《句子成分详解》PPT课件.ppt

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1、句子成分包含九种主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语插入语主语（subject）定定义：表示动作的发出者，句子描述的是“谁”或者“什么”；通常由名名词，代代词，动词的不定式，的不定式，动名名词或者从句或者从句担任。Lets have a tryHonesty is the best policy.诚实是上策。Nobody can help you except yourself.只有你才能帮助你自己。Four and five makes nine.四加五等于九。名名词和名和名词短短语不定代不定代词数数词The sick and the old need our help.病人和老人需要我们的帮

2、助。The wounded should be sent to hospital at once.受伤人员应立即送往医院。To be a nurse is my wish.成为护士是我的心愿。形容形容词过去分去分词不定式不定式Lets have a tryRunning is good for health.跑步有益健康。That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来很多麻烦。动名名词句子句子Lets have a try谓语（predicate verb）定定义

3、：说明主语的动作或状态；由动词或或动词短短语担任。The plane takes off at 8.飞机八点起飞。I would like to invite all my friends here.我想把所有的朋友都邀请到这里。宾语（object）定定义：表示动作（介词）的对象；通常由名名词、代、代词、数、数词、动词不定式、不定式、动名名词或从或从句句等担任。I love you.宾语包括直接宾语（direct object),表示动作的承受者；间接宾语（indirect object),表示动作对谁或为谁做。He gave me a book.He gave a book to me.带带

4、 to 的的 bring,give,hand,leave,lend,offer ,pass ,post,promise,read,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell，write.Will you show me your ticket,please?Will you show your ticket to me,please?带带 for 的的词词：book,buy ,choose,cook,make ,fetch,find,get.My father bought me a beautiful backpack(背包).My father bought a beau

5、tiful backpack for me.表语（predicative）定定义：位于系动词后面叫做表语。通常由名名词、代、代词、形容形容词、数、数词、副、副词、介、介词短短语、动词不定式、不定式、动名名词、分、分词或从句或从句等担任。除be动词之外的系动词还有：其他形式的系动词持持续动词 keep;remain;stay表示表示“像像”系系动词 seem appear look 感官系感官系动词look;feel;smell sound;taste变化系化系动词 become;grow turn;fall;get;go ;come 终止系止系动词：prove turn out 持续系动词Th

6、e problem remains unsettled.这个问题还是没有解决好。She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency.她有处变不惊的本事。表像的系动词He seems/appears very sad.他看起来很伤心。She seems/appears an unusually clever girl.她看起来像是一个异常聪明的姑娘。感官系动词This kind of cloth feels very smooth.这种布手感光滑。The soup smells nice.这汤闻起来很香。变化系动词He has become a do

7、ctor.他成为了一名医生。It began to grow dark.天渐渐黑了。The horse fell lame.那匹马变瘸了。The river is beginning to run dry.河水开始干涸了。终止系动词His effort,however,proved to be a failure.The person I spoke to turn out to be an Italian.Pollution from cars has become a major problem.汽车尾气成了一个主要问题。You are many,but they are few.你们人多

8、，但他们人少。Angela was the first to leave.Angela 是第一个走的。名词作变化系动词的表语代词数词Lets have a tryPlease feel free to say what you really think.请随便谈谈你的你的想法。Im much worried about her health.我对她的健康状况感到忧虑。Wasting time is killing yourself.浪费时间就是自杀。My wish is to become an artist.我的愿望是成为一名艺术家。形容词作感官系动词的表语过去分词动名词不定式The fir

9、e was still on when we arrived.我们到达时火还在燃烧。Come to see me tomorrow when I am at work.明天我上班的时候来见我。This is where we disagree with each other.这就是我们有分歧的地方。副词on作表语 介词短语作表语从句定语（attributive）定定义：修饰或限定名词或代词用的；通常由形容形容词、代、代词、数数词、介、介词短短语、动词不定式、不定式、动名名词、分、分词或从句或从句担任。This is a difficult problem.Open your mouth and

10、 put out your tongue.She cut the cake into two pieces.形容词代词数词The book on the shelf was just bought.lets try another way to do this.?Put the child in the sleeping bag.介词短语不定式动名词补语（complement）定定义：补充说明主语或宾语用的；通常由形容形容词、名、名词、代、代词、数、数词，介，介词短短语、动词的的ing形式、不定形式、不定式等担任。We elected him monitor.We all find him f

11、unny.He was once again found wandering along the city street.see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have 等等动动词词常常接常常接宾语补宾语补足足语语They kept me waiting for a long time.He saw people coming and going.We had the machine repaired.状语（adverbial）定定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用的；通常由副副词、介、介词短短语、动词不定式、分不定式、分词或从句或从句担任。He

12、 runs fast.We live to work not work to live.Arriving there,call me up.The meeting is going to be held in Room 321 tomorrow morning.同位语（appositive）定定义：对前面名词或者代词做进一步的解释；通常由名名词、数数词、代、代词或从句或从句等担任。This is Mr Zhou,our headmaster.插入语（parenthesis）也叫做独立成分定定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释，通常由形容形容词、副、副词、介介词短短语、动词不定式、不定式、现在分在分词

13、或从句或从句等担任。To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.Learn from the textMy name is Li Kang.I live in Shijiazhuang,a city not far from Beijing.It is the capital city of Hebei Province.同位同位语表表语Learn from the text The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.We do this in a fun way.后置定后置定语方式状方式状语