非谓语动词 --动词ing 形式.ppt

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1、小小 结结非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，已经存在一个当中，已经存在一个主句主句（谓语（谓语动动词）词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词还有别的动词出现时出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。他过马路的时候被一辆自行车撞到了。他过马路的时候被一辆自行车撞到了。他过马路的时候被一辆自行车撞到了。他过马路的时候被一辆自行车撞到了。(knock downknock down)When he was crossing the roadWhen he was crossing the road,he was knocked,he w

2、as knocked down by a bike.down by a bike.Crossing the roadCrossing the road,he was knocked down by a bike.,he was knocked down by a bike.主动主动被动被动一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving been donev.-ing v.-ing 形式的时态和语态形式的时态和语态否定形式否定形式 not doing not doing第3页 动名词做主语动名词做主语1.动词动词ing形式形式做主语做主语,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单

3、数。Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Talkingiseasierthandoing.说比做容易。说比做容易。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.第4页 2.it做形式主语做形式主语，而动名词或动名词短语，而动名词或动名词短语是真正是真正主语后置主语后置，名词或形容词在句中做表语。名词或形容词在句中做表语。常常见的做表的做表语的有：的有：no use,no good,fun,a waste of time,worthw

4、hile 等等。e.g.Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?It was no use sending him to a hospital.送他到医院没有用。送他到医院没有用。Its a waste of time arguing with him about it.和他争和他争论这论这件事是浪件事是浪费时间费时间。第5页 3.句型句型“There be no动词动词-ing形式形式”中做主语。中做主语。Thereisnoknowingwhenthismighthappenagain.没法预料这样的事情什么时候没法预料这样的事情什么时候会再发生。会再发生

5、。Thereisntanytellingaboutwhattheywilldo.他们打算干什么无人知晓。他们打算干什么无人知晓。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.这种事开不得玩笑这种事开不得玩笑.注意：注意：Thereis/wasnouse/gooddoing.做做.无用无用/没有好处没有好处Thereis/wasnopointdoing.做做.没有意义没有意义Thereisnoneedtodo.做做.没有必要没有必要第6页 动名词做宾语动名词做宾语1.只能接只能接动名词动名词做宾语的做宾语的动词动词常见的有：常见的有：suggest，finish，avoid，es

6、cape,canthelp(禁禁不住不住)，mind(介意介意)，enjoy，consider，insist,allow,risk,practise，miss，excuse，advise，keep，giveup等等。第8页 YoucanthelpwonderinghowtheEgyptianwereabletobuildpyramids.你禁不住想知道埃及人怎么能建造这些金字塔。你禁不住想知道埃及人怎么能建造这些金字塔。TheboypractisedspeakingEnglisheveryday.这个男孩每天练习说英语。这个男孩每天练习说英语。Isuggestgoingforawalk.我建议

7、去散步。我建议去散步。第9页 2.动名词做动名词做介词介词的宾语的宾语常用的这类介词短语有：常用的这类介词短语有：insteadof，lookforwardto，objectto，thinkof，dreamof，hearof，feellike，succeedin，begoodat，spend.in.，devote.to.,payattentionto,insiston,stickto,beusedto,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing,bebusy(in)doing，等。，等。e.g.WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着

8、来中国。我们期待着来中国。第10页 3.want，need和和require这三个词后接动名词这三个词后接动名词的主动形式，具有被动含义。的主动形式，具有被动含义。Hisclothesneededmending(tobemended)他的衣服需要缝补。他的衣服需要缝补。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingafter.这些幼苗需要细心照料。这些幼苗需要细心照料。第11页 4.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词词A在在like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start等动等动词之后，用词之后，用ing或不定式意义上或

9、不定式意义上没有什么不同没有什么不同，只，只是侧重点有些不同是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。式表示具体的一次性动作。e.g.Wehateworkingwithpersonsofthiskind.我们不喜欢和这种人共事。我们不喜欢和这种人共事。Wehatetoworkwiththatperson.我们不喜欢和那个人共事。我们不喜欢和那个人共事。第12页 B.有些有些动词动词如如remember,forget,regret,try，stop,goon,mean,等后既可接等后既可接动词动词不定式又不定式又可接可接动动名名词词，但但意意义

10、义不同不同。remember/forget/regret+todo表表该动该动作未曾作未曾发发生生remember/forget/regret+doing表表该动该动作已作已发发生生stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing停止做同一件事停止做同一件事go on to do 继续做另一件事继续做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事继续做同一件事mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事mean doing意味着意味着try to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 试一试试一试cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事

11、cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事 be used to doing 习惯习惯于做某事于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事used to do 过过去常常做某事去常常做某事拓展拓展1.动词动词-ing形式的复合结构形式的复合结构：在其前加上：在其前加上逻辑逻辑主语主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语是来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语是形容形容词性物主代词或名词所有格词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用现在句首时，可用人称代词宾格或名词普通格人称代词宾格或名词普通格。Doyoumindmyopeningthewin

