初中英语语法—数词.ppt

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1、初中英语语法初中英语语法概念概念 数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词，如：one，ten,fifteen 等；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词，如：fifth,second,twelfth等。一、基数词一、基数词一、基数词一、基数词:1.1.1.1.基数词的形式：基数词的形式：基数词的形式：基数词的形式：AA从从110110：oneone，twotwo，threethree，fourfour，fivefive，sixsix，sevenseven，eighteight，ninenine，tentenBB从从 11191119：eleveneleven，

2、twelvetwelve，thirteenthirteen，fourteenfourteen，fifteenfifteen，sixteensixteen，seventeenseventeen，eighteeneighteen，nineteennineteen注意注意注意注意：这里除这里除 eleveneleven，twelvetwelve，thirteenthirteen，fifteenfifteen，eighteeneighteen为特殊形式为特殊形式外，外，fourteenfourteen，sixteensixteen，seventeenseventeen，nineteennineteen

3、都是由其个位数形式都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀后添加后缀-teen-teen构成。构成。CC从从 2199 2199：整数几十中除整数几十中除twentytwenty，thirty,fortythirty,forty，fiftyfifty，eightyeighty为特殊形式为特殊形式外，外，sixtysixty，seventyseventy，ninetyninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-tyty构构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”-”。例如：。例如：21 twenty-one21

4、twenty-one 76 seventy-six76 seventy-six注意注意：fortyforty的拼写。的拼写。DD百位数：百位数：基数词基数词101101999999，先说，先说“几百几百”，再加，再加“and”and”，再加末两位数。，再加末两位数。101 a hundred and one101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight 648 six hundred and forty-eight注意注意

5、：在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。29,43150076,thousandhundredmillionbillionand6)1，000以上数目以上数目,从右向左每三位用从右向左每三位用“，”分开分开,分别读为分别读为thousand,million,billion，注意：注意：这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加能加andand。E E千位数以上：千位数以上：千位数以上：千位数以上：10001000以上数目以上数目以上数目以上数目,从右向左每三位用从右向左每三位用从右向左每三位用从右向左每三位用“，”分开分开分开分开

6、,分别读为分别读为分别读为分别读为thousand,thousand,million,billionmillion,billion。例如：例如：例如：例如：5,237,166,2 34 5,237,166,2 34 读作读作读作读作：2,648 2,648 16,250,064 16,250,064 billionmillionthousandhundredandfive billionfive billion，two hundred and thirtyseven milliontwo hundred and thirtyseven million，one one hundred and s

7、ixtysix thousandhundred and sixtysix thousand，two hundred and thirtyfourtwo hundred and thirtyfourtwo thousand,six hundred and fortyeighttwo thousand,six hundred and fortyeightsixteen million,two hundred and fifty thousand,sixtyfoursixteen million,two hundred and fifty thousand,sixtyfour2 2 2 2基数词用法

8、：基数词用法：基数词用法：基数词用法：、表示具体数目表示具体数目表示具体数目表示具体数目,hundred,thousand,million,hundred,thousand,million不用复数。不用复数。不用复数。不用复数。表示不确表示不确表示不确表示不确定数目定数目定数目定数目,用复数。即用复数。即用复数。即用复数。即hundreds of(hundreds of(数百数百数百数百),thousands of(),thousands of(数千数千数千数千),millions),millions of(of(数百万数百万数百万数百万)+)+名词复数名词复数名词复数名词复数,可以用可以用可

9、以用可以用many/severalmany/several修饰，但不能与具体数目修饰，但不能与具体数目修饰，但不能与具体数目修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。连用。连用。连用。1)Our country has a population of 1)Our country has a population of 1,300 million1,300 million people.people.2)There are 2)There are three thousandthree thousand students in our school.students in our school.3)After

10、 the war,3)After the war,thousands ofthousands of people became homeless.people became homeless.4)4)Several/Many thousands ofSeveral/Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.trees must be planted every year.注意：注意：注意：注意：several thousands of several thousands of treestrees =several thousand

11、several thousand treestrees 即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：Many_ trees must be planted every year.Many_ trees must be planted every year.A.thousands of B.million of C.hundred of D.hundreds A.thousands of B.million of C.hundred of D.hundredsfour thousand of the students(four thousand of the students(学生中的四千人学生中的

