初中英语五种基本句型ppt课件.pptx

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1、初中-五种基本句型（一）五种基本句型的句子成分：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。1.主语（subject）：句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者，一般由名词，代词或具有名词或代词性质的词We often speak English in class.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.2.谓语（verb）：谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语，一

2、般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。及物动词-后面可以直接跟宾语如see/hear等I saw him last night.I heard nothing.不及物动词-本身意思完整，不需要加宾语的动词如smile/laugh等She smiled happily.They laugh loudly.1.He practices running every morning.2.I have caught a bad cold._3.宾语（object）：宾语在句中表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。They went to see a film yesterday.Sh

3、e often helps her mother with their housework.I enjoy listening to popular music._4.表语（predicative）：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词构成。The weather has turned cold.His job is to teach English.The class is over._5.宾语补足语（object compl

4、ement）：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意思完整。带有宾语补足语的句型一般为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语构成。They painted their boat white.We saw her entering the room.1.基本句型一：主语（subject）+谓语（verb）(1)The moon rose.(2)They talked for half an hour.(3)The plane has arrived.(4)The pen writes smoot

5、hly.(5)I can swim.(6)Everything changes.-此句型的共同特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。谓语动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可直接加宾语，可跟副词，介词短语和状语从句。时态不影响句子的结构。2.基本句型二：主语（subject）+谓语（verb）+宾语（object）（S +V +O ）(1)Li Lei always helps me when I am in trouble.(2)He knows the answer.(3)I understand English.(4)They are reading books.(5)He has read

6、 this book many times.(6)I want to talk with you.-此句型的共同特点：句子谓语动词都具有实意，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，句意才完整，宾语为谓语动作的承受者。句子的谓语动词为及物动词，可直接接宾语。3.基本句型三：主语（subject）+系动词（link verb）+表语（predicative）（S +V +P ）(1)Everything looks different.(2)The girl looks beautiful.(3)The trees turn green.(4)My brother is a doctor.(5)T

7、he weather became warmer.(6)The book is interesting.-此句型的共同特点：句子的谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加一个表明主语状态，特征和身份的表语。此句型主要用来表明主语的状态，特征和身份。句子的谓语动词为系动词。系动词可以分为以下几类：1.be动词2.感官动词:look,feel,smell,taste,sound3.表变化:go,get,turn,become,grow4.表状态:stay,keep,remain,appear,seem4.基本句型四：.主语（subject）谓语（verb）间接宾语（indirect object）直接宾

8、语(direct object)S+V+INO+DO.(1)He showed me the picture.(2)She passed her a new dress.(3)Andy gave me an apple.-此句型的基本特点：谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，一个为直接宾语，是动作的直接承受者，一般由表“物”的名词充当；另一个为间接宾语，是动作的间接承受者，一般由指“人”的名词或代词充当。直接宾语和间接宾语并成为双宾语。常接双宾语的动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。5.基本句型五：主语（subject）动

9、词（verb）宾语（object）补语（complement）S+V+O+C.(1)We should keep the room clean and tidy.(2)We made him our monitor.(3)His father told him not to play in the street.-此句型的基本特点：动词是及物动词，后只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这个句型中“宾语+补语”的结构统称为复合宾语。宾语补足语的作用是：1.补充说明宾语的特点，身份等；2.表示让宾语去完成的动作充当补语的常常是：名词，形容词，副词，介词短

10、语，分词，动词不定式。一、分析下列句子分别属于哪种基本句型1.The train is coming.()2.We all like English.()3.Danny looks happy.()4.Mom gave me a present.()5.The story makes me laugh.()S+V.S+V+O.S+V+P.S+V+INO+DO.S+V+O+C6.They work hard.()7.The flower is dead.()S+V.S+V+P.8.Plants need water.()9.He gave me some seeds.()10.We should keep the plants in the shade.()11.Many animals live in trees.()12.The workers are working hard.()S+V+O.S+V+INO+DO.S+V.+OS+V.S+V.