语言测试幻灯片.ppt

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1、语言测试课件第1页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二StScoreRankFCFRCFPCFB4911201.00100G482119.9595A473118.9090H/D464217.8585I456115.7575C447114.7070E/O/F438313.6565J4211110.5050L411219.4545N401318.4040K391417.3535M381516.3030P371615.2525R361714.2020Q351813.1515S341912.1010T332011.0552Table 1:Percentile Scores第2页，共23页，编辑于202

2、2年，星期二ScoreMeandd3527864347493363633636N=2632525X=7023039Mean=702 26=2730392924d=4322924d/N=432 26=16.62 27002700s.d.=d/N=16.62 =4.77=4.8 270026-1126-1126-1126-1126-11 25-24 25-24 25-24 24-39 23-416 23-416 22-525 20-749 19-8643Table 2:Standard Deviation第3页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二StXYXYXY181064100802572549

3、35346163624435925155020406683664487131938020409359251510244168N=10X=32 Y=52X=164Y=332 XY=228 N XY(X)(Y)10228 32 52rxy=N X (X)N Y (Y)10164 3210332 52 2280 1664616 =1.00 1640 10243320 2704 616 6164Table 3:Calculation of Correlation Coefficient第4页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二5Figure 1:Norm Distribution and Standa

4、rd Score -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3(z score)20 30 40 50 60 70 80(T score)200 300 400 500 600 700 800(CEEB s.)2%14%34%34%14%2%第5页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二Suppose there is a 10-point writing task in a test and 5 testees have taken the test.Their writing scores are as follows:S1.5 S2.8S3.7 S4.3 S5.7Total Score of th

5、e testees:30Number of Testees:5Full Score of the item:10Apply the formula:FV=Total Score(30)/N(5)/Full Score(10)=30/5/10=3.6/10=0.66Example 1:Facility Value of Subjective Items第6页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二Suppose there is a 10-point writing task in a test and 50 testees have taken the test.Their writing sco

6、res are divided into three groups as follows:UG 15(consisting of 30%of the testees)MG 20(consisting of 40%of the testees)LG 15(consisting of 30%of the testees)Total Score of the UG:120Total Score of the LG:60Number of Testees in UG/LG:15Full Score of the item:10Apply the formula:D=(Total Score of UG

7、(120)-Total Score of LG(60)/n(15)/Full Score(10)=(120-60)/15/10=60/15/10=4/10=0.47Example 2:Calculation of Subjective Items D Value第7页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二Lecture I:Definition and Types of Language TestsI.Definition of Language tests（定义）（定义）Language tests are instruments used to measure language abilit

8、y or aptitude.(语言测试是检测考生语言能力的测量工具。)A defining feature of language tests is that they consist of specified tasks through which language abilities are elicited.They are thus distinguished from scales,which represent only the means of describing or reporting the results of the test.8第8页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星

9、期二II:Types of Language Tests（类型）（类型）1.According to the Intended Uses（根据用途划分）1.Achievement Test（成绩测试）2.Proficiency Test（水平测试）3.Diagnostic Test（诊断测试）4.Aptitude Test（学习潜能测试）2.According to the Scoring Procedure（根据评分划分）1.Subjective Test（主观测试）2.Objective Test（客观测试）9第9页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二3.According to the

10、Frame of Reference（根据参照系统划分）1.Norm-referenced Test（常模参照测试）2.Criterion-referenced Test（标准参照测试）10第10页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二Lecture II:Qualities of a Good Test（测试的评价标准）（测试的评价标准）I.Reliability（可靠性）1.the Concept（可靠性的概念）可靠性指的是测试结果的稳定性和一致性2.Types of Reliability（可靠性的分类）1)Test-retest reliability（复测可靠性）2)Rater rel

