C程序设计语言_第2版(高清).pdf

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1、?1?C?C?C?C?C?1.1.?hello,world?C?“hello,world?#include main()printf(hello,worldn);?UNIX?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?“.c?hello.c?cc hello.c?a.out?a.out?a.out?hello,world?#include main()printf(hello,worldn);?main?main?main?printf?n?C?C?C?Fortran?Pascal?mai

2、n?main?main?main?main?#include?C?7?B?main?()?main?printf(hello,worldn);?hello,worldn?printf?printf?hello,worldn?printf?C?n?n?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?printf?n?n?printf(hello,world);C?printf?#include main()printf(hello,);printf(world);printf(n);?n?n?C

3、?t?b?2.3?1-1?“hello,world?1-2?printf?c?c?1.2.?=(5/9)(?-32)?1-1720-640460158026100371204814060160711808220093220104240115260126280137300148?main?“hello,world?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?#include/*?fahr=0?20?300?*/main()int fahr,celsius;int lower,upper,st

4、ep;lower=0;/*?*/upper=300;/*?*/step=20;/*?*/fahr=lower;while(fahr=upper)celsius=5*(fahr-32)/9;printf(%dt%dn,fahr,celsius);fahr=fahr+step;?/*?fahr=0?20?300?*/?/*?*/?C?int fahr,celsius;int lower,upper,step;?int?float?int?float?int?16?-32768?32767?32?int?float?32?6?10-38?1038?int?float?C?char?short?lon

5、g?double?4?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu- lower=0;upper=300;step=20;fahr=lower;?while?while(fahr=upper).while?(fahrupper)?while?while?while(i j)i=2*i;?while?C?celsius=5*(fahr-32)/9?celsius?5?9?5/9?C?5?9?5/9?0?0?printf?printf?7?%?%d?printf(%dt%dn,fahr,celsi

6、us);?fahr?celsius?t?printf?%?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?printf?C?C?printf?C?ANSI?printf?C?7?7?7.4?scanf?scanf?printf?printf?%d?printf(%3d%6dn,fahr,celsius);?fahr?celsius?fahr?3?celsius?6?0 -17 20 -6 40 4 60 15 80 26 100 37 .?0?-17.8?-17?#include /*prin

7、t Fahrenheit-Celsius table for fahr=0,20,.,300;floating-point version*/main()float fahr,celsius;float lower,upper,step;lower=0;/*lower limit of temperatuire scale*/upper=300;/*upper limit*/step=20;/*step size*/fahr=lower;while(fahr=upper)celsius=(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32.0);printf(%3.0f%6.1fn,fahr,celsius)

8、;fahr=fahr+step;?fahr?celsius?float?5/9?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?0?5.0/9.0?fahr 32?32?2?fahr=lower;?while(fahr=upper)?int?float?printf?%3.0f?fahr?3?%6.1f?celsius?6?1?0 -17.8 20 -6.7 40 4.4 .?%6f?6?%.2f?%f?%d?%6d?6?%f?%6f?6?%.2f?%6.2f?6?printf?%o?%x?%

9、c?%s?%?%?1-3?1-4?1.3.for?#include Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu- /*?*/main()int fahr;for(fahr=0;fahr=300;fahr=fahr+20)printf(%3d%6.1fn,fahr,(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32);?int?fahr?for?printf?C?printf?%6.1f?for?while?for?while?for?3?fahr=0?fahr=300?true?printf?fahr=f

10、ahr+20?fahr?faise?while?for?whi1e?for?for?while?1-5?300?0?1.4.?300?20?#define?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-#define?#define?#include#define LOWER 0 /*lower limit of table*/#define UPPER 300 /*upper limit*/#define STEP 20 /*step size*/*print Fahrenheit-Cels

11、ius table*/main()int fahr;for(fahr=LOWER;fahr=UPPER;fahr=fahr+STEP)printf(%3d%6.1fn,fahr,(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32);?LOWER?UPPER?STEP?#define?1.5.?0?C?getchar?putchar?getchar?c=getchar()?c?7?putchar?putchar()?c?putchar?printf?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-1.5.1.?