12、四千人学生中的四千人学生中的四千人)four thousand students(four thousand students(四千学生四千学生四千学生四千学生)注意注意、“几十几十几十几十”的复数形式可以表示：的复数形式可以表示：的复数形式可以表示：的复数形式可以表示：几十多岁几十多岁几十多岁几十多岁 “in+ones+in+ones+整十的数词复数整十的数词复数整十的数词复数整十的数词复数”年年年年 代代代代 “in+the+in+the+整十的数词复数整十的数词复数整十的数词复数整十的数词复数”My parents are My parents are in their fortiesi

13、n their forties.It was It was in the 1960s/in the 1960sin the 1960s/in the 1960sIn the ninetiesIn the nineties,most people go to work by bike.,most people go to work by bike.、基数词表示编码：基数词表示编码：基数词表示编码：基数词表示编码：Room 207Room 207 207207房房房房 Class 2Class 2，Grade 9Grade 9 九年级二班九年级二班九年级二班九年级二班 Page Five=the

14、fifth pagePage Five=the fifth page 第五页第五页第五页第五页 Lesson One=the first lessonLesson One=the first lesson 第一课第一课第一课第一课Bus No.3=the No.3 busBus No.3=the No.3 bus 3 3号汽车号汽车号汽车号汽车No.1 Middle SchoolNo.1 Middle School 第一中学第一中学第一中学第一中学注意注意注意注意：用此种方法表用此种方法表用此种方法表用此种方法表示时，首字母需大写，示时，首字母需大写，示时，首字母需大写，示时，首字母需大写，不

15、加冠词。不加冠词。不加冠词。不加冠词。twentiestwenties，thirtiesthirties，fortiesforties，fiftiesfifties，sixtiessixties，seventiesseventies，eightieseighties，ninetiesnineties即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：1.In his _(fifty),he started to learn English.1.In his _(fifty),he started to learn English.2.The city changed a lot _.2.The city

16、changed a lot _.A.in 1980s B.in the 1980s C.in the 1980 A.in 1980s B.in the 1980s C.in the 19803.He graduated in _ of _ century.3.He graduated in _ of _ century.A.the sixtieth;twenty B.sixty;the twentieth A.the sixtieth;twenty B.sixty;the twentieth C.the sixties;the twentieth C.the sixties;the twent

17、ieth4.He got the prize _.A.in his fifties B.in fifties C.in his fifty4.He got the prize _.A.in his fifties B.in fifties C.in his fifty5.The winner is _.He is an _ boy.5.The winner is _.He is an _ boy.A.eightyearold;eight years old A.eightyearold;eight years old B.eight years old;eightyearold B.eight

18、 years old;eightyearold C.eightyears old;eightyearold C.eightyears old;eightyearold6.He came to China _.6.He came to China _.A.at the age of 20 B.when he is 20 C.at age of 20 A.at the age of 20 B.when he is 20 C.at age of 20B fifties C A B A 即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：1)1)How far is your uncles home from h

19、ere?Its about two_ drive.How far is your uncles home from here?Its about two_ drive.A.hours A.hours B.hours C.hoursB.hours C.hours D.hourD.hour2)2)Dont talk to Simon like that.He is only an _ boy.Dont talk to Simon like that.He is only an _ boy.A.eleven year old A.eleven year old B.eleven years oldB

20、.eleven years old C.eleven year old C.eleven year old D.eleven years old D.eleven years old C A、“基数词基数词基数词基数词+名词名词名词名词”的合成形容词作定语。的合成形容词作定语。的合成形容词作定语。的合成形容词作定语。Kate is Kate is an eighteen year oldan eighteen year old girl.girl.凯特是个凯特是个凯特是个凯特是个1818岁的女孩。岁的女孩。岁的女孩。岁的女孩。eighteeneighteen的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词

21、的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词anan。注意：注意：注意：注意：这种合成形容词的结构为：这种合成形容词的结构为：这种合成形容词的结构为：这种合成形容词的结构为：“数词单数名词形容词数词单数名词形容词数词单数名词形容词数词单数名词形容词”。复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符“”。a a sevendaysevenday holiday=a holiday=a seven daysseven days holiday h

