《定语从句语法点》PPT课件.ppt

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1、定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause 带定语从句的谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose

2、何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略定语：定语：定语：定语：用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词He is aHe is a clever clever boy.boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。他是一个聪明的男孩。他是一个聪明的男孩。他是一个聪明的男孩。He is aHe is a physics physics teacher.teacher.他是一个物理老师。他是一个物理老师。他是一个物理老师。他是一个物理老师。Australia is an Australia is an English-English-speakingspeaki

3、ng country.country.澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。Key words:复合句复合句(含有从含有从句的句子句的句子;从句在复合句中充从句在复合句中充当什么成分就叫什么从句当什么成分就叫什么从句)e.g.1.When I came in,he was reading a book.(时间时间状语从句状语从句)2.I hope(that)you will give me a reply soon.(宾语从句宾语从句)定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语由一个

4、句子充当定语,即在复即在复即在复即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句合句中修饰名词或代词的从句合句中修饰名词或代词的从句合句中修饰名词或代词的从句定语定语定语定语从句的位置：从句的位置：从句的位置：从句的位置：在修饰名词或代词后在修饰名词或代词后在修饰名词或代词后在修饰名词或代词后 先行词先行词先行词先行词：引导词引导词引导词引导词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词 that,that,who,who,whom,whose,whom,whose,which,aswhich,as关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词 when,when,w

5、here,why where,why 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词For example:This is a book which tells about space knowledge.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句定语从句四步：定语从句四步：第一步第一步,找出先行词；找出先行词；第二第二,找出定语从句找出定语从句第三第三,看先行词在定语从句中看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语的语法功能（主语、宾语）第四第四,选择合适的关系词。选择合适的关系词。e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行

6、词定语从句定语从句引导词的作用：引导词的作用：引导词的作用：引导词的作用：(1)(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)(2)在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分 (3)(3)代替先行词在从句中的代替先行词在从句中的代替先行词在从句中的代替先行词在从句中的 位置位置位置位置关系代词关系代词that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（主语）主语）2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（宾语）（宾语）1

7、.This is the factory.2.The factory is near our school.3.This is the factory4._which/that is near our school1.This is the factory.2.I visited the factory.This is the factory_which/that I visited.Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，在从句中作主语或宾语，指物指物1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(主语主语 )2)The fish whi

8、ch we bought were not fresh.（宾语）（宾语）1.This is the factory.2.The factory is near our school.3.This is the factory4._which/that is near our school1.This is the factory.2.I visited the factory.This is the factory_which/that I visited.who 在从句中作主语和宾语在从句中作主语和宾语,指人指人1)The foreigner who visited our school y

9、esterday is from Canada.（主语）（主语）2)Comrade Li is a man who we should learn from（宾语）（宾语）1.I have a friend.2.I have a selfless friend.3.I have a friend 4._who is selflesswhom 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语,指人指人3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.（宾语）（宾语）4)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.（宾语

10、）（宾语）2)This is the book whose cover is blue.whose 在从句中作定语，在从句中作定语，指人或物指人或物1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.whose 引导的定语从句应注意引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：以下几点：1.whose 引导定语从句，在从句引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词中作定语其后应紧跟名词 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.2.whose 引导定语从句，其引导定语从句，其

11、先行词可指人，也可指物先行词可指人，也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3.whose 在定语从句中与它在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语宾语,可以与介词一起放在先可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间行词与从句之间 Tom,on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.4.Whose 的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用of which 代替代替whose.指人不可指人不可 whose+n=the+n+of which=of

12、 which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room,the window of which faces south.1)Do you know the man _is standing over there?2)The girl _ we were talking about is Mary.who/that who(m)/that3)The book _ is about the USA has been lost.4)Did you see the pen _ I lost yes

13、terday?that/whichthat/which5)There are some people _ faces you cant forget.6)I am sitting in the chair _legs are broken.whosewhoseThere are some people whose faces you cant forget.There are some people of whom the faces you cant forget.I am sitting in the chair whose legs are broken.I am sitting in

14、the chair of which the legs are broken.关系代词关系代词who,that作主语作主语1.Your friend came to see you yesterday.2.Your friend studies in Beijing University.Your friend who/that studies in Beijing University came to see you yesterday.关系代词关系代词whom,that 作宾语作宾语1.He is the man.2.You have been waiting for the man.He

