linux操作系统核心常用的数据结构.pdf

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1、linux 操作系统核心常用的数据结构 block_dev_struct 此结构用于向核心登记块设备，它还被 buffer cache 实用。所有此类结构都位于 blk_dev 数组中。struct blk_dev_struct void(*request_fn)(void);struct request*current_request;struct request plug;struct tq_struct plug_tq;buffer_head 此结构包含关于 buffer cache 中一块缓存的信息。/*bh state bits*/#define BH_Uptodate 0/*1 i

2、f the buffer contains valid data*/#define BH_Dirty 1/*1 if the buffer is dirty*/#define BH_Lock 2/*1 if the buffer is locked*/#define BH_Req 3/*0 if the buffer has been invalidated*/#define BH_Touched 4/*1 if the buffer has been touched(aging)*/#define BH_Has_aged 5/*1 if the buffer has been aged(ag

3、ing)*/#define BH_Protected 6/*1 if the buffer is protected*/#define BH_FreeOnIO 7/*1 to discard the buffer_head after IO*/struct buffer_head /*First cache line:*/unsigned long b_blocknr;/*block number*/kdev_t b_dev;/*device(B_FREE=free)*/kdev_t b_rdev;/*Real device*/unsigned long b_rsector;/*Real bu

4、ffer location on disk*/struct buffer_head*b_next;/*Hash queue list*/struct buffer_head*b_this_page;/*circular list of buffers in one page*/*Second cache line:*/unsigned long b_state;/*buffer state bitmap(above)*/struct buffer_head*b_next_free;unsigned int b_count;/*users using this block*/unsigned l

5、ong b_size;/*block size*/*Non-performance-critical data follows.*/char*b_data;/*pointer to data block*/unsigned int b_list;/*List that this buffer appears*/unsigned long b_flushtime;/*Time when this(dirty)buffer *should be written*/unsigned long b_lru_time;/*Time when this buffer was *last used.*/st

6、ruct wait_queue*b_wait;struct buffer_head*b_prev;/*doubly linked hash list*/struct buffer_head*b_prev_free;/*doubly linked list of buffers*/struct buffer_head*b_reqnext;/*request queue*/;device 系统中每个网络设备都用一个设备数据结构来表示。struct device /*This is the first field of the visible part of this structure *(i.e

7、.as seen by users in the Space.c file).It is the name *the interface.*/char*name;/*I/O specific fields*/unsigned long rmem_end;/*shmem recv end*/unsigned long rmem_start;/*shmem recv start*/unsigned long mem_end;/*shared mem end*/unsigned long mem_start;/*shared mem start*/unsigned long base_addr;/*

8、device I/O address*/unsigned char irq;/*device IRQ number*/*Low-level status flags.*/volatile unsigned char start,/*start an operation*/interrupt;/*interrupt arrived*/unsigned long tbusy;/*transmitter busy*/struct device*next;/*The device initialization function.Called only once.*/int(*init)(struct

9、device*dev);/*Some hardware also needs these fields,but they are not part of the usual set specified in Space.c.*/unsigned char if_port;/*Selectable AUI,TP,*/unsigned char dma;/*DMA channel*/struct enet_statistics*(*get_stats)(struct device*dev);/*This marks the end of the visible part of the struct

10、ure.All *fields hereafter are internal to the system,and may change at *will(read:may be cleaned up at will).*/*These may be needed for future network-power-down code.*/unsigned long trans_start;/*Time(jiffies)of last transmit*/unsigned long last_rx;/*Time of last Rx*/unsigned short flags;/*interfac

11、e flags(BSD)*/unsigned short family;/*address family ID*/unsigned short metric;/*routing metric*/unsigned short mtu;/*MTU value*/unsigned short type;/*hardware type*/unsigned short hard_header_len;/*hardware hdr len*/void*priv;/*private data*/*Interface address info.*/unsigned char broadcastMAX_ADDR

12、_LEN;unsigned char pad;unsigned char dev_addrMAX_ADDR_LEN;unsigned char addr_len;/*hardware addr len*/unsigned long pa_addr;/*protocol address*/unsigned long pa_brdaddr;/*protocol broadcast addr*/unsigned long pa_dstaddr;/*protocol P-P other addr*/unsigned long pa_mask;/*protocol netmask*/unsigned s

