they are not standing next to you.()5.If you dont look a

49、t a British person while you are speaking to him,he will have a negative impression of you.TFT()6.When addressing a British audience you do not need to bother to look at its members.()7.In a conversation,turn taking can be signalled by the eye movements of the speakers.()8.Its important to look at a

50、 person when you are speaking to him,but not that important when you are listening to him.()9.There are cultures that value looking someone straight in the eye no matter who that person is.FTFTActivity 4:Keeping ones distanceFour categories of distance for Americansfriendsand relativessocial distanc