美国黑人文学——历史与文化潮流ppt课件.ppt

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1、在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureHistory and Current Trends在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nThe first writings by blacks in America was autobiographical and became known as the Slave Narrativen nThree them

2、es developed in early African American writings around the issue of slavery:accommodation,protest,and escape在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nOlaudah Equiano(Gustavus Vassa)Olaudah Equiano(Gustavus Vassa)n n(c.1745-c.1797)(c.1745-c.1797)Eqiano was the

3、first black in America to write an Eqiano was the first black in America to write an autobiography.In autobiography.In The Interesting Narrative of the The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,or Gustavus Vassa,the Life of Olaudah Equiano,or Gustavus Vassa,the African African(1789)Eq

4、uiano gives an account of his(1789)Equiano gives an account of his native land(he was an Ibo from Niger)and the native land(he was an Ibo from Niger)and the horrors of his captivity and enslavement in the horrors of his captivity and enslavement in the West Indies.West Indies.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也

5、许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nJupiter Hammon(c.1720-c.1800)Jupiter Hammon(c.1720-c.1800)Poet Jupiter Hammon,a slave on Long Island,New Poet Jupiter Hammon,a slave on Long Island,New York,is remembered for his religious poems as well York,is remembered for his religious p

6、oems as well as for as for An Address to the Negroes of the State of New An Address to the Negroes of the State of New YorkYork(1787),in which he advocated freeing children (1787),in which he advocated freeing children of slaves instead of condemning them to hereditary of slaves instead of condemnin

7、g them to hereditary slavery.His poem An Evening Thought was the slavery.His poem An Evening Thought was the first poem published by a black male in America.first poem published by a black male in America.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nLucy Terry(17

8、30-1821)Thought to be the author of the oldest piece of African-American literature,“Bars Fight”a poem written in 1746,about an Indian raid on settlers in Massachusetts.It was not published until 1855.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nHarriet Jacobs(18

9、13-1897)Her slave narrative,Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(1861)is the most comprehensive biography of an African American woman prior to the Civil War.In it she recounts her life in slavery in the context of family relationships reshaping the slave narrative genre to include womens experienc

10、es.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nPhillis Wheatley(1753-1784)The first African-American and the second woman to publish a book in the colonies,she is one of the best known early black poets;her work was praised by leaders of the American Revolution,

11、including George Washington.She is one of the first writers to use an epistolary style(in the form of letters).在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American Literaturen nFrederick Douglass(1818-1895)Orator,journalist,abolitionist,statesman,autobiographer and author of Narrativ

12、e of the Life of Frederick Douglass,an American Slave,Written by Himself(1845),the most influential African American text of his era.His writing and life created a model of self-hood of such moral and political authority,he was later viewed as a cultural hero.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认

13、为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteraturePost-slavery Eran nW.E.B.DuBois(1868-1963)One of the founders of the NAACP,DuBois published the highly influential The Souls of Black Folk(1903)which created a black intellectual and artistic consciousness.He was an essayist,novelist,academic and the preeminent

14、 African American scholar-intellectual of his time.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteraturePost-slavery Eran nBooker T.Washington(1856-1915)autobiographer,essayist,educatorn nJames Weldon Johnson(1871-1938)poet,essayist,editor,educatorn nPaul Laurence Dunbar(18

15、72-1906)poet在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Harlem Renaissancen nThe artistic and socio-cultural awakening of African The artistic and socio-cultural awakening of African Americans in the 1920s and 1930sAmericans in the 1920s and 1930sn nIt was cent

16、ered around the vibrant African American It was centered around the vibrant African American community in Harlem,New York,but had far-community in Harlem,New York,but had far-reaching influence in art,music,literature and social reaching influence in art,music,literature and social thought.thought.n

17、 nThe interplay of art and race,and the aesthetic criteria The interplay of art and race,and the aesthetic criteria for evaluating black writing are some of the for evaluating black writing are some of the intellectual legacies of the Harlem Renaissance.intellectual legacies of the Harlem Renaissanc