12、getchar?putchar?while(?)?C?#include /*copy input to output;1st version */main()int c;c=getchar();while(c!=EOF)putchar(c);c=getchar();?!=?char?int?int?C?getchar?EOF?end of file?c?getchar?c?char?EOF?c?int?EOF?char?C?C?c=getchar()?c?while?#include Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!P

13、DF-XCHANGEwww.docu- /*copy input to output;2nd version */main()int c;while(c=getchar()!=EOF)putchar(c);?while?c?while?while?while?main?getchar?while?!=?=?!=?=?c=getchar()!=EOF?c=(getchar()!=EOF)?c?0?1?getchar?2?1-6?getchar()!=EOF?0?1?1-7?EOF?1.5.2.?#include /*count characters in input;1st version*/m

14、ain()long nc;nc=0;while(getchar()!=EOF)+nc;printf(%ldn,nc);?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-+nc;?+?1?nc=nc+1?+nc?-?+?-?+nc?nc+?2?+nc?nc+?nc?1?long?int?long?32?int?long?int?16?32767?int?%ld?printf?long?double?while?for?#include /*count characters in input;2nd

15、 version*/main()double nc;for(nc=0;gechar()!=EOF;+nc);printf(%.0fn,nc);?float?double?printf?%f?%.0f?0?for?C?for?for?getchar?while?for?0?whi1e?for?0?while?for?1.5.3.?#include Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu- /*count lines in input*/main()int c,nl;nl=0;while(c

16、=getchar()!=EOF)if(c=n)+nl;printf(%dn,nl);?while?if?+nl?if?=?C?Pascal?=?Fortran?.EQ.?C?=?=?=?C?=?2?A?ASCII?65?A?65?A?65?A?n?ASCII?10?n?n?2?1-8?1-9?1-10?t?b?1.5.4.?4?UNIX?wc?#include#define IN 1 /*inside a word*/#define OUT 0 /*outside a word*/Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF

17、-XCHANGEwww.docu- /*count lines,words,and characters in input*/main()int c,nl,nw,nc,state;state=OUT;nl=nw=nc=0;while(c=getchar()!=EOF)+nc;if(c=n)+nl;if(c=|c=n|c=t)state=OUT;else if(state=OUT)state=IN;+nw;printf(%d%d%dn,nl,nw,nc);?state?OUT?IN?OUT?1?0?nl=nw=nc=0;?3?nl?nw?nc?0?n1=(nw=(nc=0);?|?OR?if(c

18、=|c=n|c=t)?c?c?c?t?&?AND?|?&?|?c?else?if?if(?)?1else?2Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?if-else?1?2?else?if?if?1-11?1-12?1.6.?C?12?10?#include /*count digits,white space,others*/main()int c,i,nwhite,nother;int ndigit10;nwhite=nother=0;for(i=0;i=0&c=9)+ndigitc

19、-0;else if(c=|c=n|c=t)+nwhite;else +nother;printf(digits=);for(i=0;i=0&c=0&c=9)+ndigitc-0;else if(c=|c=n|c=t)+nwhite;else +nother;?if(?1)?1else if(?1)?2.else?n?else?else?if?else?0?else if(?)?if?else?3?switch?3.4?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?switch?1-13?1

20、-14?1.7.?C?Fortran?Pascal?C?printf?getchar?putchar?C?Fortran?*?power(m,n)?power(m,n)?m?n?n?power(2,5)?32?xy?pow(x,y)?power(m,n)?#include int power(int m,int n);/*test power function*/main()int i;for(i=0;i=0*/int power(int base,int n)int i,p;p=1;for(i=1;i=0*/*(old-style version)*/power(base,n)int bas

