第3章UNIX操作系统的常用命令.pdf

《第3章UNIX操作系统的常用命令.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第3章UNIX操作系统的常用命令.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、!#$%&()*!+,-./01234!#$%&()*#5+)*!+,-./01234+,-.6789:5;?!#$%&()*#1234A+,-.12347BCD.EF%GHIJKLMN!#O$%&()*34.EF$PQRST.U$+,-.1234VJWX.EF7YZ)_ A!#1234a#%b/0 1cd.!#A+,-.eCD7B.EF$!)*fghicd78KL6).jk%!#!$%&()*#$%&()*+EFlJ!#1234EF+,-.1234EFmnopqb%2&)%23*%23*0 3mnoprs4 5 6 78 9 4mnopAtu4 5 6 7:%3 7&9;7;(2 7;(2

2、7vwop8(6 58 6xopyhiz:%&2 7 6:2 7 6;?op7 2 9*7=7 32;?2;%2=2 2;%2?op?9 4 4 2%?8 ;(?;A%2=;A%2?2?8%2=8 8?7 3 6;9&9 6 2(6(*mn?50e 9 4 7$4%;7 9 4 7mn?e8 A *A:?op6 2%&43 6 2!x?y?+,-.1234.L)EF2?.?%#$%!,-./01234*+?$+,-.1234U+)*!+,-./01234$34y.5Ua.12%)*12“12$fifl?|.?%#$%$%!#$%&%$5678,-*+!1#()*0?).EFU3434”0V?)

3、.+,-.34.EF%x+,-.1234y$34J?W+,-.34?-#.$?K?$34JL?*B 4 ()&%EF.?!#$!%&#()(*+,-EF 9 3 4*5*U 9 3 4*5*4 7;u34#$?o?!8 3(*7(B 4:%3 7*5*4 7;*9&*B 4()&4 7*5*4 7;$?Uuop34!34%EF.lJ?U?34y.)*?34u?2%?x?EF 9 3 4*5*0$34y?6)*x?2$flB)*?S?$H.?2oprs?%EF?J?)*x()*?=?)%(9:)x?y$V6EFy.?*+,-y.rs$U6?.)U).#%(;!#)!)9 3 4*5*EF$34%

4、!#$%&%()$*+=,#.&/#01 0 2 30/#!4!0 3!4#5 3 (6 7)8 )#09 :0 0#!#0$)*I?34O,7?|?!?34%C#+)*0?).EFx+)*#=$!$%34&5)*&.()5*+$?)*x,?+,-.1234.-.EF#*B 4 ()&%EF.?!#$!(%;#,0 2 7*4/-*4*%?-=-*4*A B C(.-*4)-*(;-y?y.rs!EF./%$0:%3 701)*?29.3456%345678x9:.op:%3 7y%#&!0?)*IxEFy?W)op%$0:;7*01)*?29.3456%56.;7*;/?%;7*;/U)*?

5、AB.rs%$0%+D 1 E F*#,9:34.C?D%29Q!D%)*?)0%1!0%*!0%#EU?34F+)*?GH()*?%$0?5 5AB3CDEF.G6HI78JK,-A5 5 5-%-/3 0=3 0 0#J#)A K0 7($0()(LE&7FF F?G H?G H?$(#F CMN%()(#=2 :(%;#,0 2 70/7 0 2 OI 3 0&,$&(#=(&/3 0=3 0 0#J#)A K0 7($0()(LE&7FF F?G H?G H?$(#F CMN%()(#=(:(%;#,0 2 77 0 2 P P PQ 0 0/7 0 20 33 (R)0;3/(:,&

6、=&,OS 0)0;2&7#0$0 7#7;T J)0 37 K&()$*+=,.%;#,0 2 71 3 0$,D 1&(2&#MU V U N?7 23;7 L?AN%()(#=($0=,0 2 7 D 1&(2&#O.)(#=(3 L$(&3 7 0 2:(#0 1 1 ,W 3 0 7&:0 3#,?.U X N Y 9 Z/N%()(#=(,0 2 7U V U N?7 23;7 L?(U V U N?.U V X Q Y.Y 9Z S YN)1 V N 9 Q 4,#01 3 0$,2 L 3 0 0#1&(2 0 3,/0 3()(#=&7#7&7$K?()$*+=,Y 7#3