12、dow?Ireallycantunderstandyoutreatigherlikethat.Mycominglatemademyteacherangry.2.动词动词ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加形式的否定形式是在其前面加not Notcleaningherteechmadeherbreathsmellbad.Yourschoolmatesnotcominghomeontimemadeherparentsworried.Johnapologizedforhisnotbeingabletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.v.-ing形式作定语形式作定语v.-ing形

13、式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语v.-ing形式作形式作表语表语Revisioning形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。2.Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。3.Walkingismysoleexercise.散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。4.Talkingmendsnoholes.（谚）空谈无济于事。（谚）空谈无济于事。5.Isuggestbringin

14、gthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。6.Headmittedtakingthemoney.他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。7.Icouldnthelplaughing.我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。8.Yourcoatneedsbrushing.你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。一、一、ing形式作定语形式作定语1.单个动词的单个动词的ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：。如：drin

15、kingwater=waterfordrinkingawalkingstick=astickforwalkingareadingroom=aroomforreading表作用或功能表作用或功能boilingwater=waterthatisboilingadevelopingcountry=acountrythatisdevelopingasurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果表正在进行的动作或状态表正在进行的动作或状态2.ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的放在所修饰的名词之后名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一

16、个定并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。语从句。Theylivedinaroomfacing the street.=Theylivedinaroomthat faces the street.Theman standing there isPetersfather.=Theman who is standing there isPetersfather.3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态的被动语态。例如：。例如：The meeting being held is ve

17、ry important.正召开的会议很重要。正召开的会议很重要。The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。二、二、ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语1.1)动词动词ing形式作宾语补足语常放形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，强调在宾语后面，强调动作的动作的主动，正在主动，正在进行进行或或表示表示一种状态一种状态。如：。如：Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastr

18、angerstandingattheentrance.当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生发现一个陌生人站在大门口。人站在大门口。Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。2）当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语原来作宾语补足语的动词补足语的动词ing形式便转换为形式便转换为

19、主语补足语主语补足语。如：如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.这个结果很令人满意。这个结果很令人满意。Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。Wemustntkeepthemwaiting.=Theymustntbekeptwaiting.千万不能让他们等。千万不能让他们等。2.能用能用ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉

20、和心理状态的动词，常见的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,watch,lookat,listento等。如：等。如：e.g.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting meontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Listentothebirdssinging.Iwonthaveyoudoing that.Thissetmethinking.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Icantgetth

21、eclockgoingagain.Youwontcatchmedoingthatagain.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。等。如：如：3.介词介词with后也可接动词后也可接动词ing形式作宾补形式作宾补，此时此时with后的宾语是动词后的宾语是动词ing形式动作的形式动作的发出者。发出者。Withtheboyleadingtheroad,wecouldgettheplaceeasily.4.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用等动词

22、之后用ing形形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:三、三、ing形式作表语形式作

23、表语1.ing形式作表语时，放在系动词形式作表语时，放在系动词be,become,get(变得变得),look(看起来看起来),seem,appear(似乎似乎),sound(听起来听起来),feel(摸起来摸起来),keep等之后。等之后。e.g.Herhobbyispainting.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Itsoundsinteresting.Thebookseemsboring.2.动词动词ing形式做主语和表语应遵循对形式做主语和表语应遵循对称原则，即主语用动词称原则，即主语用动词ing形式时，表形式时，表语也用动词语也用动词ing形式形式。Se

24、eingisbelieving.眼见为实。眼见为实。ExercisesPointouttheusageoftheingform.1.Doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfallingdownaholeintheroad?sliding,bumping,falling作宾语补足语作宾语补足语2.Hebecamefamousforusingaparticularformofacting,includingmimeandfarce.using作介词作介词for的宾语

25、的宾语including作状语作状语3.Buthewaslivedbyallwhowatchedthefilmsforhisdeterminationinovercomingdifficultiesandbeingkindevenwhenpeoplewereunkindtohim.overcoming作介词宾语作介词宾语4.ThatwastheproblemfacingCharlieChaplininoneofhismostfamousfilms.facing作定语作定语5.Heloveditbyusingnonverbalhumor.using作介词宾语作介词宾语6.Theirjobis“p

26、anningforgold”.panning作表语作表语7.Finallyhetriescuttingandeatingthebottomoftheshoe.cutting,eating作宾语作宾语 Not that Charlies own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he coul

27、d speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time,especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died,leaving the family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By hi

28、s teens,Charlie had,through his humour,become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.Pleasereadthesentencescarefully,tryingtopickouttheerrorsandthen

29、correctthem.1.IamlookingforwardtovisitCharlieChaplinMuseuminSwitzerlandnextweek.visiting2.ManypeoplestillenjoyseeingCharlieChaplinssilentfilms.4.Charliesnonverbalhumoroftenmakespeopleburstingwithlaughter.burst 5.WeareallfondofCharliesearlyfilms,whichwethinkaremoreinterested.6.Imissedtoseethebeginnin