21、e,n;int i,p;p=1;for(i=1;i=0;version 2*/int power(int base,int n)int p;for(p=1;n 0;-n)p=p*base;return p;?n?for?0?i?power?n?n?5?1.9.?C?while(?)if(?)?getline?getline?0?0?1?copy?main?getline?copy?#include#define MAXLINE 1000 /*maximum input line length*/Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy

22、NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu- int getline(char line,int maxline);void copy(char to,char from);/*print the longest input line*/main()int len;/*current line length*/int max;/*maximum length seen so far*/char lineMAXLINE;/*current input line*/char longestMAXLINE;/*longest line saved here*/max=0;while(len=ge

23、tline(line,MAXLINE)0)if(len max)max=len;copy(longest,line);if(max 0)/*there was a line*/printf(%s,longest);return 0;/*getline:read a line into s,return length */int getline(char s,int lim)int c,i;for(i=0;i 0)if(len max)max=len;copy();if(max 0)/*there was a line*/printf(%s,longest);return 0;/*getline

24、:specialized version*/int getline(void)int c,i;extern char line;for(i=0;i MAXLINE-1&(c=getchar)!=EOF&c!=n;+i)linei=c;if(c=n)linei=c;+i;Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu- linei=0;return i;/*copy:specialized version*/void copy(void)int i;extern char line,longest

25、;i=0;while(longesti=linei)!=0)+i;?main?getline?copy?extern?extern?extern?extern?main?getline?copy?extern?extern?file1?file2?file3?file2?file3?extern?extern?#include?.h?4?7?B?getline?copy?getline()?copy()?C?ANSI C?C?ANSI C?void?4?define?declaration?2?1?2?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to

26、buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?C?1-20?detab?n?n?1-21?entab?1-20?detab?1-22?n?1-23?C?C?1-24?C?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?2?ANSI?signed?unsigned?long double?ANSI C?const?2.1.?1?“_?x?X?C?31?31?ANSI?6?if?else?int?float?2.2.?C?char?int?float?double?short?long

27、?short int sh;Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-long int counter;?int?short?long?int?short?16?1ong?32?int?16?32?short?int?16?long?32?short?int?int?long?signed?unsigned?char?unsigned?0?2n?n?char?8?unsigned char?0?255?signed char?-128?127?char?long double?float?

28、double?long double?B?2-1?signed?unsigned?char?short?int?long?2.3.?1234?int?long?l?L?123456789L?int?long?u?U?ul?UL?unsigned long?123.4?1e-2?double?f?F?float?l?L?long double?0?0 x?0X?31?037?0 x1f?0X1F?L?long?U?unsigned?0XFUL?unsigned long?15?x?ASCII?0?48?0?0?48?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Cli

29、ck to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?n?ooo?ooo?1?3?07?xhh?hh?09?af?AF?#define VTAB 013 /*ASCII vertical tab*/#define BELL 007 /*ASCII bell character*/?#define VTAB xb /*ASCII vertical tab*/#define BELL x7 /*ASCII bell character*/ANSI C?a?b?f?n?r?ooo?t?xhh?v?0?0?null?0?0?0?#define MAXLINE 1000 char lin

30、eMAXLINE+1;?#define LEAP 1/*in leap years*/int days31+28+LEAP+31+30+31+30+31+31+30+31+30+31;?0?I am a string?/*?*/?hello,worldClick to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?hello,world?0?C?strlen(s)?s?0?strlen?/*strlen:return length of s*/int strlen(char s)int i;while(si!

