修改版--省略句用法课件.ppt

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1、省略省略Ellipsis 人们在交流时，尤其在口语中，人们在交流时，尤其在口语中，常常把一个或几个句子的成分省常常把一个或几个句子的成分省略掉，这种现象称为省略，略掉，这种现象称为省略，ellipseellipse，这种句子叫做省略句这种句子叫做省略句elliptical sentenceselliptical sentences。句子成分的省略句子成分的省略复合句的省略复合句的省略并列句的省略并列句的省略肯定和否定结构的省略肯定和否定结构的省略不定式的省略不定式的省略省略的常见的句子环境省略的常见的句子环境一、句子成分的省略一、句子成分的省略 1.省略主语。如:Havent seen you

2、 for ages!好久不见了!2.省略谓语。如：(Is there)Anything you want?你要什么东西吗?(Does)Anybody need help?有人要帮忙吗?3.省略宾语。如：I dont know(where he is).我不知道。4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如：(Im)Afraid I cant come.恐怕我不能来了。(Have you)Got any ink?你有墨水吗?【高考链接】Its a long time since I saw my sister._her this weekend?A.Why not

3、visit B.Why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visit 解析：本题考察省略结构，这里解析：本题考察省略结构，这里why not visit=Why didnt you visit。A二、复合句的省略二、复合句的省略状语从句的省略限制性定语从句的省略宾语从句的省略1.状语从句内的省略状语从句内的省略在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与主或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时时，常省略从句的主语和be。when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状引导的时间状

4、语从句；语从句；if，unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句；though，although，even if，even though引导的引导的让步状语从句；让步状语从句；as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句；because引导的原因状语从句；引导的原因状语从句；wherever引导的地点状语从句，引导的地点状语从句，Sentences When(she was)asked,she didnt answer a word.Water can be changed into vapor if(it is)heated.When(you are)w

5、orking,you must pay attention.We may try again if(it is)necessary.We all know that,_,the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with 解析：本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：if（it is）not carefully dealt with，

6、当然，现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：if not.B2.限制性定语从句中的省略限制性定语从句中的省略 作宾语的关系代词作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；可以省略；e.g.theres one point we must insist on.在以在以the same.as和和such.as引导的定语从句中，可引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；以省略与主句相同的部分；e.g.She gave the same answer as(she had given)before?the way后面的定语从句中：若先行词后面的定语从句中：若先行词way充当从句充

7、当从句的方式状语，也可以省略其关系词。的方式状语，也可以省略其关系词。e.g.What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.e.g.Do you know the way he responded to me?!非正式语体中，关系副词非正式语体中，关系副词why也可以省略。也可以省略。e.g.Tell me the reason you dislike it.3.宾语从句的省略。宾语从句的省略。Tom has gone home,but I dont know why(he has gone home).I hear

8、d(that)he had gone abroad.【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed,and _ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.whyB.thatC.when D.where 解析：Having checked 跟随两个并列的宾语从句，并列的两个以并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句可以省略第一个引导的宾语从句可以省略第一个that,第二个第二个that 一般不能省。一般不能省。BHe claimed that he was right and

9、that he would never apologize to the boss of the club.并列的两个以并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句可以省略第一个可以省略第一个that,第二个第二个that 一般不能省。一般不能省。【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed,and _that_ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.whyB.thatC.when D.where在并列句中在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部如果后

10、面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分分,这一部分则常被省略掉这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如以免重复。如:He teaches English and his brother math.We have been waiting for her to come back to see us,but(we have been waiting)in vain.【高考链接】He has made a lot of films,but _ good ones.A.any B.some C.few D.many 解析：but 连接的并列句子进行了省略：but few good ones=but he mad

11、e few good ones.三、三、并列句的省略并列句的省略CSo/Nor/Neither+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语句型主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样（不）”、“也（不）那样”，如：The boy died and a week later.So did his sister.Im not an English teacher,nor is my wife.【高考链接】My room gets very cold at night _.A.So is mine B.So mine is C.So does mine D.

12、So mine does 四、肯定四、肯定/否定结构否定结构C注意：有时可用注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句代替名词性从句,以避免重复前以避免重复前面所说的内容面所说的内容;可以用于这类结构的动词有可以用于这类结构的动词有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,fear,hope,be afraid,等.肯定回答结构为“主语主语+动词动词+so”,否定回答结构为1.“主语主语+助动词否定形式助动词否定形式+动词动词+so”2.“主语主语+动词动词+not”。但动词为hope,guess,fear,be afraid时,否定回答只能说I hope(g

13、uess)not,不能说I dont hope(guess)so。A:John is a hero:he was really brave when the accident happened.B:I don t think so.He was just pretending.I think so.I don t think so.I think not.1.It is sunny today._.A.So is it B.So does it C.So today is D.So it is 2.Will you be able to finish your respect today?_.

