CET-4写作高分策略.ppt
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1、CET-4写作高分策略目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线三、穿针引线四、四、谋篇布局谋篇布局五、锦上添花五、锦上添花六、作文类型六、作文类型大学英语四级写作评分原则与标准评分原则1。采用总体印象评分,给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数扣分。2。从内容和语言两个方面综合评判。评分标准大学英语教学大纲关于四级写作的要求是培养学生初步的写作能力。具体体现在四个方面:切题与否,内容表达清楚与否,文字通顺连贯与否,语言错误多与否。写作部分占总分的15%,分值为107分(总分710分)。按卷面15分计算,阅卷标准分5个等级:14分,11分、8分、5分、2分。14分标准切题;表达思想清楚;文字通顺;连
2、贯性较好;基本上无语言错误,仅个别拼写错误。11分标准切题;表示思想清楚;文字连贯,但有少量语法错误。大学英语四级写作评分标准8分标准基本切题;有些地方表达思想不够清楚;文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误5分标准基本切题;表达思想不清楚;连贯性较差;有较多的语言错误。2分标准条理不清;思路紊乱;语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,并且多数为严重错误(白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。注:1。如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不得记入所写字数;2。只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者:0-9分(指规定三段的作文)对照标准看作文TrafficinB
3、igCities1.Traffichasbecomeasocialprobleminbigcities.2.Onewaytosolvethisproblemis.3.Anotherwayis.Traffichasbecomeasocialprobleminbigcities.Ofcourse,haveacarisagoodthing,butifeverypersonownacar,thestreetswillbecametoocrowded.so,trafficjamsoccurredduringtherushhoursandaccidentshappenedmoreoften.Onewayt
4、osolvethisproblemisdeveloppublictransportationsystem.Forexample,weshouldbuymorebusesandweshouldbuiltmoreroads,especiallyround-the-cityroadsAndundergroundtrainsisalsoagoodsolution.Anotherwayistoreducethebigcityspopulation.Ourcountrypopulationcontrolisawiseandnecessarypolicy.Ifbigcitypeoplereduce,traf
5、ficwilllesscrowded.【点评】第一句抄起始句,无问题。第二句,想说“有车是件好事”但英文就大错特错了。须知,英文的主语一般只能是四部分组成:名词(含代词)、动名词v-ing、动词不定式to及句子。动词have是不能当主语的,至少应改为“having”。接下来,everyperson那动词own自然应该加“s”了。streetswill后面动词用原形become,第三行so大写“s”,TrafficJamsoccurredandaccidentshappened.动词完全不需要用过去式,那样,就给人以一种“事情已过去,现在已经不堵车,也没有交通事故”的印象。所以,议论文中使用过去
6、式一定要合理,不要滥用。第二段“Onewaytosolvethisproblemistodevelop.”才行。一般来说,每句话只应有一个谓语动词(并列时当成一个看),所以,有了“is”,“develop”必须消掉(消动词有三招,tov,v-ing,v-ed过去分词)。Weshouldbuild.,And应小写。undergroundtrainsis.主谓语不协调或改为trainsare,或改为trainis,后者更好些,因为此处是在讲“地铁”这种形式是一个好办法。评分标准对我们的启示评分标准对我们的启示1、作文主要考查、作文主要考查“思路思路”与与“英文水平英文水平”针对训练针对训练2、2分
7、段:笔下病句横行,表述不知所云分段:笔下病句横行,表述不知所云祛除病句祛除病句3、5分段:遍地残金断玉,捡拾无处下手分段:遍地残金断玉,捡拾无处下手穿针引线穿针引线4、8分段:克敌有心无力,临阵功亏一篑分段:克敌有心无力,临阵功亏一篑运筹帷幄运筹帷幄5、11分段:发挥四平八稳,结果差强人意分段:发挥四平八稳,结果差强人意锦上添花锦上添花 自我定位自我定位 努力方向努力方向1114锦上添花锦上添花:句库与闪光点句库与闪光点 811运筹帷幄运筹帷幄:谋篇布局与逻辑性谋篇布局与逻辑性 5 8穿针引线穿针引线:过渡词与连贯性过渡词与连贯性 2 5祛除病句祛除病句:词汇、:词汇、句型、连词与从句句型、连
8、词与从句训训练练自自下下而而上上考考试试从从此此入入手手有水平,没思路?有水平,没思路?有思路,欠水平?有思路,欠水平?没思路,欠水平?没思路,欠水平?训练谋篇布局训练谋篇布局强化词汇句型强化词汇句型埋头苦干重新做人埋头苦干重新做人6、脚踏实地,逐级努力。、脚踏实地,逐级努力。7、没有把握时最好安全运作。、没有把握时最好安全运作。8、字数合理控制。、字数合理控制。9、三段式写作缺一不可。、三段式写作缺一不可。10、整洁。、整洁。目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线三、穿针引线四、四、谋篇布局谋篇布局五、锦上添花五、锦上添花六、作文类型六、作文类型祛除病句祛除病句:词汇、:词汇、句型、连词与
9、从句句型、连词与从句治标:常见写作错误治本:词汇、句型连词与从句治标:纠正常见写作错误治标:纠正常见写作错误 一、主语错误1.主语缺失主语缺失1)Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.2)Inmyhometownarentverybusy.Peopleinmyhometownarentverybusy.2.非名词非名词/代词主语代词主语1)Richdoesntensureahappylife.Beingrichdoesntmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesntensureahappylife.2)Keeptw
10、ofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.3.主谓错位主谓错位 1)Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.2)NowpeopleslivescantleaveTV.NowpeoplecantdowithoutTV.二、谓语错误1.多重谓语1)Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.I
11、nourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated./Alargenumberofpeoplehavefallenvictimtovarioustricks.2)Povertymakesmanypeoplecantstudyabroad.Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./
12、Manypeoplecantstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.2.非动词谓语1)Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.2)Itissaidthattheplaceworthstouring.Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.3.时态/数/指代不一致Disagreements1)IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.Ihavetovisittheteac