31、=0)+i;return i;?strlen?x?x?x?x?0?enum boolean NO,YES;?enum?0?1?enum escapes BELL=a,BACKSPACE=b,TAB=t,NEWLINE=n,VTAB=v,RETURN=r;enum months JAN=1,FEB,MAR,APR,MAY,JUN,JUL,AUG,SEP,OCT,NOV,DEC;/*FEB?2?MAR?3?*/?#define?enum?#define?2.4.?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww

32、.docu-int lower,upper,step;char c,1ine1000;?int lower;int upper;int step;char c;cbar line1000;?char esc=;int i=0;int limit=MAXLINE+1;float eps=1.0e-5;?0?const?const?const double e=2.71828182845905;const char msg=warning:;const?int strlen(const char);?const?2.5.?+?-?*?/?%?x%y?x?y?x?y?0?4?100?400?if(y

33、ear%4=0&year%100!=0)|year%400=0)printf(%d is a leap yearn,year);elseprintf(%d is not a leap yearn,year);Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?%?float?double?+?-?*?/?%?*?/?%?+?-?2-1?2.6.?=?=!=?i lim-1?i (lim-1)?&?|?&?|?C?1?getline?for(i=0;ilim-1&(c=getchar()!=n&c!

34、=EOF;+i)si=c;?s?ilim-1?getchar?c?EOF?c?&?|?i=0&si=A&c=Z)return c+a-A;else return c;Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?ASCII?ASCII?A?Z?EBCDIC?EBCDIC?B?tolower(c)?c?c?tolower?lower?c=0&c=9?isdigit(c)?C?char?signed?unsigned?char?int?char?1?char?int?char?0?C?char?

35、signed?unsigned?ij?&?|?1?0?d=c=0&c=9?c?d?l?d?0?isdigit?0?if?while?for?0”?C?+?*?A.6?unsigned?long double?1ongdouble?double?double?float?float?char?short?int?long?long?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?float?double?float?unsigned?int?16?long?32?-1L 1UL?1L?unslg

36、ned long?char?int i;char c;i=c;c=i;?c?x?float?i?int?x=i?i=x?float?int?double?float?char?short?int?float?double?char?float?int?double?(?)?sqrt?double?sqrt?n?sqrt(double)n)?n?sqrt?double?n?n?2-1?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?sqrt?double sqrt(double);?root2=

37、sqrt(2);?2?double?2.0?rand?srand?rand?unsigned long int next=1;/*rand:return pseudo-random integer on 0.32767*/int rand(void)next=next*1103515245+12345;return(unsigned int)(next/65536)%32768;/*srand:set seed for rand()*/void srand(unsigned int seed)next=seed;?2-3?htoi(s)?0 x?0X?0?9?a?f?A?F?2.8.?C?+?

38、1?1?+?if(c=n)+nl;+?-?+n?n+?n?1?+n?n?1?n?n+?n?n?1?n?+n?n+?n?5?x=n+;?x?5?x=+n;?x?6?n?6?(i+j)+?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?if(c=n)nl+;?squeeze(s,c)?s?c?/*squeeze:delete all c from s*/void squeeze(char s,int c)int i,j;for(i=j=0;si!=0;i+)if(si!=c)sj+=si;sj=0

39、;?c?j?j?1?if?if(si!=c)sj=si;j+;?1?getline?if?if(c=n)si=c;+i;?if(c=n)si+=c;?strcat(s,t)?t?s?strcat?s?/*strcat:concatenate t to end of s;s must be big enough*/void strcat(char s,char t)int i,j;i=j=0;while(si!=0)/*find end of s*/i+;while(si+=tj+)!=0)/*copy t*/;?t?s?i?j?+?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww

40、.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?i?j?2-4squeeze(s1,s2)?s1?s2?2-5?any(s1,s2)?s2?s1?s1?s2?-1?strpbrk?2.9.?C?6?char?short?int?long?&?AND?|?OR?XOR?&?n=n&0177?n?7?0?|?1?x=x|SET_ON?x?SET_ON?1?1?1?0?&?|?&?|?x?1?Y?2?x&y?0?x&y?1?x (p+1-n)&(0 n);?m (p+1-n)?0?1?0 n?0?n?n?0?n?1?2-6?setbits(x,p,n,y)?x