13、hort pa_alen;/*protocol address len*/struct dev_mc_list*mc_list;/*Mcast mac addrs*/int mc_count;/*No installed mcasts*/struct ip_mc_list*ip_mc_list;/*IP mcast filter chain*/_u32 tx_queue_len;/*Max frames per queue*/*For load balancing driver pair support*/unsigned long pkt_queue;/*Packets queued*/st

14、ruct device*slave;/*Slave device*/struct net_alias_info*alias_info;/*main dev alias info*/struct net_alias*my_alias;/*alias devs*/*Pointer to the interface buffers.*/struct sk_buff_head buffsDEV_NUMBUFFS;/*Pointers to interface service routines.*/int(*open)(struct device*dev);int(*stop)(struct devic

15、e*dev);int(*hard_start_xmit)(struct sk_buff*skb,struct device*dev);int(*hard_header)(struct sk_buff*skb,struct device*dev,unsigned short type,void*daddr,void*saddr,unsigned len);int(*rebuild_header)(void*eth,struct device*dev,unsigned long raddr,struct sk_buff*skb);void(*set_multicast_list)(struct d

16、evice*dev);int(*set_mac_address)(struct device*dev,void*addr);int(*do_ioctl)(struct device*dev,struct ifreq*ifr,int cmd);int(*set_config)(struct device*dev,struct ifmap*map);void(*header_cache_bind)(struct hh_cache*hhp,struct device*dev,unsigned short htype,_u32 daddr);void(*header_cache_update)(str

17、uct hh_cache*hh,struct device*dev,unsigned char*haddr);int(*change_mtu)(struct device*dev,int new_mtu);struct iw_statistics*(*get_wireless_stats)(struct device*dev);device_struct 此结构被块设备和字符设备用来向核心登记（包含设备名称以及可对此设备进行的 文件操作）。chrdevs 和 blkdevs 中的每个有效分别表示一个字符设备和块设备。struct device_struct const char*name;st

18、ruct file_operations*fops;file 每个打开的文件、套接口都用此结构表示。struct file mode_t f_mode;loff_t f_pos;unsigned short f_flags;unsigned short f_count;unsigned long f_reada,f_ramax,f_raend,f_ralen,f_rawin;struct file*f_next,*f_prev;int f_owner;/*pid or-pgrp where SIGIO should be sent*/struct inode*f_inode;struct fi

19、le_operations*f_op;unsigned long f_version;void*private_data;/*needed for tty driver,and maybe others*/;files_struct 描叙被某进程打开的所有文件。struct files_struct int count;fd_set close_on_exec;fd_set open_fds;struct file*fdNR_OPEN;fs_struct struct fs_struct int count;unsigned short umask;struct inode*root,*pwd

20、;gendisk 包含关于某个硬盘的信息。用于磁盘初始化与分区检查时。struct hd_struct long start_sect;long nr_sects;struct gendisk int major;/*major number of driver*/const char*major_name;/*name of major driver*/int minor_shift;/*number of times minor is shifted to get real minor*/int max_p;/*maximum partitions per device*/int max_

21、nr;/*maximum number of real devices*/void(*init)(struct gendisk*);/*Initialization called before we do our thing*/struct hd_struct*part;/*partition table*/int*sizes;/*device size in blocks,copied to blk_size*/int nr_real;/*number of real devices*/void*real_devices;/*internal use*/struct gendisk*next

22、;inode 此 VFS inode 结构描叙磁盘上一个文件或目录的信息。struct inode kdev_t i_dev;unsigned long i_ino;umode_t i_mode;nlink_t i_nlink;uid_t i_uid;gid_t i_gid;kdev_t i_rdev;off_t i_size;time_t i_atime;time_t i_mtime;time_t i_ctime;unsigned long i_blksize;unsigned long i_blocks;unsigned long i_version;unsigned long i_nrp

23、ages;struct semaphore i_sem;struct inode_operations*i_op;struct super_block*i_sb;struct wait_queue*i_wait;struct file_lock*i_flock;struct vm_area_struct*i_mmap;struct page*i_pages;struct dquot*i_dquotMAXQUOTAS;struct inode*i_next,*i_prev;struct inode*i_hash_next,*i_hash_prev;struct inode*i_bound_to,

24、*i_bound_by;struct inode*i_mount;unsigned short i_count;unsigned short i_flags;unsigned char i_lock;unsigned char i_dirt;unsigned char i_pipe;unsigned char i_sock;unsigned char i_seek;unsigned char i_update;unsigned short i_writecount;union struct pipe_inode_info pipe_i;struct minix_inode_info minix

