定语从句难点考点总结高一课件.ppt

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1、Theattributiveclause这是我的杯子这是我的杯子这是一个装满茶的杯子。这是一个装满茶的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。Tips:当你用一个当你用一个词词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用就用短语短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用如果短语还不能满足，就用从句从句。Thisismycup.Thisisacupfullof/filledwithtea.ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的

2、先行词之后被被定语从句定语从句修饰修饰的的词词叫先行词叫先行词引导引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句的三个概念定语从句的三个概念引导引导定语从句定语从句代替代替先行词先行词在定语在定语从句中从句中担当一个成分担当一个成分Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazinewhich/thatyouaskedfor.关系词的三个功能关系词的三个功能Step1判定判定主从句主从句部分部分Step2判定判定先行词先行词Step3把

3、从句把从句_，看先行词看先行词在从句中充当何成分在从句中充当何成分。选择关系词的三个步骤选择关系词的三个步骤还原还原1.Thenumberofpeople_cometovisit thiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.2.Whereistheman_Isawthismorning?3.Thebook_youintroducedtomethismorningisveryinteresting.5.Doyouwanttoborrowthebook_coverisblue?cometovisitthiscityeachyearIsawthisyouintroducedt

4、omethismorningwho/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/that/略略whose4.Ivisitedascientist_nameisknownalloverthecountry.nameisknownalloverthecountry.whosecoverisbluemorning()思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？1.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.Illneverforgetth

5、eday_wespenttogetherinParis.4.Illremembertheday_westayedtogether.5.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived.引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _,_,即把先行词还原即把先行词还原 到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结结论：论：他们在从句中作什么成份他们在从句中作什么成份()

6、()()关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词人人/物物物物人人人人关系关系副词副词thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy人人/物物宾宾定定时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点原因原因地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾(1)Theschool_heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschool_heoncestudiedisveryfamous.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbrin

7、ghereamagazine_youasked.(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalked.that/which略略inwhichthat/which/略略forwhichwhom/that/who/略略aboutwhom介词介词+关系代词关系代词1.1.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_whichImnotsure.根据从句中动词或形容词的根据从句中动词或形容词的_1949wastheyear_wh

8、ichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.根据根据先行词与介词先行词与介词的搭配习惯的搭配习惯2.Isthatthenewspaper_whichyouoftenwritearticles?根据从句中根据从句中动词与先行词动词与先行词的的逻辑关系逻辑关系foraboutinthenewspapertheyearidioms思考二：介词思考二：介词+关系代词中关系代词中,介词如何选择介词如何选择?习惯搭配习惯搭配1.Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar_whichIcant

9、gotowork.4.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown.5.Thisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.6.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken.7.Helovedhisparentsdeeply,_areverykindtohim.(父母俩都父母俩都)8.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,_havegonebad.(其中有些其中有些）/forwithoutbyatof=whosewindow=thewindowofwhichbothofwhomso

10、meofwhich启示：启示：若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用用_不可用不可用who,that；关系代词指物时；关系代词指物时只可用只可用_,不可用不可用that;关系代词是所有格关系代词是所有格时用时用_。whomwhichwhose/the+先行词先行词ofwhich/ofwhichthe+先行词先行词1.OncemoreIaminBoston,_whichIhavenotbeenfortenyears.2.Hementionedabook,_whichthetitleIcantremember.Hementionedabook,_titl

11、eIcantremember.3.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall_whichhecouldseewhatwashappeninginside.4.Ihavemanyfriends,_whomsomearebusinessmen.5.Thetwothings_whichtheyfeltproudwereJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.toofwhosethroughofof6.Thisisthedesk_whichtherearealotofbooks.7.Thegas_whichwecantliveiscalledoxygen.8.Astra

12、ngegirlenteredtheroomandrelatedtomeastoryofherown,_whichIsuspectthetruth.9.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplenowadaysendupinjobs_whichtheyarenotsuited.onwithoutofto思考三：思考三：as/which有何特殊性有何特殊性?1.ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday。2.Heisthesamepersonthatgavemehelpyesterday.3.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryasheha

