英国历史与文化 英文版PPT.ppt

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1、An Introduction to An Introduction to British History and CultureBritish History and CultureTo give you an overview of English history and cultureTo enhance English learning through English history and cultureTo provide cultural and historical context for understanding English literatureThe Aim of t

2、he CourseThe Aim of the CourseEnglish HistoryEnglish HistoryPrehistoric England Roman Britain(43-410)The Anglo-Saxons and Vikings(450-1066)Normans and Plantagenets(1066-1272)Lancaster and York(1272-1485)The Tudors(1485-1603)The Stuarts(1603-1714)Order and Disorder(1714-1837)Victoria and Empire(1837-

3、1910)Peace and War(1910-1945)Contemporary Britain(1945-)British CultureReligion in Britain Traits of British PeopleFamily and Personal RelationshipsSocial WelfareLeisure and EntertainmentCities and Places of Interest Course EvaluationCourse Evaluation20%presentation (group work)20%essay(independent

4、work)60%final exam Course email box: Secret Code:bhac0909Chapter 1 Early England 1.Geography2.Old Stone Age(Paleolithic),70,0008000 BC3.Middle Stone Age(Mesolithic),83003500 BC 4.New Stone Age(Neolithic),35002500 BC 5.Bronze Age,2500700 BC6.Iron Age,700100 BC7.The Dawning of English History 150 BC50

5、Great Britain England,Scotland,Wales,Northern Ireland The Union of England and Walesformalised by two Acts of Parliament in 1536 and 1543 The Union of England and Scotland 1707,political unification,Queen Anne 1.1 Geography Britain,Great Britain,United KindomOfficial titleUnited Kingdom of Great Bri

6、tain and Northern Ireland Geographical term British Isles including Great Britain,the whole of Ireland,all the offshore islands,most notably the Isle of Man,which has its own parliament and law 1.1 Geography:Some Terminology isolated from Europe by the English Channel and the North Seaonce perceived

7、 as being on the edge of the worldThe seas around Britain also acted as barriers against attempted invasions:The Armada,1588;the French,1805,Nazi Germany,1940 1.1 Geography:Geography and HistoryGenerally mild and temperate weatherallows farming to flourish across the country North:less fertile land,

8、wetterSouth:fertile land,drier 1.1 Geography:WeatherHunters and gatherers Old Stone Age(Paleolithic),70,0008000 BCMiddle Stone Age(Mesolithic),83003500 BC New Stone Age(Neolithic),35002500 BC1.2 Early Settlers New Stone Age(Neolithic),35002500 BCMegalithic monuments Stonehenge 史前巨石阵史前巨石阵a monumental

9、 circular setting of large standing stones surrounded by an earthworkin South England,in Wiltshire on Salisbury Plain probably was constructed as a place of worship of some kindnortheast axis aligned with the sunrise at the summer solstice(夏至)1.2 Early Settlers StonehengeIn Search of History 00:20 0

10、1:38The Beaker Folk(Bronze Age,2500700 BC)The Celts(Iron Age,700100 BC)from north-western Europe,ancestors of the highland Scots,the Irish and WelshGaelic 盖尔语盖尔语:language of Celtic origin1.2 Early Settlers Chapter 2Chapter 2 Roman Britain Roman BritainRoman InvasionRoman Invasion (55BC-410AD)(55BC-4

11、10AD)British recorded history begins with Roman invasion.first landing in 55 B.C.led by Julius Caesarcomplete control over the land in 43 A.D.leaving in around 410 A.D.What is the meaning of B.C.and A.D.?What is the meaning of B.C.and A.D.?BC stands for before Christ AD stands for the Latin phrase“a

12、nno domini”means in the year of our Lord The purpose of the BC/AD dating system to make the birth of Jesus Christ the dividing point of world historyGaius Julius Caesar (July 13,100 BC March 15,44 BC)a Roman military and political leaderplayed a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Repub

13、lic into the Roman EmpireRoman InvasionRoman Invasion (55 BC-410 AD)(55 BC-410 AD)1.First landing in 55 B.C.led by Julius CaesarReasons the lure of treasures to punish the Celts because of the help they rendered their fellow tribesmen in GaulResults failed because of weatherwithdraw with hostages an

14、d prisonersRoman InvasionRoman Invasion (55 BC-410 AD)(55 BC-410 AD)2.Complete control over the land in 43 A.D.Leaderheaded by the Emperor ClaudiusReasonscame as imperialists to exploit and govern by right of being the superiorRoman InvasionRoman Invasion (55BC-410 AD)(55BC-410 AD)3.Leaving in aroun

15、d 410 A.D.The Roman Empire disintegrated in 476 A.D.left behind a well established Celtic-Roman cultureRoman Soldiers Resistance to Roman OccupationResistance to Roman OccupationFor nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation,but it was never a total occupation.Roman troops often withdre

16、w.Resistance:the PictsTwo great walls to keep the Picts:Hadrians Wall Antonine WallRoman Influence:Roman Influence:The The RomanisationRomanisation of Britannia of Britannia 1.Roman laws,taxes,engineering skills2.Architecture3.Roman social system 4.The Latin Language5.System of writing and numbering

17、6.Introduced a system of organized government in towns 7.Brought the new religion Christianity to Britain Roman Influence:Roman Influence:The The RomanisationRomanisation of Britannia of Britannia Roman towns:London,York,Bathbaths,temples,amphitheatres 竞技场竞技场,Roman aqueducts 高架渠高架渠 Roman roads:more

18、than 5000 roads,a network of roads to connect large towns Roman civilization was based on city life in hundreds of walled town linked by military roads.Roman town:BathBath Abbey Roman amphitheatre Roman aqueduct Roman Road The Impact of Christianity The Impact of Christianity The Celts ReligionDruid

19、ism religious leadersDruids A lot of gods existed.Polytheism(多神论)Animals,rivers,and lakes were also treated as gods.The Druids believed in afterlife and that when a person died,the soul went from one world to another.human sacrifice Celtic gods and goddesses Roman Britain Constantine was the first R

20、oman King converted to Christianity.Christian merchants and traders arrived in England in the 1st century A.D,but made little impact.In the 2nd century,Christianity slowly spread.First English martyrs,e.g.,St Alban,executed in 208 A.D.Constantines conversion to Christianity Christianity:belief in one godhead,albeit a trinityThe Christian doctrine of the Trinity the unity of Father,Son,and Holy Spirit as three persons in one Godhead.The Celts Religion:belief in several gods After Constantines conversion to Christianity,Polytheism(多神论)monotheism(一神论)Britannia