15、 is the man(whom/that)you have been waiting for.关系代词关系代词 which,that 作主语作主语1.It sounded like a train.2.A train was going under my house.It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.关系代词关系代词which/that 作宾语作宾语1.The earth is a big ball.2.We live on the earth.The earth(which/that)we live on

16、 is a big ball.关系代词关系代词whose 作定语作定语1.Do you know the man?2.The mans watch is missing.Do you know the man whose watch is missing?where引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词地点的名词,并在定语从句中作并在定语从句中作地点状语地点状语,相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代关系代词词(which)”。where=in which=at which1.This is the factory.2.I worked in the factory.This is t

17、he factory_which/that I worked in.This is the factory in _ I worked.which=where1.We visited the house.2.Luxun once lived in the house.We visited the house _ Luxun once lived.where=in which1.This is the library _ has many books.2.This is the library _ I visited.3.This is the library _ I read books.wh

18、ich/thatwhich/thatin which/wherethe librarythe libraryin the library when引导的定语从句修饰表示引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词时间的名词,并在定语从句中作并在定语从句中作时间状语时间状语,相当于相当于“介词介词+关系关系代词代词(which)”。关系副词关系副词 when=in which=at which=on which1.Ill never forget the day.2.I joined the Party on the day.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the P

19、arty.when=on which We still remember that August _ we traveled together.in that Augustin which/when1.This is the day _ we cant forget.2.This is the day _ I was born.which/thaton which/whenthe dayon the day why引导的定语从句修饰表引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词示原因的名词,并在定语从句并在定语从句中作中作原因状语原因状语,相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which)”。why=

20、for which 1.There are many reasons.2.People like traveling for many reasons.There are many reasons_ people like traveling.for whichwhy=1.This is the reason _ he gave me.2.This is the reason _ he was late.for which/whywhich/thatthe reasonfor the reason as 引导定语从句常出现于引导定语从句常出现于the sameas,suchas,asas,so

21、as中。中。As 引导引导的定语从句常用省略形式，的定语从句常用省略形式，as 在在从句中既可指人或物，也可指整个从句中既可指人或物，也可指整个句子，指整个句子时可位于句首，句子，指整个句子时可位于句首，句尾或句中。句尾或句中。As 引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，在从句中常作主语，宾语，表语等。在从句中常作主语，宾语，表语等。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。应受到极大的尊重。(as与与

22、such连用，在定语从句连用，在定语从句中做主语中做主语)语，表语等。语，表语等。Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。面吧。（as 与与the same连用，在定语连用，在定语从句中做状语）从句中做状语）Shakespeare is a famous writer,as everybody knows.众所周知，众所周知，莎士比亚是著名的作莎士比亚是著名的作家。家。(as代替整个从句，做代替整个从句，做knows 的宾的宾语，位于句尾语，位于句尾)Shakespeare,as

23、everybody knows,is a famous writer.（位于句中）（位于句中）这类这类as引导的定语从句通常有固定引导的定语从句通常有固定表达。表达。As I can remember正如我所记的正如我所记的As often happens 正如经常发的正如经常发的As you see 这一点你明白这一点你明白As is well known 众所周知众所周知As is expected 正如预料的那样正如预料的那样As can be seen 看得出来看得出来方式方式 关系副词关系副词 that=in whichThis is the way that(in which)he

24、 did itI dont lie the way that(=in which)you laugh at her提醒一：关系代词或关系副词提醒一：关系代词或关系副词的选择有两个原则：的选择有两个原则：1）先行词）先行词是人还是物是人还是物;2)先行词在从句中先行词在从句中作什么成分。若先行词在从句作什么成分。若先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，或定语，则中作主语，宾语，或定语，则选关系代词；若在从句中作状选关系代词；若在从句中作状语，则选关系副词。语，则选关系副词。1We will remember those days that/which we spent together.(作宾语作宾语)2

25、we will remember those days when we played by the sea.(作状语作状语)提醒二：关系代词在定语从提醒二：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，根据先行词句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。的单复数。1He is the only one of the students who knows French(the only one 为先行词为先行词)2He is one of the students who know French(students 为先行词为先行词)提醒三：关系代词的省略：在提醒三：关系代

26、词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语（这时作动词宾语或介词宾语（这时介词不能在关系代词前）时常介词不能在关系代词前）时常可省略。可省略。The boy(that/who/whom)we saw last night was Tom提醒四：定语从句常见错误提醒四：定语从句常见错误1缺先行词：缺先行词：Is this school that you visited last year?该句缺先行词，应在该句缺先行词，应在school后面后面加上加上the one2 缺引导词：缺引导词：Chinese eat a lot of sugar often

