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1、写好英语演讲稿的写好英语演讲稿的3 points从乔布斯从乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学毕业演讲说起年斯坦福大学毕业演讲说起Made by Mingyue Yang2013-3-23一、结构清楚,逻辑明晰一、结构清楚,逻辑明晰1、进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架:“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.Thats it.No big deal.Just three stories.”-具备了“audience-centeredness”(以观众为中心)的特质2、“The first story is about connecti
2、ng the dots.My second story is about love and loss.My third story is about death.”明晰的思路,听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新,不会觉得头脑混乱,毫无所得。演讲稿的逻辑安排方式乔布斯的是按照topical order(话题顺序)和chronological order(时间顺序)来安排的。除此之外,还有 spatial order(空间顺序),problem-solution order(提问解决顺序)等等。二、开篇出彩,结尾有道二、开篇出彩,结尾有道一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在,结尾时,尽量做到意味深长、启
3、发思考。开篇的目的是要吸引听众,乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience”(关联话题与听众)的方式,这是一种比较有效的方法,人们一般对自己的事情都很关注,和自己相关的事情也会格外留意,乔布斯在开篇说到:“简洁、有效”“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.I never graduated from college.Truth be told,I never graduat
4、ed from college.This is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation.”其它的开篇方式1.State the importance of your topic(指出演讲话题的重要性)2.Startle the audience(使听众震惊)。3.Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起听众的好奇心)4.Question the audience(向观众提问)。5.Begin with a quotation(以引用开篇)。6.Tell a story(以故事开篇)。结尾“画龙
5、点睛”如何做到“结尾有道”呢?首先,我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿,他的结尾比开篇更加出彩,采用的是“end with a quotation”,达到的效果是特别引人深思。他结尾说道,“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog,and then when it had run its course,they put out a final issue.It was the mid-1970s,and I was your age.On the back cover of their final i
6、ssue was a photograph of an early morning country road,the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.Beneath it were the words:”Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.“It was their farewell message as they signed off.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.And I have always wished that for myself.An
7、d now,as you graduate to begin anew,I wish that for you.Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry.Stay Foolish”(求知若饥,虚心若愚),而且重复三遍,强化听众的印象,这句话也被广泛传播,被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。1、Summarize your speech总结演讲1.在结尾时,可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了,不要让演讲结束得太突兀,比如,“In conclusion,Let me end my speech by saying.,Id like to clos
8、e my speech this way.等。2.Make a dramatic statement(强有力的陈述)是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊,非常经典的演讲是Patrick Henrys legendary Liberty or Death oration.他在结尾时说道,Is life so dear,or peace so sweet,as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?Forbid it,Almighty God!I know not what course others may take;but as for mw
9、,give me liberty,or give me death3.Refer to the introduction首尾呼应这是体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式,值得借鉴。三、观点阐释,有效支撑三、观点阐释,有效支撑主体段的信息量最大,写作量也是最大,如何更清晰地阐释演讲者的观点,有效支撑分论点,是写作时应该把握的关键。在明晰了写作逻辑之后,就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中,逻辑要点有三:1.The first story is about connecting the dots.2.My second story is about love and loss.
10、3.My third story is about death.三、观点阐释,有效支撑三、观点阐释,有效支撑他在阐释中主要运用了以下手段。首先,举例子。文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡,比如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程,这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助,但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的时候,这些东西全派上了用场,这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点-串起生命中的点滴。在随后的文中,乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子,让听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。三、观点阐释,有效支撑三、观点阐释,有效支撑其次,引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用,文中也不乏引用的痕
11、迹,比如在讲到死亡时,他引用了一句格言,“If you live each day as if it was your last,someday youll most certainly be right.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻三、观点阐释,有效支撑三、观点阐释,有效支撑第三,数据。在讲第二个故事-关于爱和失去时,乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。他说自己是幸运的,因为,“Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.We worked hard,and in 10 years
12、Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a$2 billion company with over 4000 employees.We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier,and I had just turned 30.”数据很直观,能让听众有直接的认识和理解。三、观点阐释,有效支撑三、观点阐释,有效支撑还有一些常用的手段,比如:testimony(引证),可以用专家的观点增强演讲的信度,也可以用普通人的一手经验证明自己的
13、观点。另外,大家还需要了解的是,举例分为简短的例子,具体深入的例子和假想的例子;数据包括单一数据,组合数据等等。有效掌握演讲写作的要点三点建议:1.多看。多看一些演讲素材,比如名人演讲,演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等,积累大量的一手素材,当然也有必要阅读关于英语公共演讲的书籍,本人非常推荐Stephen E.Lucas的演讲的艺术。有效掌握演讲写作的要点2.多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因,可以从我上面讲的几点入手。3.多练。在有一定积淀和感觉之后,就要大量练习写作演讲稿,话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取,实用性要强,这样练起来更有兴趣和成就感。有效掌握演讲写作的要点最后,我们要明白一点,好的公共演讲除了演讲稿要好,还有别的很多因素绝不可忽视,比如:语言质量,肢体语言,视觉辅助,语音语调,临场反应,现场把控能力等,这些结合在一起才能最终让你成为一个优秀的公共演讲者。Learn and Share后记:几天前,看到这篇文章,觉得非常受益,做成PPT,大家分享一下,应该对咱们四月教研活动时组长要做的Presentation有点帮助。随后的时间里,我一直再看Jobs 的演讲稿,朴素,细腻,感人,大家去看看吧,读一读,悟一悟相信,你会有很多收获!
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