高2-8模块-1单元 Grammar.ppt
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1、 Grammar and usage Negative statements(否定陈述否定陈述)Step 1 Lead-inLook at these picturesNanjing is the capital city of China.Is it a true statement?The statement is untrue.Nanjing is not the capital city of China.negative statement Recall the ways to make negative statements.The most commonly used negat
2、ive words are:no,not,never and neitherStep 2 (work in pairs)Step 3Read the guidelines on page 8When are the negative statements often used?Negative statements areoften used to correct a mistaken idea.e.g.Money does not buy happiness.Step 4 (work in small groups)Read Part 1-4 and conclude the form(s)
3、of negative statement in each part.DiscussionDiscussionUnit One The written wordPart 1 例句例句构成构成类类型型结论结论For examplePart 1 例句例句1.I do notthink so.2.I have never seen the film.3.I do not like either of the films.4.The problems remained unsettled.1).1).助动词助动词+not+not 2).2).全否定词全否定词+肯定谓肯定谓语部分语部分全全体体否否定定全
4、体否定是百分之百全体否定是百分之百地否认一个事物的存地否认一个事物的存在、成立或真实性。在、成立或真实性。表示全体否定的否定表示全体否定的否定词有词有:no,not,nothing,nobody,none,nowhere,never,neither,nor,not.nearly,not.half,以及以及not.possible 等等.构成构成类类型型结论结论3).3).not+any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere/either4).4).带否定词缀的词带否定词缀的词 判断正误判断正误 1.There is not nearly enough time to
5、 learn all these words.要把这些新词都学会了,时间远远不够。要把这些新词都学会了,时间远远不够。要学会这些新词,时间不太多。要学会这些新词,时间不太多。2.Its not half bad,your new flat.你这套新公寓不到一半坏。你这套新公寓不到一半坏。你这套新公寓很不错。你这套新公寓很不错。3.You cant possibly take all that luggage with you.绝不可能把所有的那些行李都带走。绝不可能把所有的那些行李都带走。你不太可能把所有的行李都带走。你不太可能把所有的行李都带走。正正正正正正误误误误误误Part 2 例句例句
6、1.It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.=It is quite common to find her reading the newspaper.2.Unless you read the novel yourself,you will never know what happens at the end.)把否定词)把否定词notnot放在带放在带有否定前缀的单词前面:有否定前缀的单词前面:这类双重否定形式,是这类双重否定形式,是一种委婉说法,削弱了一种委婉说法,削弱了句子意义,语气通常比句子意义,语气通常比单纯的肯定句
7、弱。单纯的肯定句弱。构成构成2)2)用否定跟含否定意义的用否定跟含否定意义的连接连接unless,until,butunless,until,but等词连用,构成双重否定,等词连用,构成双重否定,用来表示强烈的肯定。用来表示强烈的肯定。双双重重否否定定 类类型型结论结论双重否定是指双重否定是指两个否定成分两个否定成分限定同一个词限定同一个词或词素;或是或词素;或是一个否定词否一个否定词否定另一个否定定另一个否定词,取得肯定词,取得肯定意义的表达形意义的表达形式。式。否定之否否定之否定成为肯定,定成为肯定,这是合乎逻辑这是合乎逻辑的。的。Part 2 例句例句1.Not many people
8、heard the speech=Very few people heard the speech.2.Not all he said was to the point.3.I cant see everybody.1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time,distance or a noun phrase including quantities.构成构成2.not+all/both/each/everybody/everything部部分分否否定定类类型型结论结论含有总括含义含有总括含义的的词词,用于否定用于否定句时句时,只否定一只否定
9、一部分,而不是部分,而不是完全否定完全否定.如如all,everybody all,everybody everything,everything,always,bothalways,both,wholly wholly 等词与等词与notnot连用时连用时,在在汉语中译为汉语中译为“不全是不全是”“不总是不总是”等等.4.I dont wholly agree with you.3.以一般否定句的形式以一般否定句的形式出现,即把否定主语的出现,即把否定主语的 notnot与谓语动词放在一与谓语动词放在一起。起。Part 3 例句例句1.I wonder whether/if I should
10、nt bring an umbrella.=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.2.I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.=.I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon主句主句+whether/if引导引导的否定的否定陈述陈述构成构成类类型型结论结论 将否定词和将否定词和whetherwhether/if/if连用连用,来表达对于来表达对于某种情况的疑虑某种情况的疑虑,常常用于口语中用于口语中.I wonder I wonder whethe
11、r/if whether/if 一般一般用于表达个人的用于表达个人的决定决定I wouldnt be I wouldnt be surprised ifsurprised if一般一般不用于表达个人不用于表达个人的决定的决定ifif从从句中句中的附的附加否加否定定Part 4 例句例句1.Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.2.The classis are far from disappearing.3.Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say4.Unless you read the novel yo
12、urself,you will never know what happens at the end.含有否定意义的词汇与结构含有否定意义的词汇与结构 1.1.动词及短语动词及短语动词动词:fail(+to do.),miss,ignore prevent/keep/protect.from等等2.名词名词:absence,failure,refusal等等3.形容词形容词:few,little,free(from),far from等等4.副词副词:hardly,seldom等等5.介词:介词:above,beneath,below,out(of)等等6.连词:连词:unless,befor
13、e,or 等等7.7.结构结构:tooto 太太(以致于以致于)不不 ratherthan“宁愿宁愿而不而不”等等 隐隐性性否否定定隐性否定是隐性否定是一种一种有意无有意无形形的含蓄否的含蓄否定定,常用含常用含否定词的单否定词的单词词,词组词组,句句型等来表示型等来表示否定意义否定意义.这种否定意这种否定意义用法隐藏义用法隐藏在句子的深在句子的深层含义中层含义中.构成构成结论结论5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.6.Joe would rather die than see any harm cometo pip.类型类型 S
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