27、have bad teeth应在应在children后面加上后面加上who 关系代词作主语时不能省略关系代词作主语时不能省略3成分重复：成分重复：This is the house where I lived there years ago.Where 和和there 句子成分重句子成分重复，应去掉复，应去掉there提醒五提醒五 关系副词和关系代词关系副词和关系代词的判断方法的判断方法关系副词和关系代词的选择关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中是根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分。若是做状语，则作的成分。若是做状语，则用关系副词或用关系副词或“介词介词+which”若是作主语或宾语，

28、若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。例如：则用关系代词。例如：I will never forget the days(that/which)I spent with my teacherI will never forget the days when I played with you The factory(that/which)we visited yesterday was built last year The factory where he works was built last yearThis is the reason(that/which)she gave me for

29、doing itDo you know the reasons why he came late?但要注意在以下但要注意在以下8种情况下种情况下,指物时指物时用用that 不用不用which,who注意！注意！1.先行词是先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,the one 等时等时 There is much that should be used.You can take any seat that is free.2.先行词被先行词被all,any,no,only,little,muc

30、h,very,every,some,few,none 等修饰时等修饰时 I have read all the books(that)you gave me.Every dictionary that our library bought is good.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。时。This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,

31、the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.The Great Wall is the last place that Mr.Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.5.在以在以 which,who作主语的特殊疑作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中问句中的定语从句中 Who is the man that is reading a book there?Which is the magazine that you borrowed from the r

32、eading room?6.当先行词既有表示当先行词既有表示人人又有表示又有表示物物的词时的词时 We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.7.当先行词在定语从句中做当先行词在定语从句中做表语表语时时,无论先行词是人还是物无论先行词是人还是物 China is no longer the country that she was.8.主句以主句以there be 开头时开头时 There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.不用不用that的场合如下：的场合

33、如下：1）非限制性定语从句中）非限制性定语从句中:是对是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2）介词放在关系代词之前时）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出现了）句中出现了that，或先行词，或先行词是是that时时 I have found that whic

34、h I was looking for.二、只用二、只用who的情况的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho先行词是先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用时用who.定语从句必须

35、注意的特殊例子定语从句必须注意的特殊例子1.先行词为先行词为situation,case,stage,point,position关系词要用关系词要用where,in which eg.Can you imaging the situation where/in which you can use the word.2.先行词为先行词为way,关系词要用关系词要用that,in which 或省略或省略eg.Do you know the way(that/in which/-)he worked the problem.3.定语从句的必须注意的两个句定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。型。Is t

36、his school the one we visited that year?Is this the school that we visited that year?He is one of the students who are from the south.He is the(only)one of the students who is from the south.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特写的人或物，说明先行词的性质，身份，特征等状况。如果去掉，则意思含混不清。A doctor is a person wh

37、o looks after peoples health.上边的例句如果去掉上边的例句如果去掉who looks after peoples health.就成了就成了A doctor is a person(医生是人医生是人)，完全失去了原句的意义。完全失去了原句的意义。非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句起起补补充充附附带带说说明明作作用用，去去掉掉也也不不会会影影响响对对全全句句的的理理解解，在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的前前面面往往往往有有逗逗号号隔隔开开，如如若若将将非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句放放在在句句子子中中间间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。其前后都需要用逗号隔开。Yes

38、terday Jimmy left for Canada,where he had stayed two years.昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆了两年。曾在那儿呆了两年。Toms father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.汤姆的父亲已经六十多岁了，但他汤姆的父亲已经六十多岁了，但他仍然从早到晚辛勤的工作。仍然从早到晚辛勤的工作。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下表所示：如下表所示：指代对象指代对象 指代人指代人 指代物指代物主格主格 who which

39、,as宾格宾格 whom which,as所有格所有格 of whom,whose（指代人）（指代人）which,of which,whose（指代物）（指代物）注意：关系代词注意：关系代词that 不引导非限制不引导非限制性定语从句。性定语从句。关系副词关系副词why 不能引导非限制不能引导非限制性定语从句性定语从句 引导非限制性定语从句的关系引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词主要有副词主要有when,whereShe said she had finished her work,which I doubted very much.她说她已经完成了这项工作，我对她说她已经完成了这项工作，我对此深表怀疑。此深表怀疑。As most people know,Fujian is famous for tea.周所周知，福建以茶出名。周所周知，福建以茶出名。