直接引语和间接引语课件(详细)1.ppt

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1、高中必修一高中必修一 Unit1 语法语法 Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语主讲人：主讲人：孟欣孟欣&indirect speech注意以下几点注意以下几点概念概念 引导词和语序引导词和语序时态变化时态变化人称变化人称变化状语变化状语变化特殊句式特殊句式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语(Directspeech);The boy said,“I can speak English very well.”二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话

2、加以转述,这叫间接引这叫间接引语语(Indirectspeech).Mary said that Tom had worked there before.that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.陈陈述句述句Janesaid,“Imveryfondoftraveling.”1.引导词和语序引导词和语序whether/if引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.一般疑一般疑问问句句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.wh-词词（疑（疑问

3、词问词）引）引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.特殊疑特殊疑问问句句JohnaskedMary“Whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”.2.时态时态的的变变化化Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般现现在在时时时时从句动词时态从句动词时态不变不变Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”一般一般现现在在时时改改为为一般一般过过去去时时Hesaid:“Iknow

4、it.”.Hesaidthatheknewit.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化现在进行时改为过去进行时现在进行时改为过去进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化现在完成时改为过去完成时现在完成时改为过去完成时Hesaid“Ihaveseenherbefore.”.Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化一般

5、过去时改为过去完成时一般过去时改为过去完成时“Isawheryesterday,”hesaid.Hesaidhehadseenherthedaybefore.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化过去完成时仍然为过去完成时过去完成时仍然为过去完成时Jacksaid:“Rickhadbeenillinbedformanydays.”.JacksaidifthatRickhadbeenillinbedformanydays.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化一般将来时改为过去将来时一般将来时改为过去将来时Hesaid:“Wesha

6、llstarttomorrow.”Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.主句主句动词为动词为一般一般过过去去时时，时态时态做相做相应变应变化化如何如何变时态：直接引直接引语间接引接引语一般一般现在时现在时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时一般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时例如：例如：1)Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”S

7、hesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid.“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.2.直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的

8、直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时变间接引语时,时态保持不变。时态保持不变。Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.3.直接引直接引语中有具体的中有具体的过去某年、某月、去某年、某月、某日作状某日作状语，变为间接引接引语时,时态不不变。XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.4

9、.若直接引语中含有若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变变间接引语时间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：从句时态不变。如：Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.5.若直接引语的谓语中含有若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,hadbetter等情态等情态动词时。如：动词时。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”Shesaidweshoul

10、dhelpeachother.一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变He said,“I dont like junk food.”He said he didnt like junk food.She said to Jim:“You will give a speech tomorrow.”She told Jim he would give a speech the next day.He said to her:“Tom can help you.”He told her Tom could help her.3.人称变化人称变化4.状状语变化：化：直接引直接引语变间接引接引语，

11、状，状语变化有其内化有其内在在规律律，时间状状语由由“现在在”改改为“原来原来”例例:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore,today变为变为thatday。地点状地点状语,尤其表示方向性的尤其表示方向性的,或用指示或用指示代代词修修饰的状的状语,由由“此此”改改为“彼彼”(例例:this改改为that),如：如：Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.Hesaidthosebookswerehis.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,下列代下列代词词、形容形容词词、副、副词词、动词动词等可能要等可能要变变化化直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语

12、语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethatdaythenext/followingday直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomehereintwodaystimethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforegothere5.特殊句式的直接引语和间接引语特殊句式的直接引语和间接引语祈使句祈使句如果祈使句是表示如果祈使句是表示请求请求，间接引语的，间接引语的动词常用动词常用ask，如果是表

13、示，如果是表示命令命令，间接，间接引语的动词常用引语的动词常用tell,order,commandsb.todosth.等。等。不定式不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.祈使句祈使句The officer said to him,“Dont leave your post.”that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Isuggestedhimthatwe(should)startatonce.Isuggestedstartingatonce.Lets开开头头的祈使句的祈使句变为间接引接引语时，通常用通常用“suggest+动名名词（或从句）。（或从句）。

14、”I said to him,“Lets start at once.”that/what/how引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.感感叹叹句句He said:“How happy I am!”例如例如:1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.2.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastet

15、heirtime.1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.Exercise IExercise I3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyo

16、udothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.IlookedthatdayExercise IIExercise II2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalki

17、ngthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishal

18、ltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”

19、Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardtheweekbeforeC.whathehadherdaweekagoD.ifheheardtheweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholi

20、days?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.

21、A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise1.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose练一练练一练2.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo3.“Dontputitonmyhat.

22、”hiswifesaidtohim.Hiswifetoldhim_putiton_hat.A.dont,hisB.dont,herC.notto,hisD.notto,her4.RoseaskedTom,“Didyouseemypurse?”RoseaskedTom_.A.whetherthathehadseenherpurseB.whetherhehadseenherpurseC.thatwhetherhehadseenherpurseD.thatifhehasseenherpurse5.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC

23、.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter解析解析:如果直接引语是如果直接引语是“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”,变间接引语时语序不变。变间接引语时语序不变。6.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartym

24、emberoraLeaguemember7.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.解析解析:反意疑问句要变成反意疑问句要变成whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.8.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuc

25、hIpaid9.Theboysaid,“MayIgoalongwithyou?”Theboyaskedme_.A.ifImightgoalongwithyouB.ifhemightgoalongwithyouC.ifhemightgoalongwithme D.ifhemightgoalongwiththeboy10.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.sp

26、oketohismotherthattheboywas练一练练一练1.Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereforthreedays.”2.Hesaidthat_sister_threedays.3.2.Shesaid,”Illgotheretomorrow.”4.Shesaidthat_gothere_.hishadbeenthereforshewouldthenextday3.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”She_me_him_.4.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoPeter.Father_Pete

27、r_thenight_.askedif/whetherIhasseenthenightbeforeaskedwhenhewenttobeforebed5.Thehostsaidtous,“Pleasecometoseeusagainifyouhavetime.”_.Thehostaskedustogotoseethemagainifwehadtime改错：1.JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2.HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.3.TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.4.Hesaidthesebookswerehis.5.Shesaidthatshewouldgothisevening6.Hesaidthathewaswashinghisclothesnow.7.ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesthesedays.答案1.is-was2.has-had3.his-my4.these-those5.this-that6.now-then7.these-those