13、herwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.2)Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata.3)Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)4.误用词组1)Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.2)
14、Iamafraidofthatitsgoingtorain.Iamafraidthatitsgoingtorain.三句子不完整(SentenceFragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析:本句后半部分forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句
15、子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句改为:Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radioandnewspaper.四词性误用“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等例Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。改为:Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.五不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例Thefreshwater,itisthemostimpo
16、rtantthingsoftheearth.剖析:Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为:Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线三、穿针引线四、四、谋篇布局谋篇布局五、锦上添花五、锦上添花六、作文类型六、作文类型穿针引线:穿针引线:过渡词与连贯性过渡词与连贯性要做到作文表达清楚、语义连贯,考生必须学会过渡词(TransitionalWords)的使用。过渡词是一种关系指引词,它是连接句与句、段与段之间的纽带。过渡词一般为副词或起副词作用的短语,另外代词、连词
17、也可以起到过渡的作用。有意识地使用下列连接词,这对提高作文分数是很有帮助的,同时大家在使用这些词的时候,必须弄清楚哪些连接词是副词,哪些是连词。常见过渡词的类别常见过渡词的类别(1)表示并列、增加、递进:also,and,andthen,too,inaddition,again,furthermore,moreover,aswell,aswellas,or,besides,whatsmore,whatsworse,notonly.butalso,both.and,either.or,neither.nor(2)表示时间顺序:first,firstly,second,secondly,third
18、,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,now,then,soon,next,gradually,finally,when,while,until,lately,presently,recently,since,eventually,assoonas,fromthenon,inthemeantime,atthesametime,earlythismorningafterawhile,inafewdays,atlast,intheend等。(3)表示空间顺序:near(to),far(from),infrontof,behind,beside,beyond,above,belo
19、w,totheright/left,around,outside等。(4)更换表达方式:inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。(4)表示比较和对照:inthesameway,like,justlike,justas,similarly,similarto;unlike,but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,eventhough,instead,although,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,ononehand.onthe
20、otherhand,some.others等。Tomysurprise,myfatherdidnotcriticizeme.Hepraisedmeinstead.Usually,myfatherdoesntneedanassistantonhisbusinesstour.However,heofferedtotakemewithhimthistime.Iguess,myfathergavemethisopportunityasatreatformycourageousconduct.(5)表示结果和原因:because,since,so,therefore,then,thus,otherwis
21、e,thereby,hence,as,for,becauseof,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,asaresult,sothat,so.that,such.that等。Thepeopleofthetwocountrieswereonceonfriendlytermswitheachotherataperiodoftime.Butforsomehistoricalreasons,therelationsbetweenthetwonationswerebrokenoff.Asaresult,thepeoplehadbeenoutoftouchforaverylongtime.Ast
22、imewentby,thetwocountriesdecidedtorestoretheirdiplomaticrelationship.Accordingly,bothpartiesagreedtonegotiations.(6)表示目的:forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto(7)表示条件:if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas(8)表示强调:infact,actually,asamatteroffact,indeed,surely,necessarily,truly,obviously,
23、certainly,totellthetruth,mostimportant,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,torepeat,aboveall,mostimportant等。Weweretirediflivinginthenoisycrowdedcity,sowemovedtothecountryside.Werentasmallhouse.Inaddition,weboughtsomeoldfurniture.Wefeltquietathomeinthecountry.Whatismore,wecouldenjoyfreshairandlongwalkseveryday.(
24、9)表示举例:forexample,infact,inthiscase,actually,forinstance,like,suchas,especially等。XiaoWangisaveryversatilestudent.Besideshisexcellentperformanceinhisstudies,heisgoodatballgames,andbasketballinparticular.Heisagoodswimmer,too,andhecandoindifferentstyles,suchasbackstrokestyleandfreestyle.Hecanalsoplaytw
25、okindsofmusicalinstruments,namely,violinandpiano.(10)表示总结:finally,atlast,inconclusion,asIhaveshown,inaword,inbrief,inshort,ingeneral,onthewhole,ashasbeenstated,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,insummary等。White-hairedfolksreadthepaperontheirfarmhouseporchesatsunset.Worn-outwindmillsstoodal
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