7、7&()(#=&7#7&7$=0,N 3=7&#)1 ($0&7(?5 5AB8CDEF.G5 5 5-/3 0=3 0 0#J#)A K0 7($0()(LE&7FF F?G H?G H?$(#F CMN%()(#=2 :(%;#,0 2 7 7B=0/7 0 2 OI 3 0&,$&(#=(&/3 0=3 0 0#J#)A K0 7($0()(LE&7FF F?G H?G H?$(#F CMN%()(#=(:(%;#,0 2 77 0 2 P P PQ 0 0/7 0 20 33 (R)0;3/(:,&=&,OS 0)0;2&7#0$0 7#7;T J)0 37 K&()$*+=,.%;#

8、,0 2 71 3 0$,D 1&(2
U V U N?7 23;7 L?N%()(#=($0=,0 2 7 D 1&(2&#O.)(#=(3 L$(&3 7 0 2:(#0 1 1 ,W 3 0 7&:0 3#,?.U X N Y 9 ZM.#0 1 1$&7,&3(3 L 3 D 1&(2&#MW&7,&3(3 L 3(#0 1 1 ,O/N%()(#=(,0 2 7#.&/#01 0 2 30/#!4!0 3!4#5 3 (6 7)8 )#09 :0 0#!#H$?)*IO,7?|?!34%!$LM78,-*+R?)*(ab.?2Ocdefg120$!ab5)834.*+$?h)*Z

9、ab.?2ij$?)*I)7 H%4O I 4 2 3 J!kl?mH?.%(;!,)!n?)*34$Vo.EF!9*:;$7?0!%0D)*SF?2#Hs?#%!t$R)*de?$GuZ?)fg?|?s?AB)*s?5vw#%7 H%434)?U(?)*34.78x%x+,-.34y$)7 H%4Yr.ayf%z!7 H%4(?=.#!12|y.#V?.$C56.%?!*?-#%7?34.EFflU)I 4 2 3 J!kl?(%#$%$!%()*+,-.1234cd|?!.EF2 7 2(4%?.lJA 9 3 4*5*EFCa$?Ux?34.?=$+,-.1234?|?!?34$EF?J

10、x()*?=?)*?)%(;!-)!)2 7 2(4EF|?!?34!+*+/$()$*+=,.W 1 7.3 L 3N Z9&(BO I 0 0#?0!%)*I?ab.Z?WY 7#3?OABC.EFJ?ABS .fl34B.*B 4 ()&EFy$34cnyr-,-K$EFU?)*)?34C?D2 B&3 7 7 3#.%&%4EF$%&%4%9 3%L 9 4%(&$V?.U*%&9 3 4 7%&%46 2(8 7*$?Uo5?%&%4%&%4EF.?!#$!7#*A F G H B C.(_&:$-EF./?=%$D2 2 2#$7?x?,?)%?)*Z?!O?pij0$C*%&%4

11、D-%$12 2 2#$?!()*#%x#=$34IF?R+;op34$?)*fl?H%$C2 2 2+)*#%U+,-.1234.L)#%$/2 2 2+)*#=M N2=7;(4 7N%3 7#9 2%&?#%$#&*2 2 2()*#%#!$P&Q2 2 2|?h&7 4 8&%&%4 4 9?op%$9&?&82 2 22)U?)%&%4&7 4 8&%&%4 4 9?opy?.9!?!8C?.?B?/%?#?6A?D.34YZC#%&7 4 8&%&%4.-:zR-!1%&%4.Z?2U&7 4 8&%&%4 4 9?opVcd.rs?%34.?EU?%&%4?$V%&%4?L?!3

12、4?%(;!.)!)*?)%&%4EF34!;);$%2(&;7&4 9 4 3(%&4%;7 S0?ij#%6 2(:%3 7op.rs!7USB340EZ?EF12.U?:5“7B)?dZ0)%op$!#34y.34fi?op8(&:%n)*+,-.1234ijy.?op!?$?+,-.1234=.?op%!%&6 2(:%3 7op.rs$=?2(4)*.6 2(:%3 7op%!9=0.$?=+/4;#*()$*+=,?!&J!K3 0 0#O 1 3 0/HO F F H!C!A F!.a Y Q Q b!:7!(%a Z Y b!5 6 N a b!:7?!#$?!;(3!:7?!

13、#$:!:7!(#3=7&#)1 Y L&!#(#4=&7(?&7(4=?&T&7(44(4!Y c 1 0 3#N Y 9 Z5 6 N a.a Y Q Qa Z Y*4c!:-d d=(7!(?34.?op6 2(:%3 7.rs!$*$=+/4;#*()$*+=,?#*!,7#e&J!K&,=?1 3 0/AO A eN 3&1ee AFG;=&(R F F$&(ef e 74(%43(%4R(%43 R(%!&%;(%0 7 D 0/#%,&)D /#%/(0;#%3*e g fa .a Q X U V eP be g N 9 Y e-d d*4(!#$!=0#,-d dh!#3&1?