41、?x?p?n?y?n?x?2-7?invert(x,p,n)?x?x?p?n?1?0?0?1?x?2-8?rightrot(x,n)?x?n?2.10.?i=i+2?i+=2?+=?+?op=?op?+-*/%&|?expr1?expr2?expr1 op=expr2?expr1=(expr1)op(expr2)?expr1?expr2?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-x*=y+1?x=x*(y+1)?x=x*y+1?bitcount?1?/*bitcount:count 1 b

42、its in x*/int bitcount(unsigned x)int b;for(b=0;x!=0;x=1)if(x&01)b+;return b;?x?x?0?2?i?i?2?i?2?i?i+=2?i=i+2?yyvalyypvp3+p4+yypvp1+p2+=2?while(c=getchar()!=EOF)?+=?-=?2-9?x&=(x 1)?x?1?bitcount?2.11.?if(a b)z=a;elseClick to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-z=b;?a?b?z?“

43、?:?expr1?expr2:expr3?expr1?0?expr2?expr3?expr2?expr3?z=(a b)?a:b;/*z=max(a,b)*/?expr2?expr3?f?float?n?int?(n 0)?f:n?float?n?:?n?10?for(i=0;i?.?6?sizeof(?)?5?*?&?3?2-1?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-()-.?!+-+-*(type)sizeof?*/%?+-?=?=!=?&?|?&?|?:?=+=-=*=/=%=&

44、=|=?,?&?|?=?!=?if(x&MASK)=0).?C?&?|?:?,?x=f()+g();?f()?g()?g()?f?g?x?C?printf(%d%dn,+n,power(2,n);/*?*/?n?power?+n;printf(%d%dn,n,power(2,n);?”?ai=i+;?i?C?ANSI C?printfClick to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF

45、-XCHANGEwww.docu-?3?3.1.?x=0?i+?printf(.)?;?x=0;i+;printf(.);?C?Pascal?“?“?if?else?while?for?4?3.2.if-else?if-else?if?1else?2?else?0?1?0?else?2?if?if(?)?if(?!0)?if-else?else?if?else?else?else?if?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?if(n 0)if(a b)z=a;elsez=b;else

46、?if?if(n 0)if(a b)z=a;else z=b;?if(n 0)for(i=0;i 0)printf(.);return i;else /*WRONG*/printf(error-n is negativen);?else?if?if?if(a b)z=a;else z=b;?z=a?if?“z=a;”?3.3.else-if?C?if(?)?else if(?)?else if(?)?else if(?)?else?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?if?else

47、?else?v?x?v?v?x?x?v?0?n-1?-1?x?v?x?x?/*binsearch:find x in v0=v1=.=vn-1*/int binsearch(int x,int v,int n)int low,high,mid;low=0;high=n-1;while(low=high)mid=(low+high)/2;if(x vmid)low=mid+1;else /*found match*/return mid;return-1;/*no match*/?x?vmid?else-if?3-1?while?3.4.switch?switch?Click to buy NO

48、W!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-switch(?)case?:?case?:?default:?default?default?default?switch?default?1?ifelse ifelse?switch?#include main()/*count digits,white space,others*/int c,i,nwhite,nother,ndigit10;nwhite=nother=0;for(i=0;i 10;i+)ndigiti=0;while(c=getchar()!=EOF)s

49、witch(c)case 0:case 1:case 2:case 3:case 4:case 5:case 6:case 7:case 8:case 9:ndigitc-0+;break;case :case n:case t:nwhite+;break;default:nother+;break;printf(digits=);for(i=0;i 10;i+)printf(%d,ndigiti);printf(,white space=%d,other=%dn,nwhite,nother);return 0;break?switch?switch?case?switch?break?ret

50、urn?break?while?for?do?Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-Click to buy NOW!PDF-XCHANGEwww.docu-?break?switch?default?break?switch?3-2?escape(s,t)?t?s?n?t?swich?3.5.while?for?while?for?while?while(?)?0?0?for?;for(?1;?2;?3)?while?1;while(?2)?3;?while?for?continue?3.7?continue?for?3?1?3?2?3?for?1?3?w