11、iability（阅卷可靠性）3)Item reliability（项目可靠性）11第11页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二II.Validity(有效性)1.The Concept(概念)有效性指的是测试实际所测与我们要求所测结果之间的一致性。2.Types of Validity(分类)1)Content validity(内容有效性)2)Concurrent validity(同期有效性)3)Predictive validity(预测有效性)4)Face validity(外观有效性)5)Construct validity(构卷有效性)12第12页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星

12、期二III.Comprehensiveness(全面性)IV.Discrimination(区分性)V.Impartiality(公平性)1.Cultural background (文化背景)2.Background knowledge(知识背景)3.Cognitive characteristics(认知特征)1).Field independence(场独立)2).Ignorance tolerance(对无知的容忍度)4.Ethnicity and native language(民族与母语)5.Sex and age(性别与年龄)13第13页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二VI.

13、Practicality(实用性)1.Economy(经济)2.Scorability(评分可操作性)3.Administrability(施测可行性)4.Interpretability(分数解释可行性)VII.Beneficial Backwash(对教学的正面影响)14第14页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二Lecture III:Interpreting and Using Test Results(分数的解释与使用分数的解释与使用)I.The Ranking Statistics(等级统计等级统计)1.The rank score(等级分)(See Table 1)2.Frequ

14、ency distribution(频度分布)(See Table 1)3.Percentile score(百分位)(See Table 1)1).The Frequency(频度)Firstly,work out the frequency distribution of the raw scores.15第15页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二2).The Cumulative Frequency(累计频度)Working from the bottom to the top,you count the number ofscores below a certain score an

15、d add the frequency number to the number and this number will be the cumulative frequency of the score.For example,if we want to know the cumulative frequency of the score 40,we count the number of scores16第16页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二below 40 which is 7 and then we add the frequency number of the score 40

16、 which is 1,and we have 8 which is the cumulative frequency number for the score 40.(See Table 1)3).The Relative Cumulative Frequency(相关累计频度)Then figure out the relative cumulative frequency by using the following formula:RCF=Cumulative frequency/Total frequency(in this case the total frequency is 2

17、0).(See Table 1)17第17页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二4).The Percentage Cumulative Frequency(百分位百分位)The percentage cumulative frequency is obtained by using the following formula:PCF=RCF*100(See Table 1)II.Measures of Central Tendency(中央倾向的计中央倾向的计算算)1.Mode(众数)2.Median(中数)3.Mean(平均数)18第18页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二III.Mea

18、sures of Dispersion(离散性的计算离散性的计算)1.Range(Range=Highest Score-Lowest Score)(全距差)2.Standard deviation(s.d.=d/N)(标准差)1).find out the amount by which each score deviates from the mean;(d=deviation)2).square each result;(d)3).total all the results;(d)4).divide the total by the number of testees;(d/N)5).f

19、ind the square root of this result.(s.d.=d/N)(See Table 2)19第19页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二3.Standard Score(标准分)Standard scores express a testees score in relation to how far it differs from the mean of a test in terms of standard deviations.(See Figure 1)1)Z Score:z=(X-Mean)/s.d.2)T Score:T=10z+503)College

20、Entrance Examination Board Score:CEEB=100z+50020第20页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二IV.Item Analysis(项目分析项目分析)1.Item difficulty(项目难易度):FV=R/N(for objective items)客观题难易度=答对该题的人数/考生总人数 FV=Total Score/N/Full Score(for subjective items)(See example 1)主观题难易度=考生在该题所得总分/考生总人数/该题的分值21第21页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二2.Item discrimi

21、nation(项目的区分性):D=(RU-RL)/n(for objective items)客观题的区分性=（高分段考生答对该题的人数-低分段考生答对该题的人数）/分段人数D=(Total Score of U-Total Score of L)/n/Item Full Score(See example 2)主观题的区分性=（高分段考生该题所得的总分-低分段考生该题所得的总分）/分段人数/该题的分值 22第22页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二3.Distractor analysis(干扰项分析):e.g.The new model costs twice more than A(0)*B(76)last years model.C(13)D(44)23第23页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期二