14、AFG!$%0ee!(R 1&7!$&#!#$!=#,!#3&1ee AFGi!(#,/&;# :;#(/0 3#3=7&=0 L ,#0!O 1 3 0/D!&$%;(3%&(7,L ,;&$0 7#3 0 0 L 3#%($%&3&$#3 (#$(!/7 0#,0&%;(%0 7 D$%$R=&:0 c&7,7 2(:;#U/*e g a .a Q X U V eP be g N 9 Y e-#%7!*4c!;(3!:7!=&-d dh!3&=(7(#&,!*4(efZ 6 U Q e-d d$%0e&7)0;%&L=&ei/*efQ X V 6 Z Y eP be 3 0 0#e4

15、&4c!;(3!:7!7 2(-!:(;3#!(#%3#%77 2(47/Vmn.B;9*AD C C#%?L$op.rs!:?)*29.op?$?)EFYr.#mn?565fg56.$mn56-.%:?A7Bij?%=?34y?)*.6 2(:%3 7oprs!$-%+:.:$?=+/4;#*()$*+=,?!&J!K1 3 0/HO F F H!C!A F!O 1 3 0/7I 0;3 7(%!#+!5 6 N a bf5 6 N a?fa Z Y!:7?O!(#$0=&7,(&3$%1&#%Z 6 U Q b!;(3!(1 0 0 !=&7&=!=&:0 c 0$� 7 c 1 0

16、3#5 6 N aZ 6 U Q!;(,/&;#()(#=/$3� 7=&(R L&!#(#4=&7(?&7(4=?&T fh N Y 9 Z?4&7(i434(4!;(3!:7!1 3 2&3 7!(;&2&3 7 /1&(2 0 3,;#0 c 1?.?8opI&S 6 2(:%3 7opU?)*ij.?op.opT(B 2&7*7 3 3U?6x)*S?eh?!.?op.op&B*2&H H 4&S 6 2(:%3 7flU34?)*x?=.?op$)*I?opy.nB?$?”78?:D)*29.?$?)*Zhi.5fg?P%#$#!NOPQRSO7*+?)*5?)*x?L?2yV)

17、.EF%rs?EF.)!lJP%#$#$%!,-!./012%&x+,-.34y$cdmn34R,.?50e.EF 9 4 7%EF.lJUmn34R,?!0e$?I)EF?34.?!0e%9 4 7EF-.?omn?5$WU?$0eUC O0?mn%34I)EF)$?50e.|?%!.$*A A.!A A B&C()$*+=,(9:)M.;bn$bnn?$bn0C O0?#$M?.5 5Ubn IL#%(;!/)!)EF 9 4 7mn34R,.?50e%!9.$*AB 9 4 7EF$#I?R34R,.?50e%9 4 7EF?I?)*V?.mn?50e%(;!0)!EF 9 4 7I)*

18、?.mn?50e%!9.$*DETUNVWFGHXGAYG.N!GI F GJ F GK!TXZGLUD()$*+=,.?UC D D FD 1D E?1 C1 E/O!E?L)$?%?Vmn./F ES?E%9 4 7EF.#,!y$78_!J?$UV bn$UW bn?bn/O#%)*?I)9 4 7t.mn?0e%b/0 C?xEF 9 4 7y$L).a:?.?I.2)%!+!1 2 3 4*+RO7_IaQ7!Imn.rs;mny.D 121 C#mny.?D 12/1#!mn&?&?$?!;&5 5Xmn0D D2C/0#Wmn/OD D2E Y/#mn?OD D2E Y?#Kmn

19、0&/&?0e$?!XXWW#mn.?o FZ 9&H!7 8#mn7y FD D 1H/F E#)mn?D2F$?!D#9mn?.?o#B&2#9 4#$#$!34567!89%&+,-.1234y$hSs?34.)*EF!)($EFqR,Ss?34.)*%?EFI?)*U?0?fgB34.%(;!5)!h34?.)*%!90!/#)GE&7B l?F&=c,c#)HE&7B l?F B&=R E c#)BE&7B l?F A&=)*?I)EFhab.fg?%(;!#6)!bn6)*abS5?)fg.56%!90!/A;#?j&$flmn.+?%?.j&DU?J?D D D 12Y Y Y