22、oliday have ahave a twoweek twoweek holiday holiday=have ahave a two weeks two weeks holiday holiday有两周的休假有两周的休假有两周的休假有两周的休假ask for a ask for a threedaythreeday leave leave=ask for a ask for a three daysthree days leave leave请三天假请三天假请三天假请三天假、表示时刻表示时刻表示时刻表示时刻 （注意：注意：注意：注意：表示在几点钟用介词表示在几点钟用介词 at）1)1)顺读

23、法顺读法顺读法顺读法先时后分先时后分先时后分先时后分,“几点几分几点几分几点几分几点几分”9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twentyone 9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twentyone 3)153)15分钟：分钟：分钟：分钟：a quartera quarter 30 30分钟：分钟：分钟：分钟：a halfa half 9:15 9:15 a quarter past ninea quarter past nine 12:30 12:30 half past twelvehalf past twelve2)2)逆读法逆读法逆读法逆读法先分后时先

24、分后时先分后时先分后时 表示表示表示表示“几点过几分几点过几分几点过几分几点过几分”，半小时以内，介词用，半小时以内，介词用，半小时以内，介词用，半小时以内，介词用pastpast，分钟数分钟数分钟数分钟数+past+past+钟点数。钟点数。钟点数。钟点数。10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight表示表示表示表示“几点差几分几点差几分几点差几分几点差几分”，半小时以上，介词用，半小时以上，介词用，半小时以上，介词用，半小时以上，介词用toto，60 60减原分钟减原分钟

25、减原分钟减原分钟+to+to+(下一个下一个下一个下一个)钟点数。钟点数。钟点数。钟点数。9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight、表计量：表计量：表计量：表计量：“基数词基数词基数词基数词+度量单位度量单位度量单位度量单位+形容词形容词形容词形容词”The classroom is The classroom is 7 meters long7 meters long,6 meters wide and,6 meters wide and 3 meters high3 meters hig

26、h.Its already 7:40 now.When will the film start?_.We still have five minutes.A.A quarter to seven B.Seven past fortyfive C.A quarter to eight5:156:45a quarter分钟逢分钟逢15即即 一刻钟一刻钟4:40（60-分钟）分钟）+to+（小时（小时+1）30分钟分钟7:50按顺序读基数词按顺序读基数词简化法简化法3:30half+past+小时小时=30 分钟分钟2:10分钟分钟+past+小时小时 30分钟分钟1:00基数词（基数词（+oclo

27、ck)整点整点读法读法例例表示法表示法时间类型时间类型one oclockten past twohalf past threetwenty to fivea quarter past fivea quarter to sevenseven fifty我看我行：我看我行：我看我行：我看我行：.月、日、年：在月、日、年：在2008年年10月月1日日、年、月、日的表示法：年、月、日的表示法：年、月、日的表示法：年、月、日的表示法：on Octorber the first,two thousand and eight日日the+序数词序数词月月（首字母大写）（首字母大写）月日与年之间用月日与年之间

28、用 ，分开分开年年（两位两位读）（两位两位读）on August the ninthAugust the ninthin May,two thousand and tenMay,two thousand and ten注意：注意：有日用有日用 on 无日用无日用inon Oct.1st,2008.月、日：月、日：在在8月月9日日.月、年：月、年：在在2010年年5月月写法：读法：读法：1.The accident happened on_.1.The accident happened on_.A.April 5,2001 A.April 5,2001 B.2001,April 5 B.200

29、1,April 5 C.April 2001,5 C.April 2001,52.I was born _.2.I was born _.A.in March 8,1993 A.in March 8,1993 B.on July 9,1994 B.on July 9,1994 C.on May,1995 C.on May,1995即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：一个半小时一个半小时两个半小时两个半小时 two and a half hours=two hours and a halfone and a half hours=one hour and a half、“半半半半”的表示法的

30、表示法的表示法的表示法:1.The boy always stays there for _.1.The boy always stays there for _.A.one and half hour A.one and half hour B.one and a half hour B.one and a half hour C.one and a half hours C.one and a half hours2.The old man drank_ beer.2.The old man drank_ beer.A.two bottles and a half A.two bottle

31、s and a half B.two and a half bottle B.two and a half bottle C.two bottle and a half C.two bottle and a half“一两天一两天一两天一两天”“”“的表示法：的表示法：的表示法：的表示法：one day or twoone day or twoone or two daysone or two days注意：注意：注意：注意：“三年半三年半三年半三年半”three years and a halfthree years and a halfthree and a half yearsthree

