认知语言学点滴.ppt
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1、认知语言学点滴2006级英语本科一班 路丹 秦文文 李倩(518)王成 李凤建 李立 赵向霞 崔皓月cognitionDefinitionnCognition is the scientific term for the process of thought.Its usage varies in different ways in accord with different disciplines:n For example,in psychology and cognitive science it refers to an information processing view of a
2、n individuals psychological functions.n nOther interpretations of the meaning of cognition link it to the development of conceptsnCognition can also be interpreted as understanding and trying to make sense of the worldCognitive linguisticsnIn linguistics and cognitive science,cognitive linguisticsco
3、gnitive linguistics(CL)refers to the school of linguistics that understands language creation,learning,and usage as best explained by reference to human cognition in general.nIt is characterized by adherence to three central positions.n First,it denies that there is an autonomous linguistic faculty
4、in the mind;nsecond,it understands grammar in terms of conceptualization;n and third,it claims that knowledge of language arises out of language use.nCognitive linguists deny that the Cognitive linguists deny that the mindmind has any has any module for language-acquisition that is unique module for
5、 language-acquisition that is unique and autonomous.This stands in contrast to the and autonomous.This stands in contrast to the work done in the field of work done in the field of generative grammargenerative grammar.Although cognitive linguists do not necessarily Although cognitive linguists do no
6、t necessarily deny that part of the human linguistic ability is deny that part of the human linguistic ability is innate,they deny that it is separate from the rest innate,they deny that it is separate from the rest of cognition.Thus,they argue that knowledge of of cognition.Thus,they argue that kno
7、wledge of linguistic phenomena i.e.,phonemes,linguistic phenomena i.e.,phonemes,morphemes,and syntax is essentially morphemes,and syntax is essentially conceptualconceptual in nature.in nature.nMoreover,they argue that the storage and Moreover,they argue that the storage and retrieval of linguistic
8、data is not retrieval of linguistic data is not significantly different from the storage and significantly different from the storage and retrieval of other knowledge,and use of retrieval of other knowledge,and use of language in understanding employs similar language in understanding employs simila
9、r cognitive abilities as used in other non-cognitive abilities as used in other non-linguistic tasks.linguistic tasks.nDeparting from the tradition of Departing from the tradition of truth-truth-conditional semanticsconditional semantics,cognitive linguists,cognitive linguists view meaning in terms
10、of view meaning in terms of conceptualization.Instead of viewing conceptualization.Instead of viewing meaning in terms of models of the world,meaning in terms of models of the world,they view it in terms of mental spaces.they view it in terms of mental spaces.ncognitive linguistics argues that langu
11、age is both embodied and situated in a specific environment.This can be considered a moderate offshoot of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,in that language and cognition mutually influence one another,and are both embedded in the experiences and environments of its users.nCognitive linguistics is divided
12、into three main areas of study:nCognitive semantics,dealing mainly with lexical semantics nCognitive approaches to grammar,dealing mainly with syntax,morphology and other traditionally more grammar-oriented areas.nCognitive phonology.n年在德国召开的首届国际国际认知语言大会n年认知语言学学刊的出版认知语言学的诞生认知语言学的心理学基础 认知语言学的心理学基础有:经
13、验主义联想心理学,完形心理学,认知心理学。了解认知语言学的心理学渊源有助干更好地理解认知语言学的理论和原则。经验联想主义心理学对认知语言学的贡献n经验联想主义心理学源于17世纪英国的霍布斯、罗克等人,于18世纪在休漠等人的补充完善后,进入其繁盛期。n经验联想主义心理学强调知识来源的两个重要途径,n一是经验,二是联想。n他们反对笛卡儿的犬赋论,重视感觉经验,认为一切知识应由感觉开始,一切知识皆来自经验。n经验可分为两类:一种是外部感觉或外部经验,这类经验的来源是外界事物作用感官产生的感觉,如色、香、味、形状。另一类是内部感觉,它的来源是心理活动本身,如感觉、记忆、思维等。n经验联想主义心理学者认
14、为每回感觉过程发生之后,都留下残余的运动,这个残余运动就是想象(imagination)或联想。n他们还区分了两类联想:一种是无指导的,无计划的,非恒久的自由联想;另一类是有欲望或计划节制的控制联想。n休漠还对联想作了进一步观察,认为联想有两种含义:n一是由若干简单观念联合成复杂观念。例如:桔子由颜色(红)、气味(香)、形状(网)等简单观念联合而成;n二是由各个观念之间的吸力引起的动作联合。联想就是靠这种吸力,正是由于各类观念之间有这种吸力才能联合成复杂观念 n受其经验观和联想观的影响,认知语言学认为语言是人们通过感觉器官在对世界体验的基础上经过认知加工逐步形成的。n并且认为认知过程始于互动性
15、的感知体验(如感知环境、移动身体、发出动力)等,逐步形成意象图式(Image schema)。n认知语言学最重要的两大原则:心智的体验性和思维的隐n喻性也源于经验联想主义心理学。n心智的体验性认为:我们的范畴、概念、推理都是基于实践性的体验,它们是身体与客观外界互动瓶产生的,并不是外部现实客观的,镜像的反映。n在感觉经验的基础上,首先认识他能够感知的直观的n具体事物,然后通过联想,遵循联想的原则把已知事n物与一些相关的新认识的抽象概念相联系,进而找到n它们的相关点,这样就产生了两个认知域之间的投n射,亦即我们通过某一领域的经验来理解另一领域的n经验。由此认知语言学认为思维具有隐喻性。隐喻性n思
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- 认知 语言学 点滴
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