14、A.I like itB.I hope so C.Ill do so D.Id love it 3.If Joe s wife won t go to the party,_.A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will4.Luna goes to the musical club every weekend and she is really into playing the violin._ her litter sister.So is B.So does C.So it is with D.S

15、o will DBBC双重谓语或出现肯定否定同时存在的情况下用 So it is with sb./sth.It is the same with sb./sth.五、不定式的省略五、不定式的省略 概述：动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，取概述：动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，取决于上文是否出现过同样的动词；若出现过，决于上文是否出现过同样的动词；若出现过，则可以则可以省略后面动词不定式的动词，但要保留省略后面动词不定式的动词，但要保留不定式符号不定式符号 to以下是其他常出现不定式省略的情况以下是其他常出现不定式省略的情况1.感官动词和使役动词后不定式的省略感官动词和使役动词后不定式的省略

16、2.系动词（系动词（be）+形容词形容词+不定式不定式3.某些动词某些动词+不定式不定式（充当宾语）（充当宾语）4.某些动词某些动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式（充当宾补）（充当宾补）see sb.do sth.&Sb.be seen to do sth感观动词see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,look at,listen to等使役动词let,make,have e.g.In the nineteenth century,the children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.Excuse me sir,

17、where is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room.A.show B.shows C.to show D.showingA1.感官动词和使役动词2.主语主语+系动词（系动词（be）+形容词，即形容词，即be afraid/ready/glad/happy/willing等后面接不定式时等后面接不定式时例如：Could you go shopping with me?Im glad to(go shopping with you).Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind

18、looking after my cat?Not at all._.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Ill be happy to D3.某些动词后接不定式作宾语时：某些动词后接不定式作宾语时：即即 Sb.+V+to do sth 结构结构Did you get a ticket?No,I meant to(get one),but there werent any leftWhy havent you bought any butter?I _ to but I forgot about it.A.liked B.wished C.m

19、eant D.expected 常见用于此结构的动词：常见用于此结构的动词：love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige(强制强制),advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manageC4.ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等等动词后接动词后接不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时时：即即sb.+V+sb.to do sth.结构结构Th

20、e students want to enter the lab,but the monitor advises them not to(enter the lab).The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to A其他的省略形式其他的省略形式1主主语语部部分分有有实实义义to do,系系动动词词 is 或或 was 后后作表语的不定式通常省去作表语的不定式通常省去to。如：。如：The only th

21、ing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的唯一事情是按按钮。你必须做的唯一事情是按按钮。2作作介介词词but,expect,besides 的的宾宾语语，前前面又有实意动词面又有实意动词 do时时，不定式通常省去，不定式通常省去to.如：如：He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence”timetable.他他说说陈陈水水扁扁除除了了推推进进支支持持“独独立立”的的时时间间表表外外，什么也没有做。什么也没有做。3.主主语语部部分分暗暗含含to

22、 do，表表语语中中的的不不定定式式通通常常省省去去to。All I want(to do)is(to)go to school and study hard.4.当当两两个个或或多多个个不不定定式式并并列列时时，其其后后的的不不定定式式符符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。It is easier to say than to do.5.would ratherthan;prefer to dorather than do等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略.如：如：I would rather stay at home than

23、 go to see a film.其他的省略形式其他的省略形式Practice makes perfect!1.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced2.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioningB.having questioned C.questioned D

24、.to be questioned3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A.the way B.in the way that C.in the wayD.the way whichBCA4.Susan,will you please go and empty that drawer?_?A.What for B.What is itC.How is it D.How come5.Im looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _ me.A.hav

25、e seenB.seeingC.meetD.be met6.Who can you turn to in time of danger,if not _?A.A.ourselvesB.oursC.weD.usABD7.Did you visit the museum last week?No,we _,but we spent too much time shopping.A.could haveB.couldC.must haveD.must8.Is your mother going to the supermarket？No，_.A.she doesnt B.shes cooking C

26、.she gets by busD.to a tailors shop9.She may not be free today._，well have to put the meeting off.A.If may B.If not C.If she may not D.If she may not be free today ADB10.She hurriedly left the room as if _.A.she angry B.was angryC.it was angry D.angry11._，I will help you with your work.A.If I am pos

27、sible B.If it possibleC.If possible D.Possible12.Do you follow me？A.Yes，_.it is good B.I willA.C.perfectly D.very goodDCC13.How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010?There will be only a few,if _.A.muchB.someC.anyD.many14.How are you getting on with your work?Oh,Im sorry.Things arent going so well as _.A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.to plan15.Are you a teacher?No,but I _.I worked in a middle school for three years.A.am B.will C.do D.wasCCDGood bye!