高速铁道车辆半主动悬挂系统动力学建模优化与仿真分析.pdf
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1、 博 士 学 位 论 文博 士 学 位 论 文 高速铁道车辆半主动悬挂系统动力学高速铁道车辆半主动悬挂系统动力学 建模优化与仿真分析建模优化与仿真分析 Modeling,Optimal Design and Simulation Analysis of Semi-Active Suspension System for High-Speed Railway Vehicle 作者:廖英英 导师:刘金喜 北京交通大学北京交通大学 2012 年 4 月 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解北京交通大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权北京交通大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据
2、库进行检索,提供阅览服务,并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明)学位论文作者签名:导师签名:签字日期:年 月 日 签字日期:年 月 日 i 中图分类号:130.202;130.205 学校代码:10004 UDC:629.4 密级:公开 北京交通大学 博 士 学 位 论 文 高速铁道车辆半主动悬挂系统动力学建模优化与仿真分析 Modeling,Optimal Design and Simulation Analysis of Semi-Active Suspension System
3、 for High-Speed Railway Vehicle 作者姓名:廖英英 学 号:08115252 导师姓名:刘金喜 职 称:教授 学位类别:工学 学位级别:博士 学科专业:固体力学 研究方向:非线性动力学与控制 北京交通大学 2012 年 4 月 iii 致谢 本论文的工作是在我尊敬的导师刘金喜教授的悉心指导下完成的,从论文的选题、方案的论证到论文的审阅,刘老师都付出了大量的心血。导师严谨的治学态度、深厚的理论基础和科学的工作方法给了我极大的帮助和影响。刘金喜教授无论在生活上还是学习上也都给予了我无微不至的关怀和帮助,我将永远铭记于心,并在此表示深深地感谢!在论文完成过程中,得到了杨
4、绍普教授和汪越胜教授的大量帮助与指导,在此向他们表示诚挚的感谢!感谢陈恩利教授、李浩玉教授、李韶华副教授、潘存治教授和徐步青副教授多年来在学习和生活上对我的关心和帮助!在实验室工作及撰写论文期间,马新娜、赵志宏、赵星、孔艳平,张乐乐等师兄弟们在学习和生活上也都给予了我很多关心和帮助,在此一并表示衷心的感谢!感谢我的父母和家人,多年来他们为我的成长和进步付出了大量的心血和无私的关爱,他们对我学习工作的鼓励和支持是我完成学业的坚实基础。特别感谢我的爱人刘永强先生,多年来在学习工作中的默默支持给我极大的鼓舞,他为我论文的撰写工作提供了许多宝贵的建议,本论文的完成浸透了他的艰辛和奉献。最后,感谢在百忙
5、中抽出时间对本论文进行评阅和评议的各位专家和学者!中文摘要 v 中文摘要 摘要:摘要:随着国内外高速铁路技术的发展,国内旅客列车的运行速度不断提高,既有线提速客车时速已超过 200 km/h,新建高速铁路列车车速已达到 300 km/h 以上。随着列车速度的提高,轮/轨间作用不断加剧,车辆运动稳定性、运行平稳性以及安全性能受到了严重威胁。如何在高速运行环境下有效抑制车体振动,减小蛇行运动幅值,提高乘客的乘坐舒适性能,增加安全裕量是一项重要的研究内容。本文以减小车体横向振动、提高非线性临界速度和增加安全裕量为目的,从高速铁道车辆建模、悬挂系统优化、磁流变阻尼器建模与半主动控制角度,全面分析了基于
6、磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制系统对高速运行状况下的车辆动力学性能的影响情况。主要研究内容如下:(1)为了找到最佳的悬挂匹配关系以同时保证铁道车辆的运动稳定性、运行平稳性和曲线通过性能,首先采用 ADAMS-Matlab 联合设计的方法建立高速铁道车辆悬挂系统参数化模型,然后采用多目标遗传算法对悬挂系统进行优化,采用平均值筛选法和容差设计方法在多组 Pareto 解中找出最优悬挂参数,使优化后的悬挂系统在保证车辆具有良好运行平稳性的同时,显著提高模型的运动稳定性和曲线通过性能。(2)在获得磁流变阻尼器力学试验数据的基础上,采用遗传算法和非线性无约束最优算法成功地对磁流变阻尼器 Bouc-Wen 模型
7、进行了参数识别,并对识别结果进行了泛化性检验。针对力学模型模拟磁流变阻尼器逆向特性困难这一问题,采用 BP 神经网络技术模拟磁流变阻尼器运行状态与所需电流强度之间的非线性映射关系,并采用遗传算法优化了逆向神经网络模型的权值和阈值。最后将磁流变阻尼器正向、逆向模型成功应用于 1/4 车半主动悬挂系统中,取得了很好的控制效果。(3)针对半主动开-关控制易导致高频颤振的缺点,分别建立了天棚阻尼控制、加速度阻尼控制、RS(Rakheja-Sankar)控制和天棚-加速度混合控制的连续型半主动控制策略,并分别采用 1/4 车模型和整车模型对高速运行状况下的几种半主动控制策略进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明:
8、天棚阻尼控制在低频区控制效果好,加速度控制在中、高频区域控制效果好,而天棚阻尼-加速度混合控制兼备天棚阻尼控制和加速度控制的优势。与普通半主动控制相比,连续型控制能将阻尼器状态转换时的大幅“跳动”现象大大减少,使不同状态之间的切换更加平滑,有效缓解高频颤振现象。(4)建立更加接近真实状况的基于磁流变阻尼器的高速铁道车辆半主动悬挂北京交通大学博士学位论文 vi 系统,分析磁流变阻尼器及半主动控制策略对车辆系统的运行平稳性、运动稳定性和曲线通能力的影响。仿真结果显示,连续型天棚加速度混合控制效果最好。(5)通过对不同信号通道内时滞对动力学性能的影响情况进行仿真分析,发现只有速度通道,尤其是构架速度
9、通道内的时滞对动力学性能的影响较大,而其他信号通道内的时滞则影响很小。随着时滞的增大,动力学性能并非单调变化,而是呈波浪形变化且具有一定的规律性。连续型半主动控制作用下的时滞对动力学性能的影响要远小于其他控制策略。图 94 幅,表 20 个,参考文献 210 篇。关键词:关键词:高速铁道车辆;半主动控制;磁流变阻尼器;神经网络模型;时滞 分类号:分类号:130.202;130.205 ABSTRACT vii ABSTRACT ABSTRACT:With the development of high-speed railway technology at home and abroad,th
10、e running speed of passenger train is in constant improvement.The velocity of Speed-raising passenger train of existing lines exceeds 200km/h,and of newly-built high-speed train 300km/h.With the increasing of train speed,the interaction between wheel and track becomes more serious,which threatens th
11、e running stability,riding quality and safety of vehicle.It is an important research subject how to effectively inhibit the vibration of car body,reduce the amplitude of hunting,improve the ride comfort and increase safety allowance under high-speed running environment.The purpose of this research i
12、s to reduce the lateral vibration of car body,to increase nonlinear critical velocity and improve safety allowance.From the perspective of building high-speed railway vehicle model,optimizing suspension system,building MR damper model and semi-active control,this paper analyzes the effects of semi-a
