上课名词性从句.ppt

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1、 名词性从句名词性从句简单句简单句Simple Sentences并列句并列句Compound Sentences复合句复合句Complex Sentences句子的种类简单句简单句SimpleSentences:只包含一只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句个主谓结构句子叫简单句.1）主主+动（动（SV）例如：Iwork.2）主主+动动+表（表（SVP）例如：Iambeautiful.3）主主+动动+宾（宾（SVO）例如：Iloveyou.4）主主+动动+宾宾+补（补（SVOC）例如：Imadeherhappy.5）主主+动动+间宾间宾+直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）例如：Igaveherachocol

2、ate.判断nThe great ship,Titanic,sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th,1912.The great ship,Titanic,sailed 主主 同位语同位语 谓谓()()()【高考链接】“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.(2007湖南)A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.werelost并列句并列句CompoundSentences:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句.Thefoodwasgood,buthehad

3、littleappetite.(主)(谓)(主)(谓)食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。注意:并列句之间通常由并列连词(and,but,or等等)或分号分号隔开Ifyougoonworking,andyoullsucceedintime.定语从句定语从句名词从句名词从句状语从句状语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。词的从句叫定语从句。在主从句复合中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句.(时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果方式、比较、目的、结果)宾语从句ObjectiveClause主语从句SubjectiveCl

4、ause表语从句PredicativeClause同位语从句PredicativeClause复合句复合句ComplexSentences:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句.1.宾语从句宾语从句n宾语从句在句中作及物动词及物动词或介词介词的宾语。Wecanlearnwhatwedidnotknow.Illbetalkingabouthowyoucangetthejobyoureallywant.(M11U2)n如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。nWefinditnecessarythatwepr

5、actisespokenEnglisheveryday.()另外，某些作表语的形容词，如另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure,happy,glad,certain,afraid等之后也可带宾语从句。等之后也可带宾语从句。例如：例如：nIamsurethathewillsucceed.n我确信他会成功。nIamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.n很高兴你能来帮我。注意注意:1.当从句是当从句是客观真理客观真理,定义定义,公理公理,定理定理时用时用一般一般现在时现在时.例如例如:The teacher said that the earth travels around th

6、e sun.2.在在think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词之等动词之后后,宾语从句中谓语的宾语从句中谓语的否定否定常常转移转移到主句的谓到主句的谓语上语上.例如例如:I dont think you are right,are you?3.在在suggest,insist,demand,order,require 等表示建议等表示建议,命令命令,要求的动词后要求的动词后,从句的谓语从句的谓语动词要用动词要用虚拟语气虚拟语气。例如。例如:I insisted that he（should）do it at once.【高考链接高考链接】nElephantshavethe

7、irownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_itisroughorsmooth.(2005天津)A.B.whetherC.howD.what2.主语从句主语从句n主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主语之后。例如：nWhodidthatisknowntoall.谁做的那件事，众所周知。ThatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekistrueItistruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek.()()人人人常见结构nIt+

8、be+形容词形容词(certain,obvious,true,natural,good,possible,likely)+that从句nIt+be+名词词组名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,apity)+that从句nIt+be+过去分词过去分词(said,reported,thought,decided,announced)+that从句nIt+Vi(seem,happen等不及物动词不及物动词)+连接代词或副词引导的主语从句nItdoesnt matter(makesnodifference)+连接连接代词代词或副词副词引导的主语从句注意1.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句

9、疑问句中,要用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置.如:Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?2.当主语从句出现在感叹句感叹句中,要用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置.如:Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet?3.用带-ever的引导词(如whoever,whatever)引导的主语从句一般不后置不后置Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor【高考链接高考链接】1.Dontyouthinkitisnecessarythathe_toMiamibutt

10、oNewYork?Iagree,buttheproblemisthathehasrefusedto.（2005江苏）A.willnotbesentB.notbesentC.shouldnotbesentD.shouldnotsend解析:此题考查“Itisnecessarythatsb.(should)do.”虚拟语气句式。2.Thepoormanisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever3.表语从句表语从句n表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。之后。

11、nThequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.问题是谁能完成这项艰难的任务。nTheproblemishowwecangetthereontime.问题是我们怎样按时到达那儿。注意注意:1.在表语从句中在表语从句中,当当reason做主语时做主语时,引导词只引导词只能用能用that,不能用不能用because,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidntcatchtheearlybus.2.主句的主语是名词主句的主语是名词idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement时时,表

12、语从句应表语从句应用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即:(should)+v.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustsettingitaside.because4.同位语从句同位语从句n同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。连接词用等。连接词用that，不用不用which。但可以用但可以用how,when,where,why 等T

13、henewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.Hecantanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.n注意注意1.有时候可以由有时候可以由that is to say,namely,in other words,that is 等引出等引出同位语同位语.He told us the good news,namely,the museum is open to all.2.由由suggestion,proposal,order,demand等名词后所带

14、的等名词后所带的表语从句表语从句或或同位语从句同位语从句,要要用用虚拟语气虚拟语气.例如例如:Xiao Wangs suggestion is that we(should)play basketball after school.Xiao Wang made a suggestion that we(should)play basketball after school.3.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：词隔开：nWordcamethattheirteamhadwon.nAstorygoesthatElizabethIofEnglandlikednoth