18、e.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Harlem Renaissancen nLangston Hughes(1902-1967)Poet,playwright,essayist,autobiographer,and childrens book author,Hughes came to attention in 1922 in the anthology The Book of American Negro Poetry.His most famous po

19、em,“The Negro Speaks of Rivers”was written in his teens.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Harlem Renaissancen nZora Neal Hurston(1891-1960)Zora Neal Hurston(1891-1960)Novelist,anthropologist,folklorist,Hurston left New Novelist,anthropologist,folklori

20、st,Hurston left New York to return to hometown in Florida in 1927.She York to return to hometown in Florida in 1927.She began collecting folktales,work songs,spirituals and began collecting folktales,work songs,spirituals and sermons to document the black experience.In 1935 sermons to document the b

21、lack experience.In 1935 she published she published Mules and MenMules and Men,the first volume of,the first volume of black American folklore.Her finest novel,black American folklore.Her finest novel,Their Eyes Their Eyes Were Watching God Were Watching God(1937)portrays the life and(1937)portrays

22、the life and journey of a strong female character set in the rural journey of a strong female character set in the rural South.South.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Harlem Renaissancen nAlain Locke(1886-1954)essayist,editorn nClaude McKay(1889-1948)

23、poetn nJean Toomer(1894-1967)poetn nAnne Spencer(1882-1975)poet在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureRealism,Modernism,Naturalismn nThe 1940s-1960s was an era of social change for African Americans.Influences included the Second World War,the Second Great Mig

24、ration,world-wide social movements such as communism and Marxism,and early civil rights legislation which opened up schools and jobs for many African Americans.n nUrban realism urban sensibility defines much of the literature of this era.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African Am

25、erican LiteratureRealism,Modernism,Naturalismn nRichard Wright(1908-1960)novelist,autobiographer,political commentator.His influential and critically acclaimed novel Native Son(1940)tells the story of a black man struggling for acceptance in Chicago.It garnered him financial success,international fa

26、me and his outspoken writing style influenced a generation of black writers.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureRealism,Modernism,Naturalismn nRalph Ellison(1914-1994)novelist,essayist,scholar,artist,Ellisons important novel Invisible Man(1952)is the story

27、of a nameless black man who learns to assert himself.The Invisible Man is part of the cannon of 20th Century American literature,though Ellisons only major published work.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureRealism,Modernism,Naturalismn nMargaret Walker(191

28、5-1998)poet,novelist,educator Margaret Walker(1915-1998)poet,novelist,educator(“For My People”;(“For My People”;JubileeJubilee)n nGwendolyn Brooks(1917-2000)poet,novelist,Gwendolyn Brooks(1917-2000)poet,novelist,childrens writer.Her second book of poetry,childrens writer.Her second book of poetry,An

29、nie Annie AllenAllen won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950.won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950.n nJames Baldwin(1924-1987)novelist,essayist,James Baldwin(1924-1987)novelist,essayist,playwright,filmmaker,lecturer.The story of his playwright,filmmaker,lecturer.The story of his painful childhood is the subject of

30、his first novel,painful childhood is the subject of his first novel,Go Go Tell It On the MountainTell It On the Mountainn nLorraine Hansberry(1930-1965)her award-winning Lorraine Hansberry(1930-1965)her award-winning play,play,A Raison in the SunA Raison in the Sun is a classic of the American is a

31、classic of the American theater.theater.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Black Arts Movementn nSocial and political forces in the black community in Social and political forces in the black community in the 1960s and 1970s sought to change the way th

32、e 1960s and 1970s sought to change the way African Americans were defined and treated.The African Americans were defined and treated.The Black Arts Movement sought to change how blacks Black Arts Movement sought to change how blacks were represented and portrayed in literature and the were represent

33、ed and portrayed in literature and the arts.arts.n nThe Black Arts Movement was anchored in political The Black Arts Movement was anchored in political change and the concept that the artist is a part of his change and the concept that the artist is a part of his or her community and their work shou

34、ld speak to the or her community and their work should speak to the needs and aspirations of that community.needs and aspirations of that community.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Black Arts Movementn nMalcolm X(1925-1965)orator and autobiographer.H