25、_i;struct ext_inode_info ext_i;struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i;struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i;struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i;struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i;struct iso_inode_info isofs_i;struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i;struct xiafs_inode_info xiafs_i;struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i;struct affs_inode_info

26、affs_i;struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i;struct socket socket_i;void*generic_ip;u;ipc_perm 此结构描叙对一个系统 V IPC 对象的存取权限。struct ipc_perm key_t key;ushort uid;/*owner euid and egid*/ushort gid;ushort cuid;/*creator euid and egid*/ushort cgid;ushort mode;/*access modes see mode flags below*/ushort seq;/*sequence

27、 number*/;irqaction 用来描叙系统的中断处理过程。struct irqaction void(*handler)(int,void*,struct pt_regs*);unsigned long flags;unsigned long mask;const char*name;void*dev_id;struct irqaction*next;linux_binfmt 用来表示可被 Linux 理解的二进制文件格式。struct linux_binfmt struct linux_binfmt*next;long*use_count;int(*load_binary)(str

28、uct linux_binprm*,struct pt_regs*regs);int(*load_shlib)(int fd);int(*core_dump)(long signr,struct pt_regs*regs);mem_map_t 用来保存每个物理页面的信息。typedef struct page /*these must be first(free area handling)*/struct page*next;struct page*prev;struct inode*inode;unsigned long offset;struct page*next_hash;atomi

29、c_t count;unsigned flags;/*atomic flags,some possibly updated asynchronously*/unsigned dirty:16,age:8;struct wait_queue*wait;struct page*prev_hash;struct buffer_head*buffers;unsigned long swap_unlock_entry;unsigned long map_nr;/*page-map_nr=page-mem_map*/mem_map_t;mm_struct 用来描叙某任务或进程的虚拟内存。struct mm

30、_struct int count;pgd_t*pgd;unsigned long context;unsigned long start_code,end_code,start_data,end_data;unsigned long start_brk,brk,start_stack,start_mmap;unsigned long arg_start,arg_end,env_start,env_end;unsigned long rss,total_vm,locked_vm;unsigned long def_flags;struct vm_area_struct*mmap;struct

31、vm_area_struct*mmap_avl;struct semaphore mmap_sem;pci_bus 表示系统中的一个 PCI 总线。struct pci_bus struct pci_bus*parent;/*parent bus this bridge is on*/struct pci_bus*children;/*chain of P2P bridges on this bus*/struct pci_bus*next;/*chain of all PCI buses*/struct pci_dev*self;/*bridge device as seen by pare

32、nt*/struct pci_dev*devices;/*devices behind this bridge*/void*sysdata;/*hook for sys-specific extension*/unsigned char number;/*bus number*/unsigned char primary;/*number of primary bridge*/unsigned char secondary;/*number of secondary bridge*/unsigned char subordinate;/*max number of subordinate bu

33、ses*/;pci_dev 表示系统中的每个 PCI 设备，包括 PCI-PCI 和 PCI-PCI 桥接器。/*There is one pci_dev structure for each slot-number/function-number *combination:*/struct pci_dev struct pci_bus*bus;/*bus this device is on*/struct pci_dev*sibling;/*next device on this bus*/struct pci_dev*next;/*chain of all devices*/void*sy

34、sdata;/*hook for sys-specific extension*/unsigned int devfn;/*encoded device&function index*/unsigned short vendor;unsigned short device;unsigned int class;/*3 bytes:(base,sub,prog-if)*/unsigned int master:1;/*set if device is master capable*/*In theory,the irq level can be read from configuration *

35、space and all would be fine.However,old PCI chips dont *support these registers and return 0 instead.For example,*the Vision864-P rev 0 chip can uses INTA,but returns 0 in *the interrupt line and pin registers.pci_init()*initializes this field with the value at PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE *and it is the job

36、of pcibios_fixup()to change it if *necessary.The field must not be 0 unless the device *cannot generate interrupts at all.*/unsigned char irq;/*irq generated by this device*/;request 被用来向系统的块设备发送请求。它总是向 buffer cache 读出或写入数据块。struct request volatile int rq_status;#define RQ_INACTIVE(-1)#define RQ_ACT