15、ingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(2006高考)()注意：注意：名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同，名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同，所使用的连词比较复杂。因此所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定正确如何确定正确的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。引导词陈述句充当名词性从句that一般疑问句充当名词性从句whether/if特殊疑问句充当名词性从句Wh-疑问词引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词1.从属连词从属连词that,whether,if(不充当不充当从从句的任何

16、句的任何成分成分）2.连接代词：连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅不仅起到起到连接一个句子连接一个句子的作用，同时的作用，同时也是也是从句的一个从句的一个组成部分组成部分。3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why 依据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所所谓谓“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用，指物用what；如缺

17、时；如缺时间状语用间状语用when；地点状语用；地点状语用where；原因状语用；原因状语用why；方式状语用；方式状语用how；定语用；定语用what或或which；什；什么都不缺用么都不缺用that。Iknowwhatheistalkingabout.我知道他正在谈论什么。Im sure that he will come tomorrow.我确信明天我确信明天他会来。他会来。Wherehewillgoisunknown.他要去哪儿还不知道。I dont know which book I should choose.我不我不知道应该选哪本书。知道应该选哪本书。（缺宾语指物）【高考链接高考

18、链接】1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.（2003上海春季）A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because2._mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷II)A.WhatB.WhyC.Where D.Which3.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof_youread(

19、2007上海春)AthatBwhatCwhich Dwhether 注意几组易混连词注意几组易混连词whether与与if；that与与what的使的使用：用：引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether不用不用if 表表“是否是否”。引导宾语从句时。引导宾语从句时whether,if均可。均可。Thequestionisthefilmisworthseeing.Lweshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Wedontknowsheisready.that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而引导从句时不做成分，

20、无意义；而what在从句中在从句中充当成分，有意义。充当成分，有意义。Lhesaysisimportant.Llighttravelsfasterthanthesoundisafact.whetherwhetherwhether/ifWhatThat(3)如何区别定语从句和同位语从句如何区别定语从句和同位语从句:1.定语从句相当于形容词定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述和限它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制作用；同位语从句相当于名词，他是前面名词的内容制作用；同位语从句相当于名词，他是前面名词的内容的具体表达，他们之间是同位关系的具体表达，他们之间是同位关系试比较：Thenewsthaty

21、ouheardisnottrue.ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheatreistrue.2.That在定语从句中充当某一成分，是关系代词；在定语从句中充当某一成分，是关系代词；that在在同位语从句中不做任何成分，仅起连接作用同位语从句中不做任何成分，仅起连接作用试比较：Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.3.when,where,how,why如引导定语从句，他如引导定语从句，他们分别指前面先行词所表示的

22、时间地点原因方们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间地点原因方式；否则引导的很可能是同位语式；否则引导的很可能是同位语试比较：Istillrememberthedaywhenhewaskilled.Ihavenoideawhenhewaskilled.Thatisthehousewherethekingwasborn.Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man

23、 will look like what D.what look will man like2.Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English?A.how B.that C.what D.which3.The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill.A.because B.why C.that D.when 4.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.A.there B.where C.there where D.where th

24、ere巩固练习巩固练习1：5._ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen.A.Whether;remains B.What;remains C.Who;remained D.If;remains6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that7._surprises me most is th

25、at she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.A.What;where B.What;what C.That;where D.That;what8._ is not yet decided _ the test will be given.A.That;when B.It;who C.That;who D.It;when巩固练习巩固练习2:(2007江西江西)你所在的班级将要举办一次主题为你所在的班级将要举办一次主题为“What Can We Do for Our School?”的英语演讲比赛。请写一篇英语演讲的英

26、语演讲比赛。请写一篇英语演讲稿，要求从以下四方面中稿，要求从以下四方面中任选一至二个任选一至二个进行阐述，并进行阐述，并举例加以说明。举例加以说明。1.关心他人；关心他人；2.美化校园；美化校园；3.受护学校设施；受护学校设施；4.营造良好的学习氛围。营造良好的学习氛围。注意：注意：1.不要在书面表达中出现所在学校的校名和本人姓名，否则本节判为零分；2.词数：140左右；3.参考词汇：爱心loveandcare;校园campus;设施facilities;氛围environment4.开头和结尾已经写好，且不记入词数。Hello,everyone.Itsnicetospeakaboutwhat

27、wecandoforourschool,andIthinkeachofuscandosomething.-Thankyouforlistening!Thefirstthingwecandoistomakeourcampusmorebeautiful.Everyoneofusmayplantatreeintheschool,ororganizeathoroughcleaningonthecampus.Wecanalsoformagoodhabitofputtingtherubbishinthetrashcan.Thesecondthingwecandoistoprotectthefacilitiesinourschool.Whenweleavetheclassroom,weshouldneverforgettoturnoffthelightorclosethedoor.Weshouldnotleavethetapwaterrunningorwasteanymaterialsinthelaboratoryclass.Ifeveryonedoesonethingforourschool,IbelievewewillturnourschoolintoabetterplacetoStudyandlivein.