32、 and a half years再例如：再例如：再例如：再例如：“一倍一倍”once “两倍两倍”twice，“三倍三倍”three times (三倍或以上三倍或以上 基数词基数词times)、倍数的表示法：倍数的表示法：倍数的表示法：倍数的表示法：This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigger than that one.A+be+A+be+倍数倍数倍数倍数 +as+adj.+as+adj.原形原形原形原形+as+B.+as+B.A A是是是是B B的的的的 倍倍倍倍 A A+be+be+倍

33、数倍数倍数倍数 +adj.+adj.比比比比+than+than+B B.A A比比比比B B 倍倍倍倍即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：即学即用：1.This building is _ that building.A.three time as tall as B.twice taller than C.three times as taller as2.我的箱子比你的重六倍我的箱子比你的重六倍!My box is _ yours.six times heavier thanseven times as heavy as、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，

34、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，“0”0”读作读作读作读作“o”o”或或或或“zero”zero”。数字连续重现时可用。数字连续重现时可用。数字连续重现时可用。数字连续重现时可用“doubledouble(双双双双)”)”。6288440562884405读作读作读作读作six two eight eight four four o(six two eight eight four four o(或或或或zero)fivezero)five或或或或six six two double eight double four o(two double eigh

35、t double four o(或或或或zero)fivezero)five。、another,moreanother,more修饰数词的用法：修饰数词的用法：修饰数词的用法：修饰数词的用法：.another.another 表表表表“另外的、另外的、另外的、另外的、额外的、附加的额外的、附加的额外的、附加的额外的、附加的”时，用时，用时，用时，用“anotheranother+具体数字具体数字具体数字具体数字+名词名词名词名词”结构。例如：结构。例如：结构。例如：结构。例如：The strike may last another three The strike may last anoth

36、er three daysdays罢工可能还要持续三天。罢工可能还要持续三天。罢工可能还要持续三天。罢工可能还要持续三天。Have you finished your report yet Have you finished your report yet？No No，I will finish it in I will finish it in 10 minutes10 minutes A Aanother Banother BOther COther Cmore Dmore Dless less.more.more表表表表“另外的、另外的、另外的、另外的、额外的、附加的额外的、附加的额外的

37、、附加的额外的、附加的”时，用时，用时，用时，用“具体数字具体数字具体数字具体数字+more+more+名词名词名词名词”结构。结构。结构。结构。二、序数词二、序数词二、序数词二、序数词 表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾加词尾加词尾加词尾thth构成；多个单词时，仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前构成；多个单词时，仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前构成；多个单词时，仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前构成；多个单词时，仅

38、最后一个变为序数词。序数词前一般需加一般需加一般需加一般需加“the”the”。1 1“基数词基数词基数词基数词”变变变变“序数词序数词序数词序数词”的口诀：的口诀：的口诀：的口诀：基变序，有规律，基变序，有规律，基变序，有规律，基变序，有规律，一、二、三特殊记，一、二、三特殊记，一、二、三特殊记，一、二、三特殊记，firstfirst，secondsecond，thirdthird，从四开始加从四开始加从四开始加从四开始加 thth，八去，八去，八去，八去t t，九去，九去，九去，九去e e加加加加 thth，五、十二变五、十二变五、十二变五、十二变veve为为为为f f加加加加thth，整

39、十后变整十后变整十后变整十后变y y为为为为ie ie加加加加thth，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。基数词基数词基数词基数词 序数词序数词序数词序数词 数字写法数字写法数字写法数字写法 one first 1st one first 1st two second 2nd two second 2nd three third 3rd three third 3rd five fifth 5th five fifth 5th eight eighth 8th eight eighth 8th

40、nine ninth 9th nine ninth 9th twelve twelfth 12th twelve twelfth 12th twenty twentieth 20th twenty twentieth 20th twentyone twentyfirst 21st twentyone twentyfirst 21st twentytwo twentysecond 22nd twentytwo twentysecond 22nd twentythree twentythird 23rd twentythree twentythird 23rd twentyfour twentyf