13、s.4.ThiswassointerestingabookasIcantputdown.(Thiswassointerestingabookthat_)先行词被先行词被_修饰了的时候用修饰了的时候用as但但thesameas(相似性相似性)thesamethat（同一性）（同一性）有区别有区别总结：总结：thesame,such,soIcouldntputitdown.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.1.Wewonthegame,aswehadexpected.2.Asisknowntoal

14、l,heisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Theprofessor,asIlearntlater,wasthefatherofmydeskmate.4.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.5.Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeussad.=Tomsuddenlyfellill,_thatmadeussad.and句首，句中，句末句首，句中，句末正如，好像正如，好像As/which句末句末总结总结:1._指代主句的内容指代主句的内容.2.as引导的定语从句可放在引

15、导的定语从句可放在_3.as译为译为_。4.which引导的定语从句只能放在引导的定语从句只能放在_5.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which.6.which往往可以翻译成往往可以翻译成_因果关系因果关系这这;这一点这一点7.as的习惯用法的习惯用法aswe(all)know/asis(well)knowntousasanybodycanseeashasbeensaidbeforeasoftenhappensasmentionedaboveashasbeenpointedoutasisoftenthecaseasmaybeima

16、gined众所周知众所周知正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样如上所述如上所述正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样如上所述如上所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的情况常常如此情况常常如此可以想象得出可以想象得出定语从句只能用定语从句只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况以及用以及用which不用不用that的情况（的情况（12期报纸）期报纸）1.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_决定。决定。Thosewho_finishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.Thisisoneofthehousesthat_(be)free.Heistheonly

17、oneoftheteacherswho_(know)Frenchinourschool.注：注：“oneofthe+复数名词复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但当但当one前有前有theonly,thevery之类的修饰语时，之类的修饰语时，后面从句中的谓语动词则用单后面从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。数形式。先行词先行词其他常见问题其他常见问题haveareknows2.theway作先行词的引导词作先行词的引导词_3.先行词是先行词是situation,point,case时，关系词多用时，关系词多用_Imagine

18、asituationwheretwostrangersaretalkingtoeachotheraftersomeonetheybothknowhaslefttheroom.Teachersmustpayattentiontothecasewherestudentsareabletorecitemanywordsbutcantusethemproperly.that/inwhich/省略省略where分割定语从句分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethe

19、sun.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace？先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后

20、之后manythousandsofstarsoneafternoonAnewmaster定定语从句和其它句型的转换语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhichareshownonTVinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.Atonetimetherewerelongqu

21、euesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。从句是被动形式，用过去分词。shownwaiting(1)Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.(2)Itistheeducation_hereceivedwhenstudyingabroad_hasmadehimsuchanexcellentmanager.结论：结论：强调句

22、句型：强调句句型：It is/was+It is/was+被被强调的成份强调的成份+that/who+that/who+其它部其它部分去掉分去掉 It is/wasIt is/was.that/who.that/who,句子照样成立。而定语从句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwhenthatthat定语从句定语从句/强调句强调句(1)Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem_wes

23、houldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem_heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中同位语从句，在从句中_，并且，并且引导的句子是引导的句子是_，在从句中，在从句中 (可可/不可不可)省去，也不可用省去，也不可用which which 替代。替代。That/which That/which 引导定引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可可/不可不可)省去，省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。th

24、atthat/which/略略thatthat/which不充当任成份不充当任成份说明前一名词的内容说明前一名词的内容不可不可可以可以定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(2)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3)_isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)_isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat(=

25、what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主句中担当成分定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句As 与which 引导的定语从句.特殊的where 与whose.根据下列句子，完成短文。根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥运年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这

26、样，才能为奥运贡力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.As is known to all,Beijing will host As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,which is an international language,plays an important part in communic

27、ating plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.We Senior Three students with foreigners.We Senior Three students should catch this opportunity to learn it well,should catch this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contribution to by which we can make our contribution to the Olympic Gamesthe Olympic Games.Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,_shecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.fromwhereChinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.fromwhereTomhidhimselfbehindthedoor,_hecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.fromwherethetopofthehill