37、IVE 1#define RQ_SCSI_BUSY 0 xffff#define RQ_SCSI_DONE 0 xfffe#define RQ_SCSI_DISCONNECTING 0 xffe0 kdev_t rq_dev;int cmd;/*READ or WRITE*/int errors;unsigned long sector;unsigned long nr_sectors;unsigned long current_nr_sectors;char*buffer;struct semaphore*sem;struct buffer_head*bh;struct buffer_hea

38、d*bhtail;struct request*next;rtable 用来描叙向某个 IP 主机发送包的路由信息。此结构在 IP 路由 cache 内部实用。struct rtable struct rtable*rt_next;_u32 rt_dst;_u32 rt_src;_u32 rt_gateway;atomic_t rt_refcnt;atomic_t rt_use;unsigned long rt_window;atomic_t rt_lastuse;struct hh_cache*rt_hh;struct device*rt_dev;unsigned short rt_flag

39、s;unsigned short rt_mtu;unsigned short rt_irtt;unsigned char rt_tos;semaphore 保护临界区数据结构和代码信号灯。struct semaphore int count;int waking;int lock;/*to make waking testing atomic*/struct wait_queue*wait;sk_buff 用来描叙在协议层之间交换的网络数据。struct sk_buff struct sk_buff*next;/*Next buffer in list */struct sk_buff*pre

40、v;/*Previous buffer in list */struct sk_buff_head*list;/*List we are on */int magic_debug_cookie;struct sk_buff*link3;/*Link for IP protocol level buffer chai ns*struct sock*sk;/*Socket we are owned by */unsigned long when;/*used to compute rtts */struct timeval stamp;/*Time we arrived */struct devi

41、ce*dev;/*Device we arrived on/are leaving by */union struct tcphdr*th;struct ethhdr*eth;struct iphdr*iph;struct udphdr*uh;unsigned char*raw;/*for passing file handles in a unix domain socket*/void*filp;h;union /*As yet incomplete physical layer views*/unsigned char*raw;struct ethhdr*ethernet;mac;str

42、uct iphdr*ip_hdr;/*For IPPROTO_RAW */unsigned long len;/*Length of actual data */unsigned long csum;/*Checksum */_u32 saddr;/*IP source address */_u32 daddr;/*IP target address */_u32 raddr;/*IP next hop address */_u32 seq;/*TCP sequence number */_u32 end_seq;/*seq+fin+syn+datalen */_u32 ack_seq;/*T

43、CP ack sequence number */unsigned char proto_priv16;volatile char acked,/*Are we acked?*/used,/*Are we in use?*/free,/*How to free this buffer */arp;/*Has IP/ARP resolution finished */unsigned char tries,/*Times tried */lock,/*Are we locked?*/localroute,/*Local routing asserted for this frame */pkt_

44、type,/*Packet class */pkt_bridged,/*Tracker for bridging */ip_summed;/*Driver fed us an IP checksum */#define PACKET_HOST 0/*To us */#define PACKET_BROADCAST 1/*To all */#define PACKET_MULTICAST 2/*To group */#define PACKET_OTHERHOST 3/*To someone else */unsigned short users;/*User count-see datagra

45、m.c,tcp.c */unsigned short protocol;/*Packet protocol from driver.*/unsigned int truesize;/*Buffer size */atomic_t count;/*reference count */struct sk_buff*data_skb;/*Link to the actual data skb */unsigned char*head;/*Head of buffer */unsigned char*data;/*Data head pointer */unsigned char*tail;/*Tai

46、l pointer */unsigned char*end;/*End pointer */void(*destructor)(struct sk_buff*);/*Destruct function */_u16 redirport;/*Redirect port */;sock 包含 BSD 套接口的协议相关信息。例如对于一个 INET（Internet AddressDomain）套接口 此数据结构 包含 TCP/IP 和 UDP/IP 信息。struct sock /*This must be first.*/struct sock*sklist_next;struct sock*sk

47、list_prev;struct options*opt;atomic_t wmem_alloc;atomic_t rmem_alloc;unsigned long allocation;/*Allocation mode*/_u32 write_seq;_u32 sent_seq;_u32 acked_seq;_u32 copied_seq;_u32 rcv_ack_seq;unsigned short rcv_ack_cnt;/*count of same ack*/_u32 window_seq;_u32 fin_seq;_u32 urg_seq;_u32 urg_data;_u32 syn_seq;int users;/*user count*/*Not all are volatile,but some are,so we *might as well say they all are.*/volatile char dead,urginline,intr,blog,&nbs