41、ourth 24th twentyfour twentyfourth 24th 2 2序数词的用法：序数词的用法：序数词的用法：序数词的用法：.序数词作定语，前面要加序数词作定语，前面要加序数词作定语，前面要加序数词作定语，前面要加thethe。TheThe firstfirst truck is carrying a food truck is carrying a food basketbasket John lives on John lives on the the fifteenthfifteenth floor floorShe is She is my firstmy first

42、 English teacher.English teacher.（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名词性物主代词不用词性物主代词不用词性物主代词不用词性物主代词不用thethe）.有时有时有时有时“a/an+a/an+序数词序数词序数词序数词+名词名词名词名词”，表示，表示，表示，表示“再一再一再一再一”，“又一又一又一又一”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。Well have to do it Well have to do it a second timea second timeShall I a

43、sk him Shall I ask him a third timea third time？注意：注意：注意：注意：moremore和和和和anotheranother都有都有都有都有 再；又再；又再；又再；又 之意。区别如下：之意。区别如下：之意。区别如下：之意。区别如下：.“.“基数词基数词基数词基数词moremore名词名词名词名词”。如：。如：。如：。如：The boy had two more The boy had two more apples/two apples more.apples/two apples more.句型可变为：句型可变为：句型可变为：句型可变为：“so

44、me/a few/a some/a few/a little/many/muchlittle/many/much等等等等moremore名词名词名词名词”。如：。如：。如：。如：Would you like some more tea?Would you like some more tea?.“another.“another基数词名词基数词名词基数词名词基数词名词”。如：。如：。如：。如：He wrote another two He wrote another two letters/two more letters to her.letters/two more letters to

45、her.三、分数、百分数三、分数、百分数三、分数、百分数三、分数、百分数1 1分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：先读分子，再读分母。先读分子，再读分母。先读分子，再读分母。先读分子，再读分母。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1 1时，分母加时，分母加时，分母加时，分母加s s。分子为分子为分子为分子为oneone时可换用时可换用时可换用时可换用“a”a”。Two thirds of the students Two thirds of the s

46、tudents areare girls in our class.girls in our class.在我们班，三分之在我们班，三分之在我们班，三分之在我们班，三分之二的学生是女孩。二的学生是女孩。二的学生是女孩。二的学生是女孩。2 21/21/2读作读作读作读作“a(one)halfa(one)half”(”(而不是而不是而不是而不是a second“a second“一秒钟一秒钟一秒钟一秒钟”)；1/41/4既可既可既可既可读作读作读作读作“a(one)quartera(one)quarter”，又可读作，又可读作，又可读作，又可读作“a(one)fourth”a(one)fourth

47、”。Three quartersThree quarters of the worlds books and newspapers of the worlds books and newspapers are writtenare written in in English.English.世界上世界上世界上世界上3/43/4的书和报纸是用英语写的。的书和报纸是用英语写的。的书和报纸是用英语写的。的书和报纸是用英语写的。15分子分子 基数词基数词分母分母 序数词序数词one fifth27分子分子 1分母分母+stwo sevenths14分子分子 a分母分母 quartera quarter

48、34three quarters12a half13three and one third3基数词基数词+and+分数分数分数读法练习：分数读法练习：分数读法练习：分数读法练习：3 3.百百百百分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：分数的表达与读法：先读基数词，再读百分号先读基数词，再读百分号先读基数词，再读百分号先读基数词，再读百分号“%”(%”(读作读作读作读作percent)percent)。5%5%读作读作读作读作five percent 0five percent 05%5%读作读作读作读作zero point five percent zero point five

49、 percent 80%80%读作读作读作读作eighty percent eighty percent 200%200%读作读作读作读作two hundred percenttwo hundred percenthalf half/(百百百百)分数分数分数分数 +of+of+可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词复数 ，谓语动词用复数，谓语动词用复数，谓语动词用复数，谓语动词用复数half half/(百百百百)分数分数分数分数 +of+of+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数不可数名词，谓语动词用单数不可数名词，谓语动词用单数不可数名词，谓语动词用单数但是：但是：但是：但是：half hal

50、f/(百百百百)分数分数分数分数 +of+population+of+population谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数注意：注意：注意：注意：1._ of the students _ boys in Class 1._ of the students _ boys in Class A.Two three;are B.Two thirds;are A.Two three;are B.Two thirds;are C.Two thirds;is C.Two thirds;is2._ of her money _ spent on clothes.2._ of her