tcpip协议族第一章 introduction.ppt

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1、Chapter 1Chapter 1Objectives Uponcompletionyouwillbeableto:IntroductionUnderstandhowtheInternetcameintobeingUnderstandthemeaningofthetermsprotocolandstandardUnderstandthevariousorganizationsinvolvedinthestandardsUnderstandthedifferentlevelsofInternetserviceprovidersUnderstandthegroupsinvolvedinInter

2、netadministration1TCP/IP Protocol Suite1.1 A Brief HistoryAnetworkisagroupofconnected,communicatingdevices.AnAnetworkisagroupofconnected,communicatingdevices.Aninternetinternet istwoormorenetworksthatcancommunicatewitheachother.Themostistwoormorenetworksthatcancommunicatewitheachother.Themostnotable

3、internetiscalledthenotableinternetiscalledtheInternetInternet.Millionsofpeopleareusers.Yet.Millionsofpeopleareusers.Yetthisextraordinarycommunicationsystemonlycameintobeingin1969.thisextraordinarycommunicationsystemonlycameintobeingin1969.Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:Thetopicsdiscussedinth

4、issectioninclude:ARPANETARPANETBirthoftheInternetBirthoftheInternetTransmissionControlProtocol/InternetworkingProtocolTransmissionControlProtocol/InternetworkingProtocolMILNETMILNETCSNET,NSFNET&ANSNETCSNET,NSFNET&ANSNETTheInternetTodayTheInternetTodayTimeLineTimeLineGrowthoftheInternetGrowthoftheInt

5、ernet2TCP/IP Protocol SuiteFigure 1.1 Internettoday3TCP/IP Protocol Suite1.2 Protocols and StandardsInthissection,wedefinetwowidelyusedterms:protocolsandstandards.Inthissection,wedefinetwowidelyusedterms:protocolsandstandards.First,wedefineprotocol,whichissynonymouswith“rule.”ThenweFirst,wedefinepro

6、tocol,whichissynonymouswith“rule.”Thenwediscussstandards,whichareagreed-uponrules.discussstandards,whichareagreed-uponrules.Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:ProtocolsProtocolsStandardsStandards4TCP/IP Protocol Suite1.3 Standards OrganizationsStandardsared

7、evelopedthroughthecooperationofstandardscreationStandardsaredevelopedthroughthecooperationofstandardscreationcommittees,forums,mittees,forums,andgovernmentregulatoryagencies.Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:StandardsCreationCommitteesStandardsCreationComm

8、itteesForumsForumsRegulatoryAgenciesRegulatoryAgencies5TCP/IP Protocol SuiteThewebsitesforthestandardizationorganizationsaregiveninAppendixF.Note:6TCP/IP Protocol Suite1.4 Internet StandardsAnInternetstandardisathoroughlytestedspecification.ThereisastrictAnInternetstandardisathoroughlytestedspecific

9、ation.ThereisastrictprocedurebywhichaspecificationattainsInternetstandardstatus.AprocedurebywhichaspecificationattainsInternetstandardstatus.AspecificationbeginsasanInternetdraft,workingdocumentwithnospecificationbeginsasanInternetdraft,workingdocumentwithnoofficialstatusandasix-monthlifetime.Adraft

10、maybepublishedasaofficialstatusandasix-monthlifetime.AdraftmaybepublishedasaRequestforComment(RFC).RequestforComment(RFC).Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:MaturityLevelsMaturityLevelsRequirementLevelsRequirementLevels7TCP/IP Protocol SuiteFigure 1.2 Matur

11、itylevelsofanRFC8TCP/IP Protocol SuiteFigure 1.3 RequirementlevelsofanRFC9TCP/IP Protocol SuiteRFCscanbefoundatwww.faqs.org/rfcsNote:10TCP/IP Protocol Suite1.5 Internet AdministrationTheInternethasevolvedandgainedabroaderuserbasewithsignificantTheInternethasevolvedandgainedabroaderuserbasewithsignif

12、icantcommercialactivity.VariousgroupsthatcoordinateInternetissueshavecommercialactivity.VariousgroupsthatcoordinateInternetissueshaveguidedthisgrowthanddevelopment.guidedthisgrowthanddevelopment.Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:Thetopicsdiscussedinthissectioninclude:InternetSociety(ISOC)Intern

13、etSociety(ISOC)InternetArchitectureBoard(IAB)InternetArchitectureBoard(IAB)InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)InternetResearchTaskForce(IRTF)InternetResearchTaskForce(IRTF)InternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)InternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)NamesandNumbers(ICANN)NamesandNumbers(ICANN)NetworkInformationCenter(NIC)NetworkInformationCenter(NIC)11TCP/IP Protocol SuiteFigure 1.4 Internetadministration12TCP/IP Protocol SuiteThewebsitesforInternetorganizationscanbefoundinAppendixF.Note:13TCP/IP Protocol Suite