20、Y.flUD 121 C%?)*Z?+.?$flABV.&?C D D/#?I%)*I?6EF?34?!?Hrx?)*.C0e.EF%?$EFB 6 4%;7?I?)*RHKL6).56%!9-=$;A*()$*+=,A A?A G?G H;1G B=?O G HD O B CD O m l)*?I)EF)()9 4#q?fg.?0e-!M#!fg?)I R+.0eZ I R+!fgxC.,?V?)I R+.0eR I R+?fg)*x?$XK%!90()$*+=,A A?A H?F G;1G B=?O G HD O B CD O m l.Y 9!N N n!o 9 Z!Q X U V&!U

21、S Q Y!k W 5 !5 W 5 !a 6 N3 0 0#!#)A!4!E&7B l?F G&=!?(!O G B(!O F(!2/)$#)F4E&7B l?A B&=A?G H(O B(O F(/#12&7#)G4E&7B l?F&=F G?G G(O l(O G H(L c,c#)H4E&7B l?F B&=F?F A(G G?F G(F?F F(c,c#R E c#)B4E&7B l?F A&=A?H B(G H?F G(G H?F F(R E c#$#$*!?./(&x+,-.34y$!)*cd78KL?#.?EF;9&%;9&$;9&B 9 3$?o?!%*6 3 9 52 7:

22、7 2 7&8 7;9&B 9 36 9 7*mnjk?$EF$X 7 3 6?#%lJU?)*Vcd.EF!?&$mnC.lJ!)?op.ors%EF.?!=&7*4&4/-*4:$2-*4,3-*4#1 3 0$-*4N#3=-*($#0 7-#$()$*+=,$&#J$K%$&#!4 4$0 7$&#&7,(1&)/(.)7#cb b b b b b$&#!*4;-*4(-*4L-*4#-*4-*/M-!S ($3 1#0 7b b b b b b$&,(&$%/7(_;7$&7,2 3#(#0 7#%(#&7,&3,0;#1;#O /7 0 7 1;#/L 7 D 0 3/

23、&(,&(%J4K L 7 D$&,(/3 0=#%(#&7,&3,7 1;#O#%0 1#0 7(&3?!4(!.;1 1 3 (2&3 7 (&:0;#7 0 7 c (#7#/(O!4;!W&;(#%0;#1;#0:;7:;/3 ,O!4L!W&;(7 0 741 3 7#$%&3&$#3(J 2#%#%c$1#0 70/#&:(D 7 2 7 (D&7,/0 3=/,(K#0:,(1&)O W 0 7#3 0$%&3&$#3(&3,(1&),&(p gJ$#3 c KD 2%3 g(#%R )1 3 (,2#%#%$#3 R )J/0 3 c&=1 D$#3 =(,(1 ,&(p

24、 Z KO#%S$%&3&$#3(J 0$#&A m m K(1 3 7#,&(p T O V 0 746.W U U$%&3&$#3(J 2#%#%:#(#K&3 1 3 7#,&(Z4 cD 2%3 c(#%$%&3&$#3(1$/,:)#%(L 7 0 20 3,3:#(O!4#!W&;(#&:(#0:1 3 7#,&(p U&7,/0 3=/,(&(p Q O N%(0 1#7(7 0 3 ,/#%4L0 1#0 7(7 0#(1$/,O!4!W&;(!&efe$%&3&$#3#0:1 3 7#,&#%7,0/&$%7 J 1 3 0 3#0#%7 24 7 KO N%(0 1#0 7

25、(7 0 3 ,/#%4L0 1#0 7(7 0#(#O!Y c#L&;(!b b b b b b b b b b b b!$#;3 7(#%/0 2 L&;(?!&7 1;#/(2 3 0;#1;#(;$(/;)!&7 3 3 0 30$;3 3 ,!Y c&=1 (!b b b b b b b b b b b b b!N%/0 0 2 c&=1 ,(1&)(/0 7#%(#&7,&3,0;#1;#?!W&#/!N%/0 0 2 c&=1$0 7$&#(/A&7,/F&7,1&$(#%3 (;#7/G?$&#/A/F/G!N%/0 0 2 c&=1$0 7$&#(/A&7,

26、&1 1 7,(#0/?!$&#/A/F!&3 7!b b b b b b b b b b!W 0=&7,7 (;$%&(?!$&#/A/F/A!N%(2$&;(#%0 3 7&,&#&7/A#0:0(#j#%3 /0 3 D)0;=;(#:$&3 /;2%7;(1$&(%$%&3&$#3(O!.&(0!b b b b b b b b b b b b!$1J$KD 1 3 J$K!.#&7,&3,($0 7/0 3=&7$!$&#($0 7/0 3=&7#2#%?!U.!U Y WS U.H B4F?A FD U 7/0 3=&#)4 1 0 3#&:1 3� 7.)(#=U 7#3/&$