30、gofthefilmCity Lightstheotherday.7.IwouldntmindtoseeThe Gold Rushagainwithyoutonight.interestingseeingseeing8.Charliesjobwasentertainpeople,wasnthe?entertaining从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.TellMarythat

31、theressomeone_forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait3.The_waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile4.Aphonecallsenthim_tothehospital.A.hurryB.hurryingC.tohurryD.hurried5.Doyouknowtheboy_underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acros

32、stheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flyi

33、ng;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep9.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_butthedoor_.A.beingon;shutB.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shutting10.Asisknowntousall,travelingis_,butweoftenfeel_whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interest

34、ed;tired11.Thewomanfounditnogood_herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave12.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain13.Johnsbadhabitis_withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.readingUnit42.动词动词-ing形式的作用：形式的作用：观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。观察下列例句

35、，思考划线部分作用。(1)This is an interesting book.()(2)The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.()(3)Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.()(4)I saw the boy walking on the stree yesterday.()(5)Playing football is his favotire sport.()(6)I didnt stop working last night.()(7)My

36、work is teaching English.()定语定语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是_中的一种，中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的任之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示_（主动（主动/被动的被动的动作。在时间上，动词动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示一般表示_（正在进行（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。已经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在

37、进行正在进行动词动词-ing在语法功能上相当于在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词动词、形容词和副词和副词。现在分词现在分词通常和通常和逻辑主语逻辑主语之间存在之间存在主动关系主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：。但要注意它地各种形式变化：主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone动词动词-ing做状语做状语一般式一般式完成式完成式否定式否定式 notdoing现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来

38、表示原原因因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。等。现在分词现在分词一般不用作表目的状语一般不用作表目的状语（通常用不（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。定式表目的地状语）。WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.=Waitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1）表时间

39、状语表时间状语2)表原因状语表原因状语Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschool.=Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.=Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的主语的一个一个动作动作

40、，或是，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生同时发生，或是，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步的补充说明作进一步的补充说明。Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.=Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。Hestood_thewall.(Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughing and talkingleaning ag

41、ainst4)表结果表结果(顺其自然的结果）顺其自然的结果）Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。欢迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表条件表条件Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Usingyourhea

42、d,youwillfindaway.一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。_,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walking ahead观察下列观察下列2个句子个句子,体会体会having done与与doing的不同的用法的不同的用法(1)Having written the letter,John went to the post office.(2)Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.总结总结:V-ingdoinghaving done 表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动

43、作表动作同时发生同时发生一般式一般式完成式完成式Exercise1:1)._ the child to bed,she began to correct the students homework.A.Sending B.Being sent C.Sent D.Having sent2).Be careful when/while _(cross)the street.3)._ (听到这个消息听到这个消息),we got excited.crossingHearing the newsExercise2:1).她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。_,2).正

44、在进行的那个会议非常重要。正在进行的那个会议非常重要。_for three times she feels frightened when seeing the snake.Having been bitten by the snakeThe meeting being held now is of great importance.举一反三举一反三:V-ingdoinghaving done一般式一般式完成式完成式being donehaving been done主动主动被动被动1)_him the answer several timeS,I didt know whether he c

45、ould understand.2)_the answer several times,he still couldnt sovle the question.Having toldHaving been toldExercise3:用用having been told having told填空：填空：having donehaving been done归纳归纳主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的发出者发出者。主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的承受者承受者。总结：总结：doing (正在发生的主动的动作正在发生的主动的动作）being done(正在发生的被动的动作正在发生的被动的动作）havi

46、ng done(已经发生的主动的动作已经发生的主动的动作）having been done(已经发生的被动的动作已经发生的被动的动作）前后主语是否一致是解题的关键：前后主语是否一致是解题的关键：When we stand on the hill,we can see our school.(When)Standing on the hill,we can see.ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。句的主语是一致的。根据根据A句完成句完成B句句,使两句意思不变。使两句意思不变。1.A:Havingdonetheirhomework,thec

47、hildrenplayedfootball.B:_,thechildrenplayedfootball.2.A:Ifyouworkhard,youwilldowellintheexam.B:_,youwilldowellintheexam.AftertheyhaddonetheirhomeworkWorkinghard 3.A:Shesatthereandstaredatthetree.B:Shesatthere,_.4.A:Althoughheisnotrich,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.B:_,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.staringat

48、thetreeNotbeingrich Choosethebestanswer.1.Theysetout_forthe_boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing2.Thestudentsatthere,_whattodo.A.doesntknowingB.didntknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD3.Hesatthere_,withhisheadonhishand.A.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought4.The_Pri

49、meMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBC5.Thestrangersaidsomethingin_voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch_A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedA6

50、._thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.ExaminingB7.Mothercaughttheboy_inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smokingD9._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedC10.“Wecantgoou