13、ctive control system with MR damper on the dynamic performance of vehicles under high-speed running conditions.The main work is as follows:(1)In order to find the optimal suspension matching and guarantee the running stability,riding quality and curve negotiation ability of railway vehicles,we built
14、 a parametric model of suspension system for high-speed railway vehicle,using ADAMS-Matlab method.We optimized the suspension system by adopting multi-objective genetic algorithm,and found optimal suspension parameters from multi-group Pareto solutions by utilizing average value screening method and
15、 tolerance design method.The optimized suspension system could ensure good running stability of the vehicle and significantly improve the riding quality and curve negotiation ability of model.(2)On the basis of mechanical test data of MR damper,we successfully identified the parameters of Bouc-Wen m
16、odel by using genetic algorithm and pattern search method,and made generalized inspections on the identified results.Since it was difficult for mechanical models to simulate the reverse characteristics of MR damper,the nonlinear mapping relationships between running state of MR damper and correspond
17、ing currents strength were simulated by utilizing BP neural network technology and the weight and threshold value were optimized by using genetic algorithm.At last,the forward and inverse MR damper model were successfully applied 北京交通大学博士学位论文 viii to semi-active suspension system of quarter car and
18、satisfactory control was obtained.(3)To avoid high frequency flutter caused by on/off semi-active control,the continuous semi-active control strategies of sky-hook(SH)damping control,acceleration drive damping(ADD)control,Rakheja-Sankar control and SH-ADD mix control were built respectively,and the
19、simulations of which under high-speed running state were conducted by using quarter and whole vehicle model respectively.Results showed that the effect of sky-hook control was good in low frequency area and the effect of acceleration drive damping control was better in middle and high frequency area
20、,while SH-ADD mixed control have both the advantage of sky-hook damping control and acceleration drive damping control.Compared with ordinary semi-active control,continuous control could significantly reduce the jumps when damper converts states,so the switch between different states was smoother an
21、d the high frequency flutter was reduced effectively.(4)A MR damper-based semi-active suspension system of high-speed railway vehicle was built,which is closer to the actual conditions.The effects of MR damper and semi-active control strategies on the running stability,riding quality and curve negot
22、iation ability of vehicle system were analyzed.The simulation results showed that effects of continuous SH-ADD mixed control were the best.(5)The effects of time delay in different signal channel on dynamic performance were simulated.It can be seen that effects of time delay on the dynamic performan
23、ce was bigger only in velocity channel,especially in frame velocity channel,while in others signal channels the effects were very small.With the increasing of time delay,the dynamic performance presented a regular wavelike change rather than a monotonous change.The effect of time delay on the dynami
24、c performance under continuous semi-active control was far less than the others control strategies.KEYWORDS:High-speed railway vehicle;Semi-active control;Magnetorheological damper;neural network;Time delay CLASSNO:130.202;130.205 目录 ix 目录 中文摘要.v ABSTRACT.vii 1 绪论.1 1.1 课题的背景和意义.1 1.2 国内外研究现状.2 1.2.
25、1 磁流变阻尼器的发展及研究现状.2 1.2.2 高速铁道车辆多体动力学建模与仿真技术.6 1.2.3 多目标优化技术.10 1.2.4 车辆悬挂系统半主动控制技术的研究现状.11 1.2.5 控制系统时滞问题研究现状.13 1.3 本课题的主要研究内容及技术线路.15 2 高速铁道车辆悬挂系统参数化建模与多目标优化.18 2.1 引言.18 2.2 铁道车辆多体动力学模型的建立.18 2.2.1 车辆模型.18 2.2.2 轨道模型.21 2.3 ADAMS/Rail中的轮轨接触关系.23 2.3.1 轮轨接触数学模型.23 2.3.2 线性轮轨接触关系.25 2.3.3 非线性轮轨接触关系
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