35、is Malcolm X(1925-1965)orator and autobiographer.His AutobiographyAutobiography,published after his death,is a major African,published after his death,is a major African American literary work of the 20American literary work of the 20thth Century.It was co-written Century.It was co-written with auth

36、or Alex Haley.with author Alex Haley.n nAmiri Baraka(1934-)poet,playwright,activist and lecturer Amiri Baraka(1934-)poet,playwright,activist and lecturer Baraka influenced later poets to write from the contemporary Baraka influenced later poets to write from the contemporary African American experie

37、nce.African American experience.n nSonia Sanchez(1934-),poet,essayist,playwright and Sonia Sanchez(1934-),poet,essayist,playwright and educator,her writing reflects her personal growth to her educator,her writing reflects her personal growth to her commitment to make a more just worldcommitment to m

38、ake a more just worldn nNikki Giovanni(1943-)poet,essayist,lecturer this prolific Nikki Giovanni(1943-)poet,essayist,lecturer this prolific poet,sometimes referred to as the peoples poet for her down-poet,sometimes referred to as the peoples poet for her down-to-earth style has written much about fe

39、male identity and to-earth style has written much about female identity and autonomy.autonomy.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nAfrican American literature began to enter the mainstream of publishing and be read by black and whi

40、te audiences.n nAfrican American literature began to be defined and analyzed.n nBlack women began to achieve success as novelists,poets,writers and artists.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nToni Morrison(1931-)editor,novelist,ac

41、ademic,Morrison wrote richly woven stories often with strong female characters.The Bluest Eye(1970),Sula(1973),Song of Solomon(1977),Tar Baby(1981)are some of her great novels.Beloved(1988)won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988.She is the first African American women to win the Nobel Prize for L

42、iterature().在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nAlice Walker(1944-)novelist and poet,Walkers Alice Walker(1944-)novelist and poet,Walkers best known work,best known work,The Color PurpleThe Color Purple(1982)won the (1982)won the

43、Pulitzer Prize in 1982.Its the story of two sisters Pulitzer Prize in 1982.Its the story of two sisters who through separation and trials continue to support who through separation and trials continue to support and strengthen each other.and strengthen each other.n nMaya Angelou(1928-)poet,playwrigh

44、t,Maya Angelou(1928-)poet,playwright,performer and autobiographer.performer and autobiographer.I Know Why the I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Caged Bird Sings(1970)her serial autobiography is(1970)her serial autobiography is in the pantheon of modern American literature.in the pantheon of modern Ame

45、rican literature.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nAlex Haley(1921-1992)journalist and novelist whos Roots(1976)about his family history traced back to West Africa became a television event in 1977 and sparked a popular interest

46、 and pride in African American history and ancestry.He also co-wrote The Autobiography of Malcolm X.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nToni Cade Bambara(1939-1995)novelist,essayist,Toni Cade Bambara(1939-1995)novelist,essayist,fi

47、lmmaker,her short story collections,filmmaker,her short story collections,Gorilla,My Gorilla,My Love Love(1972)and her novel,(1972)and her novel,The Salt Eaters The Salt Eaters(1980)(1980)demonstrate her commitment to social issues.demonstrate her commitment to social issues.n nIshmael Reed(1938-)es

48、sayist,poet,novelist,and Ishmael Reed(1938-)essayist,poet,novelist,and publisher,Reeds cultural activism has made his publisher,Reeds cultural activism has made his published work hard to define.published work hard to define.Mumbo Jumbo Mumbo Jumbo(1972)(1972)is considered his masterpiece.is conside

49、red his masterpiece.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe 1970s to the Presentn nAugust Wilson(1945-2006)playwright and poet best known for his cycle of 10 plays about black life in America in the 20th Century.He won the Pulitzer Prize for drama for Fence

50、s(1987)and n nRita Dove(1952-)poet,novelist,educator,Dove won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1987 for Thomas and Beulah(1986).She was Poet Laureate of the United States from 1992-1994.在日常生活中，随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费，也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么African American LiteratureThe Contemporary Scenen nAfrican Am