2017年中考英语《被动语态》复习课件.ppt

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1、基基 础础 知知 识识一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义2.被动语态的构成：被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+bysb.我打他Ibeathim.(打过了)他被我打Hewasbeatenbyme.他喜欢她Helikesher.她被他喜欢Sheislikedbyhim.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词

2、的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。主动语态变被动语态的方法：WespeakEnglish.（主动语态）主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.（被动语态）主语谓语宾语宾变主，主变宾，前加by动变被，看清be，结构分别be+pp123主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)1.主主+am/is/are+am/is/are2.主主+am/is/are+am/is/are+beingbeing3.主主+will+be+will+be4.主主+hasbeen+hasbeen1.Heisaleader.Heisaleader.2.Heisbeingher

3、e.Heisbeinghere.3.Hewillbealeader.Hewillbealeader.4.Hehasbeenaleader.Hehasbeenaleader.主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)1.主主+was/were+was/were2.主主+was/were+was/were+beingbeing3.主主+would+be+would+be4.主主+hadbeen+hadbeen1.Hewasaleader.Hewasaleader.2.HewasbeinghereHewasbeingherejustnow.justnow.3.HewouldbeaHewouldbealeade

4、r.leader.4.HehadbeenaHehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsleaderseveralyearsago.ago.各种时态被动语态的结构:一般现在时:is/am/aredone一般将来时：willbedone现在进行时：is/am/arebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone一般过去时：was/weredone过去将来时：would/shouldbedone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone过去完成时：hadbeendone含情态动词的：情态动词+be+done被动语态:主+be+过去分词过去分词+(bysb)1.He1.

5、Heeatseatstheapple.theapple.2.He2.Heateatetheapple.theapple.3.He3.Heis eatingis eatingtheapple.theapple.4.He4.Hewas eatingwas eatingthetheapple.apple.5.He5.Hewill eatwill eattheapple.theapple.6.He6.Hewould eatwould eattheapple.theapple.7.He7.Hehas eatenhas eatentheapple.theapple.8.He8.Hehad eatenhad

6、 eatentheapple.theapple.1.Theapple1.Theappleis eatenis eatenbyhim.byhim.2.Theapple2.Theapplewas eatenwas eatenbyhim.byhim.3.Theapple3.Theappleis being eatenis being eatenbybyhim.him.4.Theapple4.Theapplewas being eatenwas being eatenbybyhim.him.5.Theapple5.Theapplewill be eatenwill be eatenbybyhim.hi

7、m.6.Theapple6.Theapplewould be eatenwould be eatenbybyhim.him.7.Theapple7.Theapplehas been eatenhas been eatenbybyhim.him.8.Theapple8.Theapplehad been eatenhad been eatenbybyhim.him.三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson.含有情态动

8、词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+bysb.1.Youmustdothisas1.Youmustdothisassoonaspossible.soonaspossible.2.Icanuseit.2.Icanuseit.3.Youshouldbuya3.Youshouldbuyadictionary.dictionary.4.Theyneedlookafter4.Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild.thelittlechild.5.Wecanchangewate

9、r5.Wecanchangewaterintoice.intoice.1.This1.Thismustbedonemustbedoneasassoonaspossible(bysoonaspossible(byyou).you).2.It2.Itcanbeusedcanbeused.3.Adictionary3.Adictionaryshouldbeshouldbeboughtbought(byyou).(byyou).4.Thelittlechild4.Thelittlechildneedbeneedbelookedafterlookedafter(bythem).(bythem).5.Wa

10、ter5.Watercanbechangedcanbechanged intoice.intoice.没有被动语态的几种情况没有被动语态的几种情况(1).所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或短语如：takeplace(发生)，happen(发生)，die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,cometruee.g:Thestoryhappenedin1990.e.g:Hisdreamhascometrue.e.g:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.(2)系动词无被动语态：be

11、,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood.听起来很好。Thecaketastesdelicious.被动语态中几个要注意的问题：1、使役动词和感官动词的被动语态在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后都是接动词原形，而在被动语态中需接动词不定式。e.g:Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy.shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews.Iheardhersinginherroomafewminutesago.Shewashea

12、rdtosinginherroomafewminutesago.2 2、含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态、含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态 有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tellshow,teach,tell等等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语宾语(指人指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指指事物事物)保留下来保留下来(称为保留宾语称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语，也可把直接宾语(指事物指事物)

13、变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词介词toto或或forfor引起的状语引起的状语(到底用到底用toto还是还是forfor，与所搭，与所搭配的动词有关配的动词有关)。比较：。比较：Hegavehersomemoney.Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。他给她一些钱。Shewasgivensomemoney.Shewasgivensomemoney.Somemoneywasgiventohim.Somemoneywasgiventohim.Heboughtherawatch.Heboughtherawatch.他给她买了一快表。他给她

14、买了一快表。Awatchwasboughtforher.Awatchwasboughtforher.Shewasboughtawatch.Shewasboughtawatch.3 3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Helistenstotheradioeveryday.Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbyt

15、henurse.基础练习题基础练习题()1.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_on()1.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.October1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedA.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfoundC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.English_inCanada.()2.English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenA.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspokenC.isspea

16、kingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafter()3.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.class.A.oftensingsB.oftensangA.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensungC.isoftensangD.isoftensungBDD()4.Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areu

17、singC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeepDCB()7.Anewhouse_atthecornerofthe()7.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.road.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltA.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()8.Thekey_onthetablewhenIleave.()8.Thekey_onthetabl

18、ewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftA.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()9.Hisnewbook_nextmonth.()9.Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A.willbepublishedA.willbepublishedB.ispublishingB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublishedD.hasbeenpublishedBCA()10.Theflowers_o

19、ften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwaterB提高练习题提高练习题1.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt2.Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshownAA3.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalon

20、gtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept4.-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry._.A.itsoldB.itssellingC.ItsbeensoldD.ithadbeensoldDC5.Thesepapers_yet.5.Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenA.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwritten

21、D.hasnotbeenwritten6.Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.6.Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesntA.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt7.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.7.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedA.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrowC.keepD.borrowBBA8.Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.

22、canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended9.Tea_inthesouthofChina.(多)A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow10.Oldpeoplemust_.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwellDBD11.Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.11.Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareA.aretakengoodcareB.are

23、takengoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofC.takegoodcareof D.takegoodcareD.takegoodcare12.I_fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshould12.I_fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.goornot.A.amgivenB.wasbeengivingA.amgivenB.wasbeengivingC.hadgivenD.wasgivenC.hadgivenD.wasgiven13.Shewill_goodcare_.13.

24、Shewill_goodcare_.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofA.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyouC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyouBDB14.Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done15.Thesechildren_dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto16.Thebike_500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscostedBAC17.Thei

25、mportantmeeting_onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had18.Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplacetoB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplaceBD19.Themedicine_inadryandcoolplace.A.keepB.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeepC练练 习习 题题1.Somebody_Jackphonedwhileyouwereout.A.tocallB

26、.callingC.beingcalledD.called2.Thesewalls_stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto3.Jane_tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid4.Thecoat_hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto5.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone_.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken

27、6.Theboy_ismyfriend.A.isnamedJohnB.nameJohnC.namedJohnD.arenamedJohn7.Thestorybooks_bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting8.Thefirsttextbook_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written9.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell_.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spendingAnswers:1-5DABCA6-10CBDBB