15特殊句式(倒装、省略、强调) (2).ppt
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1、15 15 特殊句式特殊句式倒装倒装 省略省略 强调强调倒倒 装装inversion定义定义 英英语语句句子子的的自自然然语语序序是是“主主语语+谓谓语语”。如如果果将将谓谓语语的的全全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序被称为部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。倒倒 装装分类分类分为分为全部倒装全部倒装和和部分倒装部分倒装:谓语全部放在主语之前,为谓语全部放在主语之前,为全部倒装全部倒装;只把助动词只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,为连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,为部分倒装部分倒装。倒装原因倒装原因一一、语法结构的需要(如某些疑问句);语法结构的需要(如某些疑问句);
2、二二、为了强调;为了强调;三三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔衔接。接。全全 部部 倒倒 装装(谓语全部放在主语之前)(谓语全部放在主语之前)此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时1.there be句型。句型。其其中中be动动词词有有时时可可用用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替。(全部倒装)等词代替。(全部倒装)1)There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroo
3、m.2)There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2.方方位位词词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等等以以及及now,then置置于于句句首首时时,谓谓语语动动词词常常用用be,come,go,lie,run等等,并并且且句句子子的的主主语语是是名名词词。为为以以示示强强调调或或为了使情景更生动为了使情景更生动,要全部倒装。(全部倒装)要全部倒装。(全部倒装)1)Away flew the bird which I bought
4、yesterday.2)Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意:注意:主语是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。主语是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。Away they went.(=They went away.)3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时用倒装。直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时用倒装。(全部倒装)(全部倒装)“Whats up,Tom?”asked Mother.“The car is mine,”said Tom.注意:注意:主语是代词时,不倒装。主语是代词时,不倒装。“The car is mine,”he said.4.为为了了平平衡
5、衡句句子子结结构构的的需需要要,或或为为了了强强调调状状语语(常常为为介介词词短短语语),或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,将状语提前。,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,将状语提前。(全部倒装)(全部倒装)1)They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主主语语太太长长,表表语语太太短短,为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构的的需需要要,将将表表语语提提前前。(全部倒装)(全部倒装)1)Inside the
6、 pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2)Gone are the days when we are enslaved.6.such和和be连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序。连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序。(全部倒装)(全部倒装)1)Such was not his intention.2)Such are the facts.部分倒装部分倒装把助动词,连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前把助动词,连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前1.用于疑问句。用于疑问句。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Shall everything be ready
7、before you arrive?2)What can I do for you?注意:疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,主谓不颠倒。注意:疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,主谓不颠倒。1)Who can work it out?2)How many students have read this book?2.用用于于省省略略if的的虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句中中,should/were/had 置置于于句句首首。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice,I would have made such a serious mistake.
8、2)Should I earn money,I should live better.3.so,as,neither,nor,no more 表表示示前前面面的的情情况况也也适适合合于于另另一一人人或物时。或物时。(部分倒装部分倒装)1)Tom can speak French.So can Jack.2)If you wont go,neither will I.注意:若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认,主谓不倒装。注意:若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认,主谓不倒装。1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.2)Its rai
9、ning hard.So it is.4.含含有有否否定定意意义义的的副副词词或或连连词词置置于于句句首首,如如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor,not only,hardlywhen,in no case,by no means,no soonerthan,many a time,often 等。等。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only
10、was everything he had taken away,but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.注意注意1:修饰或连接主语时,主谓不倒装:修饰或连接主语时,主谓不倒装I have never seen such a performance.注意注意2:如否定词不在句首不倒装如否定词不在句首不倒装1)Not only is she a good singer,but also she is a good dancer.2)Neither did he watch TV nor did he g
11、o to the cinema.5.only+状状语语(副副词词、介介词词短短语语、状状语语从从句句)放放在在句句首首时时。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.6.“so/such+表表语语/状状语语+that从从句句”结结构构中中的的so 或或such引引导导的的表语表语/状语放在句首时。状语放在句首时。(部分倒装)(部分倒装)1)So
12、frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2)Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用用于于形形容容词词(名名词词/动动词词)+as/though的的让让步步状状语语从从句句中中。(特殊倒装)(特殊倒装)1)Proud as they are,they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is,he knows a lot.(A small child as he is,he knows a lot
13、.)3)Try hard as they would,they could not lift the box.8.方方式式副副词词well或或频频度度副副词词often,many a time,always,once,every two hours,以及以及then开头的句子。开头的句子。(部分倒装部分倒装)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在在no soonerthan,hardlywhen,not onlybut also句句型型中中,前面的句子要部分倒装
14、。前面的句子要部分倒装。1)No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.2)Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意注意:not onlybut also,neithernor连接两个主语时不倒装连接两个主语时不倒装Not only he but also I went to the Park.10.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部倒装部分或全部倒装)1)May you succeed/be happy!2)Lon
15、g live the Peoples Republic of China!省 略ellipsis省省 略略定义定义 为为了了避避免免重重复复,突突出出关关键键词词语语,并并使使上上下下文文紧紧密密连连接接,在在句句子子中中有有时时就就省省去去了了一一个个或或几几个个句句子子成成分分。这这种种语语法法手手段段就就称称为为省省略略。省省略略是是重重要要的的修修辞辞原原则则,因因此此,只只要要不不损损害害语语法法结结构构,不产生歧异,能省略的就应省略。不产生歧异,能省略的就应省略。简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.省略主语省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略;其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。祈使句中主语通常
16、省略;其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(I)Thank you for your help.(2)(It)Doesnt matter.2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How(do you think)about a cup of tea?3.在在对对话话或或并并列列句句中中,如如果果主主语语、谓谓语语不不同同,而而宾宾语语相相同同,则则常省去相同的宾语部分。常省去相同的宾语部分。Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates(dancing).4.省省略略作作宾宾语语的的不不定定式式短短语语,只只保保留留to,但但如如果果该该宾宾语
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